The article examines the current problems of forming a system of legal regulation of artificial intelligence in the Russian Federation. The study analyzes the existing regulatory framework, including strategic documents and experimental legal regimes, and identifies key gaps in legal regulation. Particular attention is paid to the lack of a unified conceptual framework, problems of distributing responsibility for the actions of AI systems, and insufficient transparency of algorithms.The author examines modern trends in the development of legal regulation in the field of artificial intelligence, including the introduction of a risk-based approach and control mechanisms. The study substantiates the need to create a comprehensive regulatory system that takes into account both international experience and national characteristics.The research is aimed at identifying the main problems of AI legal regulation and developing proposals for improving the legislative framework, which will ensure the effective use of artificial intelligence technologies while simultaneously protecting the rights and interests of citizens.The study emphasizes the importance of developing a unified federal law on artificial intelligence, introducing a risk-based approach, and creating specialized oversight mechanisms. Special attention is paid to the issues of algorithm transparency and responsibility distribution in AI systems.The results of the research can be used to improve legislation in the fi of AI, develop new regulatory acts, and form an effective regulatory system that balances technological development and legal protection.