In the context of increasing levels of geopolitical and geo-economic uncertainties, the problems of timely identification of the threats caused by them are more urgent than ever, and the effectiveness of the developed response measures depends on their adequate solution. Applying normative and functional analyses, the author identifies and classifies the external threats to economic security that are relevant at the beginning of 2025 and, based on the method of scientific abstraction, reveals the root causes of their occurrence. Using factor analysis and an evidence-based approach, the article substantiates the need to take into account all geopolitical and geo-economic factors when forming and implementing plans for the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation, including the projected adjustment of the policies of countries unfriendly to us and the expected reaction of the allied states to it. The disclosure of the stated topic will make it possible to identify the range of existing urgent external threats to Russia's economic security and timely select the necessary mechanisms and tools to neutralize them.