Models of Modern Parenthood: Normative, Single, «Yazhemat»

The article is devoted to the study of the problematic models of modern parenthood. The relevance of the research topic is related to the changing phenomenon of parenthood, which is noted not only by Russian but also by foreign researchers. The purpose of the study is to analyze various models of parenting, as well as parental self-efficacy. The research objectives are related to the theoretical and empirical substantiation of various models of social parenting practices in Russian realities. The scientific significance lies in the correlation of parental self-efficacy and diverse parenting models. It is proved that the emergence of normative, single, parenting with a high degree of child-centered «yazhem» and other models of parenting should be interpreted not only in the context of the parent's personal choice, but also from the point of view of the child's personality development. An empirical study conducted in 2025 revealed that normative and single parenting are assessed as a personal choice of a parent. However, if the normative model of parenthood is more adequate for the development of a child's personality, then choosing single parenthood has significant social consequences for the child's development – selfdoubt, dislike, and distrust of others. The model of social parenting practice «yazhemat» is assessed as problematic for the development of the child's personality. In conclusion, it is summarized that when choosing a parenting model, it is important to focus on both the role of the parent and the development of the child's personality.

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