Differentiated Approach of the Legislator to the Legal Regulation of Relations of Trade and Non-Trade Insolvency as a form of Correlation of Private and Public Interests in the Bankruptcy Legislation of the Russian Empire of the 18th–19th Centuries

Modern legal regulation of insolvency relations is represented by a set of legislative provisions in the field of bankruptcy, the main position among which is occupied by the Federal Law "On Insolvency (Bankruptcy)" dated October 26, 2002 N 127-FZ. At the same time, the provisions of this federal law apply to both relations related to the insolvency of legal entities and individuals (citizens). At the same time, legal regulation of civil insolvency relations was included in the bankruptcy legislation of the Russian Federation only in 2015. Thus, legal regulation of general civil insolvency relations in modern Russia is no more than 10 years old, while the problems of insolvency of legal entities were devoted to the norms of the Soviet legislation, and the legislation of the Russian Empire was distinguished by the statutory procedure for regulating insolvency relations. In light of the designated features of legal regulation of insolvency relations, the experience of legal regulation of the Russian Empire in the 18th-19th centuries. seems useful and interesting not only from the point of view of codification works, but also the evolution of bankruptcy legislation, taking into account the differentiated approach of the legislator to the legal regulation of relations of commercial and non-commercial insolvency. The study of the bankruptcy legislation of the Russian Empire of the 18th-19th centuries under the prism of the interpenetration and relationship of the principles of private and public law with the aim of further studying the general principles of the formation and development of bankruptcy legislation, characteristic of the law of both the Russian Empire and modern Russia, is a relevant direction in the development of historical-legal and theoretical-legal thought. In addition, a historical and legal study of the features of the formation and development of bankruptcy legislation will allow us to understand the content of relations that are the subject of legal regulation and the main categories of law in the period under review, as well as to identify patterns and effective organizational and legal forms that determine their further legal development.

1. ПСЗРИ. Собрание первое. Т. 7. 1723–1727. СПб., 1830. № 5145.

2. ПСЗРИ. Собрание первое. Т. 8. 1728–1732. СПб., 1830. № 5410.

3. Муромцев С.А. Гражданское право Древнего Рима: Лекции Сергея Муромцева, проф. Моск. ун-та. М.: тип. А.И. Мамонтова и К°, 1883. 697 с.

4. ПСЗРИ. Собрание первое. Т. 3. 1689–1699. СПб., 1830. № 1398.

5. Туткевич Д.В. Что есть торговая несостоятельность: (Опыт построения определения в связи с изложением признаков для объявления торговой несостоятельности судом). СПб.: тип. Д.В. Чичинадзе, 1896. 38 с.

6. Гольмстен А.Х. Исторический очерк русского конкурсного процесса. СПб.: тип. В.С. Балашева, 1888. 292 с.

7. ПСЗРИ. Собрание первое. Т. 9. 1733–1736. СПб., 1830. № 7013.

8. ПСЗРИ. Собрание первое. Т. 26. 1800–1801. СПб., 1830. № 19692.

9. ПСЗРИ. Собрание второе. Т. 7. 1832. СПб., 1833. № 5463.

10. ПСЗРИ. Собрание второе. Т. 20. Отделение 1. 1845 г. № 19283.

11. ПСЗРИ. Собрание второе. Т. 54. 1879–1880. Отделение первое. СПб., 1881. № 59374.

12. Семенов А.В. Этимологический онлайн-словарь русского языка. URL: https://lexicography.online/etymology/semyonov/б/банкрот