Transformation of Traditional Values in the Political and Legal Doctrine of Peter the Great's Reforms: the Conflict of Modernization and National Identity

The Russian legal system is a dynamically developing entity. The structural elements of the Russian legal system are subject to transformational influences from a variety of objective and subjective factors. The legal system should be viewed as a collective category and a multifaceted phenomenon. The legal system encompasses all legal phenomena and legal reality at a particular stage of state development (law, legal system, legal practice, legal ideology, legal consciousness, law enforcement, and a number of other structural elements). In order to characterize the problems of interconnection and integrity, and to highlight the unity and contradictions in their components at the current stage, the author proposes to use the category of axiological factors or determinants of the theoretical development of the Russian legal system. At the current stage, special attention should be paid to studying the transformation of traditional values both at the current stage and in their historical development.

This article attempts to examine the key political and legal views (XVIII century- modern period) on the conflict of modernization and national identity in the period of Peter the Great. All elements of the Russian legal system are undergoing reform: legislation, state institutions, law enforcement, and legal awareness. The changes are based on vital needs and new challenges of socio-political development. It should be emphasized that every legal system demonstrates a desire to regulate its functioning in a spatial-temporal and civilizational coordinate system.

The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the study of systemic theoretical provisions in the study of the Russian legal system through a historiographical analysis of the axiological determinants that affect the genesis and development of the Russian legal system allows us to take into account various negative trends, legal regulation in general, and possible violations of the legal and social balance. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the justification of the thesis that Peter's reforms were not just an administrative and technical modernization, but a fundamental cultural revolution aimed at creating a new type of political and legal consciousness. The transformation of traditional values did not occur through simple replacement with European models, but rather through a complex process of selective adaptation and synthesis of various cultural elements.

This process created a persistent contradiction in Russian society between the modernization imperatives and the need to preserve national identity, which determined the course of Russian historical development over the following centuries.

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