War or Peace: Historical and Legal Analysis of L.A. Kamarovsky's Speech and Its Relevance in 2025

The article provides a historical and legal analysis of L.A. Kamarovsky's lecture "War or Peace?" (1892), revealing the causes of wars and prospects for peace through the prism of international law, which remains relevant in the context of modern challenges to Russia's security and politics in 2025. The purpose of the study is to identify Kamarovsky's key ideas and compare them with modern international and domestic realities, which is achieved through the study of the historical context, analysis of the concepts of war, militarism and national conflicts, as well as an assessment of the possibilities of their application today. The scientific and practical significance of the work lies in deepening the understanding of the evolution of international law and the formation of modern approaches to peacekeeping, which is useful for the development of foreign policy strategies and reforms of international institutions. As a result, the transition of the perception of war from a natural phenomenon to a moral problem, the role of law in limiting force, criticism of militarism and national contradictions, as well as the need for reforms and strengthening public influence are revealed, which confirms the high relevance of Kamarovsky's ideas in the modern context of sanctions, regional conflicts and information challenges. The novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive comparison of Kamarovsky's legacy with modern challenges, offering new prospects for the application of classical concepts to strengthen international peace and law and order.

1. Камаровский, Л.А. Война или миръ? СПб., 1892. 36 с. URL: https://www.litres.ru/book/leonidkamarovskiy/voyna-ili-mir-560305/ (дата обращения: 05.05.2025).

2. Адаманова З.О. Внешнеэкономическое сотрудничество России в условиях санкций: новые возможности // Вестник Северо-Кавказского федерального университета. 2024. № 4 (103). С. 59–65. https://doi.org/10.37493/2307- 907X.2024.4.6

3. Копытов А.В. Идеология милитаризма и её роль в обществе // Наука и современное общество: актуальные вопросы, достижения и инновации. Сб. статей VII Межд. науч.-практ. конф., Пенза, 20 июня 2021 г. Пенза: ООО «Наука и Просвещение», 2021. С. 101–105.

4. Сченснович В.Н. Этнические и этноконфессиональные конфликты в современной России // Россия и мусульманский мир. 2022. № 2(324). С. 9–15. DOI: 10.31249/rimm/2022.02.01.

5. Данельян А.А., Гуляева Е.Е. Глобальная безопасность и международное право. М.: Квант Медиа, 2023. 390 с.