Spiritual Health of Muscovites: Socio-Demographic Coordinates

In the context of accelerated urbanization, growing social isolation, and digital overload, studying the factors that shape an individual's spiritual well-being is of particular social significance. The aim of the study was to identify systemic relationships between sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age, health, financial situation) and the choice of spiritual and psychological practices, as well as to determine their role in shaping the subjective perception of spiritual well-being and the individual's adaptive strategies. Significant gender differences were empirically confirmed: women more often choose practices related to communication, creativity, helping others, and dancing, while men prefer physical activity and computer games. Financial situation correlates with preferences: high income is associated with cultural practices, information detox, and travel; low income is associated with social media, church attendance, and professional activity as a form of spiritual expression. Respondents with chronic diseases or disabilities more often choose reflective, accessible practices (contemplation, reading, handicrafts), while people with good health tend to engage in active pursuits. Spiritual practices have been found to function as an individual adaptive mechanism that promotes inner harmony. Spiritual wellbeing is interpreted not as passive comfort, but as the ability to recognize the value and joy of life despite objective difficulties. The key role of spiritual health in strengthening social ties and reducing the risk of alienation in the metropolis has been confirmed. The results open up prospects for the development of personalized approaches in social work, psychology, and urban policy.

1. Ellison C.W. Spirutal well-being: Conceptualization and measurement // Theology. 1983. № 11 (4). P. 333.

2. Link B., Phelan J. Social conditions as fundamental causes of disease // Journal of Health and Social Behaviour. 1995. № 35. P. 80–94.

3. Kohlberg L. The Philosophy of Moral Development. Vol. 1: Moral Stages and the Idea of Justice. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1981. 441 р.

4. Gary S. Becker. Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education. University of Chicago Press, 2009. 404 p.

5. Лукьянов А.В., Пушкарева М.А. Философские основания душевного и духовного здоровья // Вестник Башкирского государственного медицинского университета. 2023. № S3. С. 175–178.

6. Редько А.А. Духовно-нравственная основа индивидуального, группового и популяционного здоровья // Здоровье – основа человеческого потенциала: проблемы и пути их решения. 2023. Т. 18. № 1. С. 44–48.

7. Патенко Г.Р., Гусев В.Л., Савицкий С.К. Единство духовного и телесного как основа культуры здоровья: философский анализ // Ученые записки Крымского федерального университета имени В.И. Вернадского. Философия. Политология. Культурология. 2024. Т. 10. № 3. С. 26–37.