Legal Limits of State Control over Foreign Investment in Strategic Sectors

This research is devoted to analyzing the legal limits of state intervention in the sphere of foreign investments made in strategically important segments of the Russian economy. The relevance of the work is due to the increasing complexity of the legal regime for admitting foreign capital under conditions of strengthened national security requirements, technological sovereignty, and economic stability, which exacerbates the problem of proportionality between public law restrictions and the need to maintain the predictability of investment turnover. The aim of the study is to identify and theoretically substantiate the legal boundaries of state control over foreign investments in strategic sectors, taking into account current legislation and established law enforcement practice. To achieve this goal, the work addresses the tasks of analyzing the normative structure of special investment control, identifying criteria for strategic importance and legal control, and evaluating procedural mechanisms for approval and the consequences of their violation.
The scientific significance of the research lies in clarifying the conceptual and functional characteristics of state control as a special legal regime that combines licensing, supervisory, and sanctioning elements, as well as in revealing the relationship between the substantive and procedural boundaries of permissible state intervention in investment and corporate relations. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using the formulated conclusions in the legal examination of transactions with foreign participation, developing regulatory compliance models for strategic business entities, and preparing legal positions in administrative and judicial approval procedures.
The main results of the study are the identification of the multi-level nature of the legal boundaries of state control, due to the simultaneous operation of investment and counter-sanction regulations, and the substantiation of the key role of the principles of legal certainty and proportionality in the application of restrictive measures. The work concludes that the stability of the legal control regime is achieved not through the expansion of prohibitive mechanisms, but through the institutional strengthening of procedural guarantees and a clear differentiation of special and general legal consequences. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the comprehensive understanding of state control over foreign investments as a dynamic system of legal restrictions and guarantees, in which the limits of intervention are formed at the intersection of substantive legal criteria, procedural standards, and the practice of their judicial evaluation.

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