Failure to Comply with Protective Duties as a Condition for Bringing to Justice for Breach of in German Civil Law

Civil liability in case of violation of a contract is one of the key and at the same time controversial theoretical and legal issues of the modern science of civil law of any state. This article attempts to understand the theoretical and practical aspects of contract violations in German civil law. The purpose of the work is to study such a legal phenomenon as protective duties that arise when concluding a contract. This study provides material for analysis from the point of view of theory and law enforcement practice, including from the perspective of improving domestic legislation. Violation of the contract in Germany means not only the lack of proper provision for the obligation, but is also characterized by an intrusion into the personal property sphere of one of the counterparties. Causing harm in the performance of a contract in German civil law is qualified as non-compliance with special protective duties, requiring the application of appropriate rules on liability for breach of contract. In Germany, liability for violation of protective duties is caused by failure to pay due attention to the inviolability of the material or intangible benefits of the counterparty to the contract. The paper determines that there is no similar legal regulation in Russia and substantiates the effectiveness of the domestic approach – the qualification of such relations as non-contractual harm.

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