Comparative Legal Analysis of the Organization of Specially Protected Natural Areas in European Countries

The article examines the legislative regulation of specially protected natural areas in European countries. The study identifies differences and common principles in the definitions and categories of specially protected natural areas in the legislation of European countries. The analysis of the established differences in legislation on specially protected natural areas allows for the expansion of scientific understanding of this issue and the development of more effective and sustainable approaches to nature conservation.

1. Конвенция «О биологическом разнообразии» от 05.06.1992 // СЗ РФ. – 1996. – № 19.

2. Конвенция о водно-болотных угодьях, имеющих международное значение, главным образом в качестве местообитания водоплавающих птиц. Заключена в г. Рамсаре 02.02.1971 г. // СПС Гарант.

3. Конвенция об охране всемирного культурного и природного наследия (закл. в г. Париже 16.11.1972) // СПС Гарант.

4. Устав международного союза охраны природы и природных ресурсов 5.10.1948 г. № 124. – URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/901941373

5. Федеральный закон от 14.03.1995 г. № 33-ФЗ «Об особо охраняемых природных территориях» (ред. от 01.05.2022 г.) // СЗ РФ. – 1995. – № 12. – Ст. 1024.

6. IUCN (1994) Guidelines for Protected Area Management Categories. CNPPA with the assistance of WCMC. – IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, 1994. – 261 р.

7. Natura 2000 // European Commission. – URL:https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/natura2000/index_en.htm(дата обращения: 03.09.2023).

8. Biodiversity strategy // European Commission. – URL: https://environment.ec.europa.eu/strategy/biodiversity-strategy-2030_en (дата обращения: 03.09.2023).

9. EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 from 20.05.2020 № 380. – URL. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0380.

10. Koutsouki A., Nastis S., Bournaris T., Zikos D. A Review on the Relation between European Protected Areas, Farming Systems and Certification/Labelling Schemes of Agri-Food Products with a Protected Area Logo. – URL: https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202305.1790/v1.

11. Code de l'environnement 18.09.2001 № 2000-914. – URL: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/section_lc/LEGITEXT000006074220/LEGISCTA000006176504/2022-11-01/.

12. Loi № 2010-788 du 12 juillet 2010 portant engagement national pour l'environnement, JO du 13/07/2010 (Loi dite «Grenelle II»). – URL: https://www.actu-environnement.com/ae/reglementation/loi_du_12_07_2010_devx0822225l.php4

13. Loi fédérale du 22 juin 1979 sur l'aménagement du territoire (Loi sur l'aménagement du territoire, LAT) 1 janvier 1980 RO 1979 1573. – URL: https://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC003493/

14. Loi n° 2001-602 du 9 juillet 2001 d'orientation sur la forêt. – URL: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006613761

15. Guignier A., Prieur M. Legal Framework for Protected Areas // IUCN-EPLP. – 2010. – № 81. – P. 10–11.

16. Chassé P., Blatrix C., Frascaria-Lacoste N. Determining the location of protected areas in France: Does «scientific interest» matter? // Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation. – 2021. – № 19 (3). – P. 379–386.

17. Legislation «Laying down the legal framework for protected areas» 1991 № 394. – URL: https://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/ru/c/LEX-FAOC005411.

18. Bertini A., Caruso I, Vitolo T Inland Areas, Protected Natural Areas and Sustainable Development // Eng. Proc. – 2022. – № 18. – Р. 20–26. – https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2022018020

19. Act «Wildlife and Countryside» from 30.10.1981. – URL: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ ukpga/1981/69/contents.

20. Starnes T., Beresford A.E., Buchanan G.M., Lewis M., Hughes A., & Gregory R.D. The extent and effectiveness of protected areas in the UK // Global Ecology and Conservation. – 2021. – № 30. – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01745

21. Act «The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations» from 30.11.2017 № 1012. – URL: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2017/1012/introduction/made.

22. Act «Nature Conservation (Scotland)» from 11.06.2004 № 2004. – URL: https://www.legislation. gov.uk/asp/2004/6.

23. Act «Wildlife and Countryside» от 30.10.1981 № 69. – URL: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/69/enacted.

24. Act «Nature Conservation» from 03.07.2013 № 951. – URL: https://leap.unep.org/countries/dk/national-legislation/nature-conservation-act-no-951-2013.

25. The Czech National Council Act № 114/1992 on Protection of Nature and the Landscape. – URL: https://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC183146/.

26. Act «Protection of Nature and the Landscape» from 19.02.1992 № 114/92 // FAL. – 1994. – № 43. – Р. 276–279.

27. Status of Biological Resources and Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity in the Czech Republic. First Report // Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic. – Prague, 2000. – 65 р.