Since recently, the digital ruble has been officially recognized as the third form of currency on a par with cash and non-cash money. This implies the relevance of this study, namely the need to study this digital asset. The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of the introduction of the digital ruble on the Russian economy. As tasks arising from the need to achieve the above goal are: studying the legislative framework for the functioning of the digital ruble; determining the characteristics of the digital ruble; determining the impact of the digital ruble on financial stability.

The scientific significance of this study lies in the fact that the digital ruble acts as a new form of monetary relations, which requires analyzing and understanding its impact on the economy and financial system. The practical significance of this study, in particular, the digital ruble is that its introduction may lead to changes in financial services, payment technologies, accounting and other areas. Understanding the features of the digital ruble will help all subjects of economic relations to adapt to the new conditions and use the opportunities that the digital currency provides.

The main results of the study include the positive impact of the introduction of this digital asset on the national payment infrastructure. Conclusions were drawn about the digital ruble as a catalyst that creates a competitive environment in the banking sector and, accordingly, forces banks to improve their business processes, allocate funds more efficiently and improve the quality of customer service.

The value of the presented study lies in expanding public knowledge about the digital ruble and its impact on the country's financial system.

The article is devoted to the study of factors in the development of entropy of a socio-economic system. The research is carried out within the framework of the concept of sustainable development. The entropy of the system is analyzed from the perspective of economic and social factors in the development of the economic environment. The authors use linear and nonlinear methods, economic and statistical analysis. The approach is innovative both in terms of problem formulation and in its implementation in the research environment.

The authors proposed a new classification of factors that increase and decrease entropy. The concept of system entropy is analyzed taking into account the scientific apparatus of modern management: financial, social, environmental. The subject of the study is the socio-economic system of the regions of the Russian Federation. The object of the study is the entropy factors operating in the analyzed scientific space and time.

Financial and geopolitical crises at the present stage have led to an increase in the role of the state, and as a result, the expansion of direct and indirect budget support measures. The limited volume of public resources and the multidimensional nature of the tasks being solved leads to the search for new and optimization of existing public finance management tools. The concept of tax expenditures as an integral part of the methodology of public finance management is characterized by fundamental differences in its practical implementation in different countries.

The purpose of the article is to conduct a comparative analysis of the tax expense management system in the Russian Federation and foreign countries in order to develop proposals for the use of best practices. The study examines the foreign experience of integrating tax expenditures into the budget process. Each state adapts this toolkit in accordance with the specifics of fiscal policy and the budget process. Based on the assessment, the features of the tax expenditure management system in foreign countries were identified. The results of the study can be practically used in the development of normative and methodological documents on this issue.

Currently, Western countries are taking economic and political measures to destabilize the Russian economy, create threats and obstacles to the movement of Russian goods and capital, and freeze the accounts of Russian banks and retail investors. The transformation of economic and trade relations poses great threats and risks to the country's foreign economic security. In the context of a special military operation, issues of national security, including foreign economic security, have acquired special importance, ensuring foreign economic security has become one of Russia's national priorities. In these conditions, the topic of ensuring foreign economic security is especially relevant.

The purpose of this article is to assess the foreign economic security of the Russian Federation in the face of sanctions from unfriendly countries. To do this, the following tasks are set: to consider the theoretical and practical foundations of foreign economic security, to analyze the main indicators of foreign economic security.

The scientific significance of the work lies in determining the role of foreign economic security in the national security system of the country, strategic directions for the development of foreign economic activity of our country. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the results of the study can be used as a basis for analytical and project activities of a specialist in foreign economic security when developing a strategy to improve foreign economic security.

Based on the results obtained, the following conclusions are drawn: in order to further strengthen Russia's foreign economic security, it is necessary to strengthen technological and economic sovereignty, expand sales channels, strengthen business and trade relations with friendly countries, and increase the share of value-added goods in exports. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop a single document in the field of foreign economic security of the Russian Federation.

The article considers theoretical approaches to the classification of transformative investments implemented in the economic space of the region. The relevance of the research topic is due, in our opinion, to the need to systematize the relatively new concept of "transformative investments" for Russian realities, taking into account their specifics.The purpose of the study is to create a scientifically based classification of transformative investments. The objectives of the study are determined by the set goal and provide for the formation of classification groups and signs of transformative investments.The scientific and practical significance of the work lies in the fact that a reasonable classification according to the selected criteria allows us to develop certain approaches to the analysis of transformative projects, taking into account their specifics when evaluating effectiveness.

The results of the conducted research provide for the compilation of a classification of transformative investments based on the data presented in scientific discourse. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that this classification reflects the specifics of transformative investments, which consist in their impact on the economic space of the region and can be further supplemented and expanded. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the author for the first time made an attempt to classify this type of investment, also called "impact investments", which allows taking into account their specifics not only at the micro level, but also at the level of the subjects of the Russian Federation. At the moment, the author has not found such a classification in scientific discourse that allows reflecting the essential characteristics of transformative investments.

In the current geopolitical situation, the importance of the control functions of business entities is increasing. Internal control is necessary to achieve sustainable economic growth of organizations, protection from threats and business risks. Within the framework of the set goal related to the development of internal control of commercial organizations, the article examines the essential characteristics of internal control, the functions and composition of its regulatory and methodological support. The set of information (vector of goals) necessary for accurately setting and solving planned strategic development tasks has been conceptually defined.

The value of the organizational and methodological concept of internal control is associated with the possibility of its further stage-by-stage development in the monitoring system.

The high level of sanctions pressure, economic fragmentation and the restructuring of global economic relations force us to change the investment strategy and the choice of financial assets of state sovereign funds to solve priority tasks.

The purpose of the study is to assess the expediency of increasing the share of the Chinese yuan in the currency structure of the National Welfare Fund, taking into account the trends of the renminbiization of international settlements, the prospects of Russian–Chinese economic relations, and international experience in managing liquid assets of sovereign funds. The study examines the factors of the integration of the Chinese yuan into the international monetary system, the potential for use in international settlements and within the framework of economic cooperation between Russia and China, the BRICS and SCO countries. Based on the assessment of the dynamics and influence of the NWF's currency structure on the revaluation of its assets, recommendations are presented on the possibility of using the Chinese yuan to form the NWF in the medium term, as well as the currencies of "friendly countries". The scientific news led to a comprehensive assessment of the state and prospects of using the Chinese yuan in the foreign exchange transfer of the NWF in the context of the challenges facing the Russian economy. The results of the study can be practically used in the development of the NWF management strategy, as well as in scientific research on the formation of foreign exchange reserves of sovereign funds.

As part of the tools for managing activities to ensure the economic security of a business, the control and analytical tools that have the greatest effectiveness are considered the most relevant. The purpose of the work is to present tools for analysis and control in activities to ensure economic security and their development. The authors draw conclusions about the importance of analyzing the financial condition based on information from accounting (financial) statements. The authors' position is given regarding the use of control tools, among which the inventory of assets and liabilities is highlighted. Inventory of inventory items is identified as a problem area due to its complexity and high risk.

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of e-commerce on the development of retail trade in Russian conditions. The article presents the results of the analysis of statistical data and research showing the dynamics of the development of online commerce and its impact on the retail sector of Russia. Examples of successful cases of Russian companies that have been able to successfully integrate e-commerce into their activities and increase their competitiveness in the market are given. As a result of the research, the author's approach to systematization of the factors influencing the growth of online commerce in the retail sector is proposed, and a number of recommendations for its further development are proposed. The results of the study can be used to stimulate the growth of e-commerce in Russia.

The relevance of the research topic is due to the need to review scientific, regulatory and analytical information affecting the development of the Arctic region in the context of changes in Russia's foreign policy. The purpose of the scientific research is to analyze the main forms and methods of state support for Arctic clusters and identify the most effective tools for state regulation of their formation and development. The scientific and practical significance of the work lies in highlighting the relevant theoretical and applied aspects of public management of the development of Arctic clusters. The role of the Center for Cluster Development (CCD) of Technopark SPb JSC in the functioning of the Arctic cluster of St. Petersburg, as well as its role in the innovative development of the Arctic zone is analyzed. The effectiveness of the Central Committee's activities, its importance in the implementation of inter-cluster cooperation and support for cluster initiatives in the regions of the Russian Federation is shown. The main conclusion of the study is the need to expand the formats of state support for cluster participants, which will accelerate the innovative development of the Arctic zone. The scientific novelty of the study is due to changes in Russia's foreign policy and the formation of new requirements for regional policy in the Arctic zone, namely: to carefully increase international cooperation, taking into account the national interests of the Russian Federation in the Arctic; to reorient the economic rails towards import substitution and the establishment of production facilities for the development of the Arctic zone. And here, economic clusters are one of the main instruments of regional policy. It is important to form clusters using forms and methods of state regulation for the implementation of sustainable development of the Arctic territories. In the study, the authors identify both theoretical and empirical conclusions on the issue of state regulation of the development of Arctic clusters.

Strengthening technological sovereignty is possible only through an innovative way of development and introduction of technological innovations into production, therefore, the analysis of patent activity of the subjects of the federation is an urgent task for research. In this regard, in the work, the indicators of the number of applications filed and patents received for inventions in the Republic of Tatarstan were considered, leaders in filing patent applications were identified, data on the use of patents were presented. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the high patent activity of republican universities, but the low rate of introduction of inventions into production, which slows down the transition from import substitution towards the creation and introduction of new technologies in Tatarstan. Therefore, the regional authorities need to create conditions for a constructive dialogue between universities (drivers of intellectual property creation) and enterprises (places of implementation of developments in production) in order to strengthen the technological sovereignty of the country.

The relevance of the study is dictated by the need to develop the tourism economy of the Republic of Tatarstan and increase the industry’s contribution to GRP. Goal: to establish the dynamics, growth and correlation of individual indicators of the tourism economy. The features of the recovery of tourism economic indicators in the post-pandemic period have been identified. The values of the correlation coefficients of indicators are presented, which make it possible to predict changes in interrelated parameters of the tourism economy of the Republic of Tatarstan. For the first time, high rates of restoration of turnover in the catering sector, the number of people in sanatorium-resort and collective accommodation facilities, and their almost linear relationship with tourist flow and GRP have been established. The results are valuable for constructing economic and mathematical models.

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the modern transition of the state to a national economic model of development, which has an objective basis associated with the geopolitical changes of the current stage of the global trend and the gradual liberation from the unjustified uniformity of the priorities of Western liberalism. The purpose and objectives of the study are to reveal the features of the current stage of national development, which is based on the transition to a new civilizational order that contributes to the construction of the most acceptable stable national economic system for Russia. This thesis is also justified by the fact that the previous model, which has been functioning for more than thirty years, developed at the initial stage in a permanent crisis mode and did not meet the requirements of progressive growth and social demands of society, demonstrating for a long period in recent years the features of a stable recession. The scientific and practical significance of the work lies in the disclosure of the main mechanisms for building an effective public administration system with a diverse resource potential available within the national territory, based on resource self-sufficiency and significant renewal of the economic mechanism on the terms of economic, scientific, technological, industrial and financial sovereignty. The main results and conclusions presented in the study consist in considering the features of the historically most acceptable Russian (Eurasian) civilizational platform and its impact on the transformational transition to a stable national socio-economic system. The value of the research and the scientific novelty consist in the presentation of the substantive elements of the Russian (Eurasian) civilizational platform and the related most important elements of the sustainable development of the economic national space.

The investment policy of the state is decisive in the development of each region. In this regard, the issue of ensuring economic security in the field of investment is considered relevant. Within the framework of the goal set in the article, the essence of economic security in the investment sphere and the main directions of state policy to ensure it are revealed. The degree of development of the problem and the importance of investment processes in ensuring sustainable development of the region are noted. As a result of the typological development of the definition of economic security, the essence of the concept of investment security is revealed. The directions of state policy to ensure economic security in the investment sphere of the regions have been determined. The result of the work is a toolkit for assessing investment security, including systems of indicators for the development of the investment sector of the region and their analysis in the monitoring system.

The implementation of state policy to ensure technological sovereignty of various spheres of economic and social life in Russia is considered to be particularly significant from the position of effective management of national projects, the relevance of which is determined by the national interests and strategic national priorities of the country. Within the framework of this goal, the work systematizes information about national projects currently being implemented and provides a description of the directions and initiatives for their implementation. The principles and features of managing national projects and government programs at the regional level are demonstrated. As a result, the article presents the analytical content of the state program of the Republic of Mari El “Economic development and investment activity” and characterizes the possibility of its implementation within the established time frame.

The study is devoted to the urgent problem of interaction between the executive authorities of the city of Moscow and the public in the process of forming and implementing scenarios for the development of the transport infrastructure of the metropolis. The purpose of the work is to analyze the impact of these communications on the efficiency of the city's transport systems. The article uses data clustering and in-depth analysis methods to identify key vectors of infrastructure development based on statistical data from the Moscow Department of Transport, the results of sociological research and public discussions for the period 2018–2022. Significant achievements in the development of the transport network have

been identified as a result of an open dialogue between the government and society: the implementation of the MCC project, optimization of routes and timetables based on feedback, increasing accessibility and comfort of the urban environment. The practical significance of the study is to substantiate the effectiveness of the communicative model of transport infrastructure management. The scientific novelty of the work is related to the development of a methodology for assessing the impact of public participation on transport planning processes in a modern megalopolis. The results obtained can be used to improve the mechanisms of interaction between public authorities and civil society institutions in the field of urban infrastructure development.

An important role in the public sector is played by public legal entities that ensure the implementation of key functions of the state. From a civil law point of view, public legal entities are one of the economic entities subject to generally established requirements, but the special status and purposes of creation determine differences in the conditions of their functioning. The article is devoted to the analysis of the peculiarities of the functioning of public legal entities in the Russian Federation.

Analytical research methods are widely used in activities to ensure the economic security of business entities, since they allow the generation of information necessary for management. The relevance of business analytics tools using new information technologies is only growing, especially for solving information security issues.

As part of the goal set in the work, the authors present an assessment of the state of information security in Russia, which is associated with the increase in the number of crimes in the field of information and communication technologies, as well as methods of information protection. The importance of integrated solutions necessary for the development of business intelligence systems is shown.

The paper analyzes existing theoretical provisions of the concept of sustainable development within the framework of the possibility of applying their provisions in public management of sustainable development of territories. The purpose of the study is to determine the features of these approaches regarding the possibility of application to the sustainable development of territories. It has been revealed that the mechanisms of state regulation are embedded in all theoretical approaches to sustainable development, which has practical significance and makes it possible to use this conclusion within the framework of state regulation in determining the conditions and possibilities for the development of territories, as well as in state management of sustainable development of territories. It is noted that the analyzed theoretical approaches to the concept of sustainable development are insufficiently and sometimes indirectly linked to the effectiveness of government management of sustainable development, as well as to indicators of the quality of life of the population. Based on the results of the analysis of theoretical provisions and their applicability to state management of sustainable development of territories, it was proposed to consider a proposal to form a system of indicators that would allow assessing the effectiveness of state management of sustainable development of territories. In this context, it is possible to continue research in the field of public management of sustainable development of territories.

The author considers the process of legal regulation of the Internet communication space as a secure information environment. The ways to eliminate the existing gaps in legislation legalizing the activities of bloggers, in particular not only their rights, but also their duties, are proposed. Based on the results of the study, conclusions are drawn about the need to create clear legal norms that allow for the free dissemination and free production of information in the face of modern challenges.

The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the wide distribution of works of unknown authorship in the absence of a mechanism for their legal regulation in Russia and the presence of this mechanism in France, which necessitates the need to study foreign experience of legal regulation.

The purpose of the study is to study individual problems of the legal regime of “orphan” works in France. The objectives of the study are: analysis of the problems of determining the system of

characteristics of an “orphan” work, analysis of the problems of determining the characteristics of an “orphan” work established for the purpose of their use.

The scientific significance of the work lies in the legal analysis of the systemic features of an “orphan” work in French copyright law, which serves as the basis for further comparative legal research. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using the obtained materials to form an effective mechanism for the legal protection of “orphan” works in Russia.

Based on the results of the study, a system of general and special characteristics of an “orphan” work in French copyright law was identified, and problems of the relationship between the special characteristics of an “orphan” work and the permitted methods of its use were identified.

The value of the study lies in the construction of a system of general and special characteristics of an “orphan” work, in their relationship with the legal ways of using the work, as well as identifying its possible authors.

The article examines the legislative regulation of specially protected natural areas in European countries. The study identifies differences and common principles in the definitions and categories of specially protected natural areas in the legislation of European countries. The analysis of the established differences in legislation on specially protected natural areas allows for the expansion of scientific understanding of this issue and the development of more effective and sustainable approaches to nature conservation.

The purpose of the article is: to analyze the main evaluative signs that characterize crimes in the field of economic activity; to develop recommendations for solving problems related to the use of evaluative signs in this area. The author considers the evaluative feature as a category of criminal law, analyzes the opinions of Soviet and modern Russian researchers/ The author focuses on the analysis of specific evaluative features that characterize crimes in the field of economic activity. Quantitative, qualitative and cumulative signs are distinguished, and their brief description is given. The issue of eliminating evaluative concepts from the norms of the Criminal Code is being considered. Based on the results of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that evaluative signs are such characteristics that are not specified in the law and are determined by the inner conviction of the law enforcement officer. It is concluded that many of the signs that characterize crimes in the field of economic activity are not specified by the legislator, and the explanations of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation are fragmentary and unsystematic. The author believes that there is no need to abandon evaluative concepts and proposes to systematize them both within the framework of Chapter 22 and within the framework of the entire Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The author also emphasizes the need to develop a unified approach and a system of criteria for determining the evaluative signs of crimes in the field of economic activity.

The relevance of the chosen topic of the study is determined by the fact that at the current stage of development of the Russian state there is a steady interest in the study of youth parliamentary as a constitutional and legal phenomenon. The purpose of the study is to develop theoretical provisions that together form a comprehensive scientific understanding of the nature of youth parliamentary. The essence of youth parliamentary can be disclosed on the basis of such legal categories as "representation", "representative function", etc., which the author considers as complementary. At the same time, the scientific novelty of the study is expressed in the fact that previously unexamined study of their correlation can allow to generalize and supplement the idea of this constitutional-legal phenomenon.

The relevance of the problem raised in the conducted research lies in the need to develop legal support for the development of one of the promising branches of modern technology – biotechnology, which is essential for ensuring the security of our country. The purpose of the work was to analyze the legislative framework of biobanking in the Russian Federation. According to the results of the study, a conclusion was made about the lack of formation of the domestic legal framework in the field of collection, storage, testing, and processing of biomaterials. It is proposed to use the experience of regulatory regulation of technologically developed countries

The variety of forms of urban planning activity provided for in Art. 1 of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2004 № 190-FZ (as amended on December 25, 2023) (as amended and supplemented, entered into force on February 1, 2024) (hereinafter referred to as the Civil Code of the Russian Federation), mediates the complex nature of the legal regime and the type of legal regulation of urban planning relations. Determining the legal nature of complex legal entities and their place in the legal system is an urgent problem not only in the theory of law, but also in legal regulation. The subject composition of relations regulated by law, the rights and obligations of subjects, as well as the interest subject to protection form the content of legal relations and make it possible to establish the features of the mechanism of legal regulation. As a result of the analysis carried out in this article of the norms establishing the rights and obligations of participants in urban planning relations, taking into account the diversity and differences in types of urban planning activities, it was found that the content of certain types of urban planning relations differs depending on the scope of the legal personality of their participants and the type of urban planning activities. Also, the scope of legal personality of participants in urban planning legal relations can serve as the basis for their classification.

Belgorod Law Institute of Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation named after I.D. Putilin

In this article, the authors conducted a comprehensive analysis of the criminological characteristics of persons who committed illegal sexual acts against minors in the Belgorod region for the period 2021–2022. In this subject of the Federation, there is a significant increase in crimes committed against minors. The aim is a comprehensive study of the subjects of crimes against sexual freedom and inviolability of minors. The tasks are: to establish a correlation between a criminal act and mental abnormalities; to identify psychological and pedagogical factors contributing to the formation of a pedophile's personality of this kind of pathology. The scientific and practical significance is due to the fact that when developing tactics and methodological recommendations aimed at combating sexual violence against minors, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the subject of the crime. The value of the conducted research lies in the possibility of increasing the effectiveness of disclosure and prevention of sexual crimes against minors.

This article examines the concept of appeal in legal theory. The author analyzes the main features of the appeal in different periods of history. The connection between appeal and iteration, as well as the tasks of appellate and cassation review of the case are considered. A definition of appeal proceedings is proposed.

The relevance of the research topic is due to theoretical and practical problems in the field of municipal solid waste management. The purpose of the study is to establish conceptual legal problems in organizing the mechanism for handling municipal solid waste. To achieve this goal, a number of tasks are being solved: problems of contractual regulation in the field of municipal solid waste management have been identified; ways to optimize the legal support for the collection and removal of municipal solid waste have been proposed; the rules for pricing and control over entities in the area under consideration have been clarified. The scientific and practical significance of the results lies in the attempt made to comprehensively study legal problems in the field of municipal solid waste management. The article draws a conclusion about legislative contradictions in understanding the production cycle of the area under study and proposes a change in the model of interaction between the regional operator and the consumer, as well as suggesting ways to increase the transparency of legal relations in the field of municipal solid waste management. The conducted research allows us to summarize the main theoretical aspects of the legal regulation of the sphere of municipal solid waste management, and also offers practical recommendations to law enforcers.

A legal fiction is a difficult and multifaceted phenomenon, and it is a permanent object of scientific interest till a long period of time. Theoretical understanding, different approaches to understanding legal background about the legal fiction are formed and presented in scientific literature. But features and demonstrations of a legal fictions in modern constitutional law are explored partially.

The purpose of this issue is to identify features of actions of the legal fictions in the foundations of constitutional system of Russia. To reach this purpose the constitutional fiction is determined as one of type of a legal fictions, the author uses the principles of a dual approach to find specific manifestations of the legal fictions in norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal legislation.

The scientific novelty of this issue consists of generalization and presentation of specific features of the legal fictions in the foundations of constitutional system of Russia, in which are abstracts legal concepts and principles, political and ideological expression.

The relevance of the research topic lies in the fact that the Constitution of the Russian Federation in Articles 71, 72 does not include the symbols of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation both as subjects of jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and as subjects of joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and, accordingly, its own legal regulation, including the adoption of laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, a generalization of judicial practice in this area is of practical and scientific interest.

The results of the study showed that the subjects of the Russian Federation are limited in the adoption of symbols, since symbols are subject to registration in the Heraldic Council under the President of the Russian Federation, and, as the Judicial Collegium for Civil Cases of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation established: “a subject of the Russian Federation does not have the right to regulate the issue of its own symbols of state power without instructions that these symbols are established along with the symbols of state power of the Russian Federation.”

We hope that the proposed conclusions and recommendations will receive recognition from federal government bodies, government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and science.

This article is devoted to the study of the institution of procedural coercion in the jurisdictional process. The relevance of the study is caused by the law-restrictive nature of procedural coercion and the need, in view of this, to establish clear conditions and boundaries of its application, as well as the lack of a unified legislative approach to this category. The purpose of the work carried out is a comprehensive study of procedural coercion in certain types of jurisdictional processes, the establishment of general patterns in order to substantiate the general theoretical constructs of the phenomenon under consideration. The purpose of the work carried out is a comprehensive study of procedural coercion in certain types of jurisdictional processes, the establishment of general patterns in order to substantiate the general theoretical constructs of the phenomenon under consideration. The scientific and practical significance of the work was the formation of a holistic understanding of the patterns of formation of procedural coercion measures in Russian law, as well as the identification of the need to clearly consolidate a unified approach to the concept of “procedural coercion measure” in the current legislation. The authors also identified the subjects and objects of the application of procedural coercion measures, and classified them according to the degree of the role of their participation in the implementation of the goals and objectives of justice. In conclusion, the authors concluded that it is necessary to establish clear procedures for appealing procedural coercion measures as a guarantor of protection against dishonest behavior of participants in the process and access to justice.

The European Charter of Local Self-Government has long been the legal basis of local self-government in Russia. However, due to the termination of its operation in 2023, the role of Russian legislation in the field of local government will change qualitatively, which will require an assessment of its state in modern conditions. The study pays special attention to legislative innovations that resulted from amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation introduced in 2020 and, of course, affect the processes taking place at the municipal level. The analysis of the legislation showed the presence of not only a positive beginning of transformations, but also a number of problems, the study of which became the purpose of the study. The study provides an author's assessment of the complex process of regulating local self-government and individual changes in the current organization of local self-government, in particular, the transition to a single-level territorial basis. The paper suggests ways to improve the existing legal mechanism. According to the author, the transformation of local self-government is possible only with the direct preservation of a close relationship between the population and local authorities. The scientific novelty of the study is to identify shortcomings in the new legislative norms and substantiate the risks from the implementation of certain legislative provisions.

Prosecutor's supervision is an effective legal tool for identifying and eliminating violations of the rights and legitimate interests of an individual, the interests of society and the state in criminal procedural activities. The content of Article 37 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation includes a sufficient list of powers of the prosecutor in criminal proceedings. In our opinion, special attention should be paid to the supervision of the process of ensuring the safety of participants in the preliminary investigation.

As a goal, as a final result, the identification of problems and their intended solution in the process of prosecutorial supervision of the application of security measures at the stage of preliminary investigation in a criminal case is determined. The tasks are to present an analysis and comparison of legal acts (norms of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, Law No. 119-FZ, etc.) regulating the provision of state protection to participants in criminal proceedings; to determine the specifics of prosecutorial supervision over the use of security measures in a preliminary investigation. The presented analysis defines the main directions for the development and improvement of prosecutorial supervision in the field of criminal procedure. Strengthening the guarantees of the process of ensuring the safety of participants in criminal proceedings from the standpoint of the supervisory activity of the prosecutor is directly related to achieving the goal of criminal proceedings.

The main results of the research work include the definition of the main elements of the subject of prosecutorial supervision over ensuring the safety of participants at the stage of preliminary investigation.

The value of the conducted research is reflected in the originality of the formulation of the problem – the prosecutor's supervision of ensuring the security of the individual at the stage of preliminary investigation. The author's vision of the content of the subject of prosecutorial supervision in this area is formulated.

The article considers a typical criminalistic characteristic of post-criminal unlawful encroachment, which should be used to build a private criminalistic theory of ensuring the safety of participants in criminal proceedings.

The purpose of the work is to analyze post-criminal encroachment from a forensic perspective. To achieve this goal, the author solves the tasks of describing the individual elements of the characteristic under consideration and the natural relationships between them.

The main results of the study are given in the content of the article. In solving the tasks set, the author comes to the following conclusion, substantiating the value of the research: knowledge of the typical criminalistic characteristics of post-criminal unlawful encroachment will allow analyzing the main trends that determine the dynamics of the formation and manifestation of specific patterns of such encroachment in the context of countering criminal justice. This knowledge may be in demand in the criminalistic activities of a person conducting proceedings in a criminal case related to the implementation of a post-criminal unlawful encroachment.

The system of legal norms regulating the rights of the owner of an object, thing and document absorbs the norms of various branches of law: civil, administrative, criminal. Objects and documents seized and included as material evidence in a criminal case may be significant in their characteristics and properties for determining the legal owners and proprietors.

The author, based on theoretical, comparative legal and historical analysis, examines, firstly, the legislative model of normative unity in resolving the fate of objects, documents and other property.

Secondly, it shows the interrelation of legal proceedings from the point of view of optimal procedural procedures in civil and criminal proceedings when considering civil disputes about material evidence in criminal cases.

The purpose of this study is to analyze scientific opinions, legislative models and formulate conclusions on the use of intersectoral connections to effectively resolve issues regarding the fate of material evidence and the protection of the rights of owners and legal holders. In this regard, the author shows the importance of the unity of normative rules for the application and use of physical evidence in civil and criminal proceedings.

The study analyzes the current opinions of scientists on the problem of judicial law and the unity of judicial practice. The positions of scientists are consistently presented in order to show the effectiveness of the emerging concept of the unity of the regulatory framework on the fate of objects, documents and other property. Problems of seizure, arrest, storage, and use in proving material evidence in a criminal case can be covered by a system of rules of various branches of law.

The author outlines the conclusions and results of the study: firstly, he justifies the creation of an intersectoral procedural mechanism for determining the essence and meaning of document items and property from the position of the owner or legal owner; secondly, it proposes to combine a number of procedural procedures when resolving a civil dispute over the fate of material evidence; thirdly, it shows the importance of monitoring studies of law enforcement practice from the perspective of the research objectives.

The relevance of the research topic is that in jurisprudence, less attention is paid to childhood as a socio-legal phenomenon. This is justified by the fact that there is no comprehensive legal approach, although research is underway on childhood problems in various fields of social and humanitarian knowledge, theoretical material has been studied and some quotations from scientists are given. The goal is to form a holistic scientific understanding of childhood. The task is to reveal the content of childhood as an interdisciplinary category in the social sciences and humanities and branches of law. The essence and content of childhood are revealed. It is noted that there is currently no holistic understanding of the interdisciplinary approach of childhood. Gaps have been identified regarding the nature of childhood in the science of constitutional law. The scientific novelty of this article is that, being a socio-legal category, childhood was not fully considered as an interdisciplinary legal category, which, in our opinion, is the value of the conducted research.

The article evaluates the categories used in the legislation on the protection of consumer rights in relation to the participation of public associations in applying to the court for protection. The author focused on the concept of “consumer group” and correlated it with the related term “indefinite circle of consumers”. The article also analyzes the transformation of legislative norms, which influenced the structure of the subjective right to judicial protection. As a result of the study, it is noted that the discrepancy between the subject of legal regulation of legislation on the protection of consumer rights and procedural legislation has led to the distinction between the right to judicial protection of a group of consumers and the right to apply to court for such protection. The author formulated the main conclusion based on existing law enforcement practice. A group of consumers is determined by a specific unifying criterion for a certain circle of citizens entering into legal relations for the acquisition of goods, work or services with a personalized business entity.

Countering corruption has remained a priority of our state for a long period of time. Anti-corruption education is one of the activities for the prevention (prevention) of corruption. Anti-corruption education is of particular relevance in the process of educational activities, since the formation of anti-corruption values must begin from an early age, and then the future generation will grow up in a situation of non-acceptance of corruption.

The purpose of the study is to determine the role of anti-corruption education in educational organizations, as well as to determine the most effective methods of anti-corruption education.

The work made an attempt to formulate the author's concept of anti-corruption education, to determine the goals and objectives of such activities. The effectiveness of anti-corruption education in educational organizations of various levels of general and professional education depends on taking into account the age and psycho-emotional characteristics of the students, as well as the choice of methods of educational activities.

Within the framework of the study, a comprehensive analysis of the basic theoretical concepts of anti-corruption education was carried out, taking into account the latest changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as the most effective methods of anti-corruption educational activities, and this choice was justified.

Within the framework of the study, a comprehensive analysis of the basic theoretical concepts of anti-corruption education was carried out, taking into account the latest changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as the most effective methods of anti-corruption educational activities, and this choice was justified. The results obtained can be used in further theoretical studies of anti-corruption education issues, and can also be used in the process of carrying out educational activities (training and upbringing).

This article uses a praxeological methodological approach to compare general and special conditions for the emergence of legal liability. The author focused on the projection of the achievements of social philosophy in relation to theoretical and legal directions for assessing the effectiveness of certain types of responsibility. As a result, the article formulates a conclusion about the predominance of legal abstractions that predetermine the breadth of discretion of the law enforcement officer when solving the problem of the appropriateness of imposing liability measures due to a set of circumstances. They are either absent from the legislation or formulated in legal norms in a veiled manner. The dominant methods of scientific research have become formal-logical and analytical methods, as well as certain private scientific methods (legal praxeology, legal hermeneutics). These methods made it possible to assess the trends in Russian law enforcement practice that predetermine the praxeological conditions of legal liability. The author puts forward as the main conclusion the fact that, in a praxeological sense, legal responsibility should not only achieve results that are in harmony with the goals of legal regulation, but also be carried out by providing a real effect in relation to the offender.

The relevance of the research is determined by the social, economic and legal importance of supporting small and medium-sized businesses (SME) in modern conditions of civil circulation. The purpose of the study is to reveal the civil law nature of support for small and medium-sized businesses. The tasks are: analysis of the level of development of SME, determination of the functional relationship of private and public interests underlying SME support, identification of objective-subjective elements in the content of support, characterization of civil law means ensuring the development of SME. The scientific significance of the work is determined by the formation of a new civil law understanding of support for SME in the context of an instrumental approach to law. The practical significance of the presented material lies in the possibility of using the main conclusions and provisions for reforming the legal complex and practice in the field of supporting small and medium-sized businesses, with an emphasis on private legal mechanisms. The scientific novelty of the research is expressed in the disclosure of the civil law nature of SME support, the systematization of private law tools creating the conditions for the development of SME. As a result of the study, the need to strengthen civil law means of supporting SME was substantiated. The need to clarify the concept of support infrastructure for SME, with differentiation of elements (subjects, methods, procedures) is noted. Legal personality, real, obligatory, organizational and information legal means of supporting are highlighted. The specifics of each group of instruments are shown. As conclusions, the need to review the current mechanism for supporting SME was noted, with the differentiation of civil law instruments.

One of the tasks for Russia and many other states is to combat crimes related to the illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances (drugs). To ensure public safety, legislators of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus differentiate criminal legal measures aimed at improving the legal regulation of liability for crimes related to drug trafficking.

Of scientific interest is a comparative study of the provisions establishing criminal liability for crimes related to drug trafficking under the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus, which makes it possible to more effectively combat these crimes.

The article notes a fairly high level of regulation of liability for these crimes, at the same time the author substantiates proposals for improving their legislative regulation.

The goals and objectives of the scientific research are to substantiate proposals for improving criminal liability for crimes related to drug trafficking and to identify trends in judicial practice for the crimes in question in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. The author, in particular, points out that the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus provides for a more consistent differentiation of responsibility for the crimes in question; successful is the inclusion in Art. 327 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus, notes in which the basic concepts are revealed; repeated consumption of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances should not entail criminal liability in Russia.

The proposals and recommendations substantiated in this article can be used in further theoretical research, as well as in further differentiation of criminal liability for crimes related to drug trafficking.

Innovations in the criminal legislation of Russia are proposed for a more consistent differentiation of criminal liability for crimes related to drug trafficking.

The study of the legal nature of judicial and legal phenomena, which include judicial evidence, has an interdisciplinary character and is one of the problematic issues of public law procedural sciences. The conducted research is connected with the solution of several research tasks, among which is the clarification of the meaning and content of such a theoretical structure as the legal nature. Thus, the purpose of the conducted research is to comprehend and clarify the content of the concept of legal nature on the example of judicial evidence, which acts as an integral part of any type of legal proceedings. The practical aspect of the research is focused on improving the legal regulation of the phenomena of the judicial and legal sphere. The novelty of the work is expressed in the fact that the systematization and analysis of the proposed doctrinal approaches to understanding the legal nature of judicial evidence allowed the author to identify its purpose, establish signs and properties that allow it to be qualified simultaneously as a complex, intersectoral and sectoral. The value of the conducted scientific research is due to the fact that the author has substantiated the main directions that allow us to establish the uniqueness of the legal nature of judicial evidence.

The study of the goal-setting structure in municipal law-making, which, like any organized activity, has a goal orientation, is one of the urgent problems of the theory of the law-making process at all its levels. The conducted research is connected with the solution of a number of research tasks, among which is the establishment of a target aspiration for the entry into force of law-making acts of local self-government as one of the independent stages of the municipal law-making process. Thus, the purpose of the work carried out is to identify the goal-setting system inherent in the entry into force and promulgation of municipal legal acts. The practical aspect of the study is related to the improvement of the legal regulation of the municipal law-making process. The novelty of the work is expressed in the fact that the author has proved that the stage of entry into force of acts of municipal law-making is an independent stage of the municipal law-making process, since it carries general and specific goals that the author has systematized and classified. The value of the conducted scientific research is due to the fact that the author supplemented the theoretical views on the municipal law-making process in general and the stage of entry into force of municipal acts in particular.

The article deals with the correlation of conceptual approaches to the system of functions performed by a court decision when restricting constitutional rights and freedoms. The author focuses on solidaristic, positivist and sociological theories that substantiate the functional purpose of the judicial procedure for imposing restrictive measures on subjective rights. As a result, the article notes that the absence in industry or special legislation of an indication of the need for a judicial decision when restricting subjective rights cannot be considered as a legalized mechanism for the extrajudicial imposition of such restrictions. The author used general scientific (formal-logical, analytical) and private scientific methods (the method of legal modeling, the theory of constitutionalization) as the defining research methods. The main conclusion is that constitutional and legal goals and values are aimed at developing conditions for the introduction of such restrictions, therefore, in their entirety they represent a mechanism for restricting constitutional rights and freedoms based on a court decision with verification, law enforcement and protective functions.

The relevance of the topic is due to the need to establish the limits of the principle of federalism in the state-legal regulation of the entry into force of legislative acts of local self-government. The purpose and objectives of the scientific research are to identify, substantiate and form a comprehensive understanding of the interrelated universal-subject constitutional and legislative norms belonging to the institute for the delimitation of subjects of competence and powers in the Russian Federation, which structure the legal framework and determine the main content of the institute for the official publication (promulgation) of municipal legal acts. As a result of the conducted research, their author's interpretation is proposed, complementing the doctrine of acts of municipal law-making in terms of their entry into force and promulgation, the system-forming importance for the institutionalization of that group of municipal legal norms that regulates relevant public relations is established, and the legal nature of the institution of official publication (promulgation) of acts of municipal law-making is revealed. The value of the presented scientific research is expressed in the fact that the author revealed the conceptual foundations of this municipal institution, revealed its constitutional and legal foundations and their structure, established the specifics of the differentiation of subjects of competence and powers in the field of official publication (promulgation) of municipal legal acts.

The relevance of the topic is due to the specifics of labor legal relations in the field of healthcare, which in the last five to seven years have undergone a serious transformation under the influence of the introduction of information and telecommunication technologies in the process of providing medical care. The purpose and objectives of the scientific research are to consider the impact of remote technologies on the implementation of labor rights of a medical worker. The scientific and practical significance of the work lies in the analysis of labor law norms and the problems of their implementation in the field of medicine. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that it is necessary to adopt legal norms regulating the remote work of medical workers. The value and novelty of the study lies in understanding the need to adopt legal norms depending on the narrow specialization of medical workers.

The article provides an overview of the city's transport problems and possible ways to solve them. The city of Yekaterinburg is the object of consideration. The improvement of the urban transport network is the direction and condition for the implementation of strategic plans for the spatial and territorial development of the regions. Therefore, the goal is to find ways to expand the road transport infrastructure of the city of one million, which was achieved by identifying the problems of Yekaterinburg. An overview of the current situation in Yekaterinburg is based on the analysis of secondary data gleaned from open sources and the media, and measures to reduce problems are modeled on the basis of positive practices in other cities. As a result of the analysis, the authors determined that the balance in the development of the city, its infrastructure and the creation of a comfortable urban environment should be sought in the promotion of public transport, environmentally friendly and individual means of transportation, as well as in the active position of citizens, in their participation

Social networks and messengers have become full-fledged agents of socialization of children in modern digital society. The article describes the results of a sociological study aimed at analyzing the ideas of children and parents of the city of Tver about social networks and messengers. The objectives of the study were: identify the most popular social networks and messengers among parents and their children; determine attitudes towards social networks and messengers; describe parents' opinions about the main purposes of use, types of content consumed, advantages and disadvantages of social networks and messengers for their children. As a result of the study, the emotional coloring of children's use of these Internet resources was determined. The forms, types, subjects and objects of control and restrictions on the part of parents when using social networks and messengers by children are revealed. The results of the study allowed us to develop a set of recommendations for getting rid of children's dependence on social networks and messengers.

The article examines the concept of "treason", which is widespread in all historical periods of society and has a destructive effect on modern family values. The results of the interview are analyzed. The purpose of the study was the experience of finding women in the status of "mistress". The objectives of the study were: a description of their ideas about the interpretation of the concept of "betrayal"; the experience of being in the status of a "mistress"; the main motives that prompted women to become mistresses. The practical significance of the work allows us to assess the risks of being in the status of a "mistress", the pros, cons and prospects of such a relationship between a man and a woman. The results of the study reflect the personal experience of female lovers, show an example of the lack of prospects for such a relationship. The value and scientific novelty of the work are manifested in the coverage of a unique target audience of women who are in the status of "mistress" on one of the most sensitive and relevant topics of our time.

The article deals with the problem of communicative practices in cyberspace – webcam modelling, which is currently understudied. This trend illustrates current trends in online communications and is presented by its participants not only as a way of additional income that does not require serious expenses, but also as an opportunity for emotional relief and communication. The aim of the pilot-study: to examine how webcam modelling fits into modern ways of online communication in the modern world. The article is based on the materials of the pilot study, in which more than 15 interviews with models from various online-platforms were conducted. The peculiarity of the scientific approach was the consideration of webcam modelling from the communicative point of view. Webcam-modelling, formed thanks to Internet-technologies, to a certain extent creates an illusion of freedom, constructs the world of the socially excluded and thereby exposes the participants of this industry to emotional impact and reputational risks. This creates a demand for services that are not only sexual but also communicative, despite the real threats.

Within the framework of the concept of constructing social reality, this reality does not exist independently of our perception but is formed through social interactions, language, symbols, and sociocultural constructs. Our perception of society is shaped by ideas, stereotypes, cultural norms, and social institutions. The paper compares diverse responses to the same question from neural networks, enabling the observation of disparities in information interpretation and semantic construction.

The research demonstrates that neural networks become significant information sources for young people. They can engender distinct semantic constructs. Some neural networks cannot provide definite answers to certain queries, whereas others present various versions of semantic constructs. The discussion revolves around how these semantics might shape a new reality in the future and their potential impact on human perception and worldview in the decades to come.

The article presents the main models of individual needs, features and trends of the institute of tourism in the consumer society. The changeable nature of consumption indicates transformational changes in the system of individual needs. The Institute of tourism, being one of the most mobile spheres, is able to influence the system of consumer needs and values, while creating its own patterns and new personality types.

The study aims to comprehensively study and determine the key aspects of the influence of the institution of tourism on human needs. The objectives of the study include a review of scientific literature, consideration of the system of human needs, as well as the characteristics of the institution of tourism. One of the priority tasks of the research is to analyze the current state of needs and describe a new type of person.

The result of the study is to substantiate the influence of the institution of tourism both on human needs and on such social practices as social mobility and social roles. The conducted research will expand the understanding of the comprehensive influence of the institution of tourism on many areas of human life, and will introduce a vision of the current state of the individual’s system of needs.

The relevance of studying approaches to the definition of corporate culture is due to the fact that over time, the meanings that a particular phenomenon contains can change. Under the influence of various conditions and factors, the concept of "corporate culture" is also being transformed. The aim of the author is to identify relevant theoretical approaches to interpretation, as well as their practical justification. Objectives: to consider methodological approaches and reveal the essence of corporate culture, to explore its features in the group of companies in the field of aviation services. The scientific significance lies in the generalization of existing points of view regarding the identified issues. The practical one is the ability to take into account the identified characteristic elements that are not typical of other areas in working with corporate culture. Main results: a comparative analysis of approaches to understanding, which allowed to show the advantages and some disadvantages of each of them; empirical data obtained by the author, which makes it possible to note the unique components of corporate culture in the group of companies in the field of aviation services. The value of the study lies in identifying atypical characteristics of corporate culture that potentially complement and expand its resource base. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that there are no sociological studies of the phenomenon, relative to the chosen environment, thereby confirming the need to work on the problem field of interest.

Sports are an important sphere of social life, and the participation of sports referees is essential for conducting competitions, making the study of the careers of officials in various sports highly relevant. Football and its variants, such as futsal, beach football, etc., are the most popular sports worldwide. The aim of this study is to analyze the phenomenon of dual careers in the profession of futsal referees through conducting semi-structured interviews with 14 futsal referees of varying levels. The objectives of the research were to determine whether a dual career is characteristic for referees at all stages of their professional development, how the role of a sports referee is perceived: as a hobby or as a career, and to identify which events in a referee's career are perceived as significant. The findings confirm that futsal referees experience a dual career throughout their officiating activity, with the role of a sports referee being perceived as a complex category that combines elements of both a career and a hobby. As referees progress professionally, their attitude towards officiating changes depending on their career successes. Particularly significant for referees is their involvement in officiating higher-level competitions, which contributes to the perception of refereeing as a career. The value of this research lies in providing an understanding of the dynamics of dual careers of futsal referees and being the first study in Russia to shed light on this issue, which can contribute to the development of strategies for supporting and developing the professional path of sports referees.

The article presents a retrospective analysis of norm formation and ideas about social norms, deviant behavior, law and crime as a form of deviance. In deviantology, many concepts are not established, which determines the relevance of the proposed definitions and approaches. The author focused on the dualism and contextuality of social norms and deviance. The purpose of the review is to substantiate the integrative study of various manifestations of deviance and crime based on the complementarity of objectivist and subjectivist interpretations of social norms. The proposed research perspective is new. It has practically valuable heuristic potential in the study of cyberdeviance and cybercrime to improve models of social control over them in the new world.

The relevance of the topic of this work is due to the fact that in modern conditions it becomes important to increase the efficiency of the professional activities of workers «production» of synergy due to the harmonization of the will of the individual on his motivation system. The purpose of the article is the scientific justification of the «production» of synergy as a result of the harmonization of the will of the individual on his motivation system. The objectives of this work are: a) to justify the possibility of «production» of the intangible resource «synergy» in the process of professional activities of employees; b) show the prospects for harmonizing the volitional influence of the individual on his motivation system. The scientific and applied significance of this work is that the rationale for the possibility of «producing» synergy by harmonizing the volitional influence of an individual in his professional activity on his motivation system is The objectives of this work are: a) to justify the possibility of «production» of the intangible resource «synergy» in the process of professional activities of employees; b) show the prospects for harmonizing the volitional influence of the individual on his motivation The scientific and applied significance of this work is that the rationale for the possibility of «producing» synergy by harmonizing the volitional influence of an individual in his professional activity on his motivation system is presented. The study made it possible to state the existence of a real possibility of «production» of synergy and thereby increasing the efficiency of workers by harmonizing the volitional influence of the individual on his motivation system. The social significance of such harmonization has also become obvious for an employee in the non-production field. According to the authors, the scientific novelty and value of this work lies in the fact that the synergistic consequence of the harmonization of the will of the individual in his professional activities on his motivation system. The study made it possible to state the existence of a real possibility of «production» of synergy and thereby increasing the efficiency of workers by harmonizing the volitional influence of the individual on his motivation system. The social significance of such harmonization has also become obvious for an employee in the non-production field. According to the authors, the scientific novelty and value of this work lies in the fact that the synergistic consequence of harmonizing the volitional influence of an individual in his professional activity on his motivation system was not considered in domestic literature. The logic of synergy «production» presented in this work can be taken into account, for example, when organizing teamwork.

Employment is one of the main problems of persons with disabilities on the way to a full social life. Accessibility, barrier-free environment are considered by the author as synonyms and as conditions for a full and independent life of people with disabilities. The accessibility of employment largely depends on the state and NGOs that implement employment opportunities for persons with disabilities. The state of this social group, its position in the social structure of society depends on how accessible the environment is. The article attempts to combine such topical topics of social policy as an accessible environment and employment of persons with disabilities, analyzes the pilot project "Social employment of disabled people of working age". The purpose of this article is to analyze the solution to the problems of social inclusion through the availability of employment. By the method of included observation, information was collected on social employment implemented at one of the sites of St. Petersburg – the Center for Social Rehabilitation of Disabled Persons and Disabled Children.

The relevance of the study is related to the transformation of formal and informal leisure needs in the post-Soviet period of Russia’s development, when in domestic realities there is an increase in options for how young people spend their free time. The purpose of the study is to identify changes that occurred in the leisure activities of student youth in the 1990s-2000s. The content of the concept of “leisure” has been disclosed. The vectors of transformations that Russian society has encountered within the presented chronological framework are indicated. The main distinctive characteristics of the life activity of student youth are given. Based on a generalization of the results of sociological research, connections between leisure and other spheres of public life, mainly with the economy, have been identified. The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the proposal of the author's interpretation of leisure and clarification of the sociological content of changes in the leisure practices of Russian students in the 1990s-2000s, which makes it possible to identify the leading factors influencing the transformation of preferences regarding the organization of free time by representatives of this social group.

The development of digital technologies contributes to the development of scientific knowledge in various fields, including sociology. But there is a contradiction, which lies in the need to accelerate the collection and processing of sociological data while maintaining the high quality of the data obtained, as well as protection from potential risks and threats associated with the use of these technologies. This research provides a deeper understanding of how digital technologies can be integrated into traditional methods of interviewing, document analysis and surveillance. As a result, criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of digital technologies used in the collection and analysis of sociological data were determined. The main stages and procedures of the effectiveness assessment methodology are highlighted.

The relevance of the research topic lies in the authors' appeal to the problems of scientific ethics in the field of entrepreneurship, which remains a little-studied area of knowledge in modern conditions of economic development in Russia. The purpose of the presented work is to study the relationship between the ethics of science and the formal implementation of entrepreneurship, which involves solving a number of tasks, namely: determining the degree of implementation of the postulates of scientific ethics in the minds of entrepreneurs and, based on the results obtained, tracking changes taking place in the business practice of entrepreneurial communities. This is precisely the scientific and practical significance of this work: based on the theoretical approaches outlined in the works of the classics of sociology – Max Weber, Robert Merton, the researchers show the relationship of scientific ethics with politics, economics, religion – that is, those areas of social life where business, entrepreneurial activity takes place. The main results and conclusions of the research work reflected in the article follow from the results of a sociological study conducted among students of two neighboring republics – Tatarstan and Mari El. The value of the conducted research lies in identifying the positive impact of scientific ethics on the development of entrepreneurship and determining the degree of penetration of the ethics of science into the consciousness of entrepreneurs. The novelty of the undertaken research lies in the very formulation of the question: to what extent the ethics of science has penetrated into the consciousness of entrepreneurs of the two republics and addressing this issue to the advanced part of the youth – students, who will soon give not only theoretical reflections on this matter, but also actually implements the entrepreneurial skills acquired within the walls of the university.

The article contains a comparative review of a broad spectrum of existing approaches to the problem of schoolshooting. It is stated that the problem of schoolshooting requires a broader approach from sociological positions taking into account sociocultural and residential contexts. It is argued that the analysis of schoolshooting need to address the issues of sociocultural organization of young people’s social habitat. We consider schoolshooting also as an important threatening factor in the context of territorial development.

The relevance of studying the issues of organizing voluntary medical insurance is beyond doubt, since this directly meets the national development goals of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to determine the key parameters of voluntary health insurance programs as a type of non-state social security in Canada. Objectives of the study: substantiation of the choice of Canadian experience in organizing voluntary health insurance programs; comparative analysis of the parameters of specific voluntary health insurance products. The theoretical significance of the results obtained is associated with the possibility of their use in the educational process in higher and secondary vocational educational institutions. The results of the study can be applied in the activities of government bodies of the Russian Federation when modernizing state regulation of social processes. In the article, the author presents the results of an analysis of Canada's experience in the development of voluntary health insurance as a type of non-state social security. It is concluded that the prevalence of voluntary health insurance among the population in Canada is high, which is most likely associated with the wide range of products offered by various insurers. The scientific novelty of this study is due to the use of the author’s approach to disclosing the organization of voluntary health insurance in Canada against the background of poor study of the issue under consideration in domestic publications.

The relevance of this article is expressed in the need to transition from a linear economy model to a sustainable circular economy (CE) model. The circular economy model involves a modernized approach to production, consumption and business activities based on renewable solutions and business models. The purpose of the article is to outline the role of infrastructure in the design of innovation networks from the perspective of a circular economy. The essence of innovation networks is revealed, types and models of innovation networks in a circular economy are presented. A number of conditions necessary for the effective implementation of the circular economy model in innovation networks are listed. Business models of the circular economy, characteristic of a particular country, are also considered. The scientific and practical significance of the study lies in the development of a theoretical and methodological concept (model) of СЕ characteristic of innovation networks.

The development of tariff regulation bodies has an ambiguous history. The study of the formation periods reflects the peculiarities of each of them and forms a vivid idea of the work of the state in the field of tariff formation. The article examines the distinctive features of regulatory functions characteristic of planned, transitional and market economies. The main methods of price and tariff regulation affecting the effectiveness of the pricing policy in the country are analyzed. It is necessary to concentrate work in the field of tariff regulation and endow functions and powers of a single executive authority in order to ensure the effectiveness of the entire tariff and pricing system in the country.

In the context of global challenges, it is crucial for the state to strike a balance between addressing operational tasks and funding strategic priority programs on a long-term basis. When implementing fiscal stimulus policies, the free fiscal space becomes the source. The concept of fiscal space can be revealed through different approaches to its definition and assessment, such as through indicators of public debt. High levels of public debt can limit a country's ability to pursue macroeconomic and financial stability and restart economic growth after a recession. The scientific importance of the study lies in the systematic organization of theoretical approaches to understanding the content of fiscal space in terms of indicators of public debt. The practical significance of the study resides in the potential to choose different methods for creating and assessing fiscal space. This study highlights the tools for managing fiscal space, factors that contribute to its formation, and mechanisms for adjusting fiscal space.The value of this research lies in its ability to provide a systematic understanding of the concept of "fiscal space", in conjunction with indicators for assessing debt sustainability, as well as strategic planning, the implementation of program targets, and tools for managing budget expenditures.

The article is devoted to the problem of protecting confidential patient information stored in electronic form. The use of modern technologies for processing and storing patient data inevitably jeopardizes their safety and confidentiality. The relevance of this study lies in the rapid increase in the percentage of crimes using information and digital technologies and the lack of significant positive dynamics in their detection rate. The article discusses indicators based on both domestic statistics and data from foreign countries. The existing problems in the complexity of investigating this type of crime and possible ways to solve them are presented.

The article is devoted to the consideration of various aspects of the forms of realizing of the right to work. Given the dynamic nature of the modern labor market and the constant development of technology, the analysis of forms of employment is a relevant area of scientific research. The purpose of the work is to characterize various forms of realization of the right to work and assess their impact on socio-economic processes. The article defines the forms of realization of the right to work and examines traditional and atypical forms of employment. The results and conclusions of the study indicate the need to balance between guaranteed social protection of workers and flexibility in the legal regulation of labor. The article notes the need to adapt labor legislation to the challenges of the transforming labor market.

The relevance of the article is due to the need to explore the trade and technological processes of the institutional sector of B2C e-commerce. The article examines the transformational processes characterizing the development of the B2C e-commerce model: the transformation of logistics processes, the advantages and disadvantages of using the infrastructure of the Internet platform. The purpose of the study is to identify trends in the transformational processes of e-commerce. The main results of the work include the justification of the directions of transformation of business processes of the B2C e-commerce model. The scientific novelty of the study is to identify the advantages for each subject of the B2C e-commerce model in the context of business process transformation.

The author of the article examines the problems of integration of legal norms governing the modernization of healthcare using artificial intelligence technologies in the Russian Federation. The strategic directions of the legal policy of the Russian state in medicine are highlighted, which are relevant today for protecting the health of citizens. The legal problems of artificial intelligence “bias” are considered. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that there is a need for government control over the implementation of information technologies in healthcare in order to improve the quality of medical care for the patient.

The proposed work deals with the fundamentally important for criminal law, and for society as a whole, the problem of preserving and applying the death penalty for some especially serious crimes committed in wartime. It is noted that the appeal to the study of the death penalty, its role in the system of measures to combat crime is periodically updated in connection with various socio-political events. One of them is a special military operation. It is emphasized that the problem of the death penalty has a religious, moral, political dimension, is rooted in the people's sense of justice about justice. Therefore, it seems that the assertion that, allegedly, the legal consciousness of the population lags behind the legal consciousness of the legislator is not fully verified.

The article provides a historical-legal and comparative-legal analysis of the legislative regulation of the death penalty for crimes committed in wartime. It is pointed out that if the death penalty should not be applied in the peaceful, favorable social development of the country, then in wartime the degree of public danger of the corresponding range of crimes that entail numerous victims, including among the civilian population, immeasurably increases. It is proposed to provide for the death penalty for a terrorist act, treason, sabotage, resulting in the death of people, encroachment on the life of the head – the commander of a military unit.