The relevance of the article is determined by the strong cooperation between China and Russia in the technological sphere. The development of technological sovereignty is an important strategic priority for China. The purpose of the article is to analyze China's experience in building technological sovereignty. The tasks of the study are the analysis of scientific works of Russian scientists who studied the issues of ensuring technological sovereignty and economic security, the analysis of regulatory legal acts and programs of the People's Republic of China that promote the development of technological sovereignty. The practical significance of the study includes consideration of modern approaches in industrial policy. The analysis of the Chinese government's approach to ensuring technological security in the national industry has shown that in recent decades the country has been laying the foundations for strengthening technological sovereignty: it mobilizes its own resources for national technological and industrial development; it actively supports high-tech sectors of the economy.

The relevance of the study of the issues of financial support for free provision of medical care to citizens in the Russian Federation is beyond doubt, since it directly meets the national development goals of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to identify current problems of the movement of funds between the budgets of compulsory medical insurance funds and to develop ways to solve them in the Russian Federation. Research objectives: to assess the volumes of funds provided from the budget of the Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund to the budgets of territorial compulsory medical insurance funds, to identify problems in providing subsidies for compulsory medical insurance and in the implementation of interterritorial settlements, and to develop ways to solve them. The results of the study can be applied in the activities of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, the Government of Russia, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation when developing measures to improve the financial support for free medical care to citizens. The theoretical significance of the results obtained is determined by the potential possibility of their application in other scientific research and in the educational process on the modernization of the system of financing free medical care to citizens. The scientific novelty of this study is associated with the author's approach to identifying current problems of the movement of funds between the budgets of compulsory medical insurance funds and developing ways to solve them in the Russian Federation.

The relevance of the study of the demographic development of the Russian Federation is beyond doubt, as it directly meets the national development goals of the Russian Federation and the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to prepare a financial justification for current trends in demographic processes in the Russian Federation. Research objectives: to determine demographic processes, strategically assess their impact on population change, and, using the birth and mortality rates as an example, prepare a financial justification for current trends in demographic processes in the Russian Federation. The results of the study can be applied in the activities of government bodies of the Russian Federation in the modernization of state regulation of demographic processes. The theoretical significance of the results obtained is associated with the possibility of their use in the educational process in higher and secondary vocational educational institutions. The scientific novelty of this study is associated with the author's approach to the study of financial aspects of current trends in demographic processes in the Russian Federation.

The paper presents an assessment of the opportunities and prospects for the development of the new university campus from the point of view of various stakeholders in the region. A variant of tactical directions for the development of the campus until the completion of the construction of the second stage of buildings has been formulated. Problem areas that can slow down the implementation of the strategic vision of the campus in the system of the region and its educational environment are identified. Based on the analysis of promising directions for the development of education and the region, highlight a list of activities that will ensure the preparation of the subjects of the new campus of the university to implement its strategic role. Main research methods: document analysis, surveys of possible external stakeholders interested in campus development. The assessment shows that the consistent implementation of the program for the construction and development of the new university campus (as well as other participants in the project to create new world-class campuses in the country), which does not consider the demands of stakeholders and changing environmental conditions, can slow down the achievement of target indicators and the new role of universities in the educational and socio-economic space of the region and country. The delay in the planned result of the construction of the Campus requires prompt and flexible measures to integrate it into the public life of the region.

The relevance of the study is due to the importance of choosing, maintaining or adjusting the development priorities of the territory in conditions of economic and financial instability. The set of development priorities may be subject to negative external influences, which requires appropriate decisions and leads to certain financial consequences.

The purpose of the research is to justify the financial implications of choosing a particular option for managing the development priorities of the territory and to assess the preference for choosing a specific option. The objectives of the research are determination of a set of options for managing development priorities; expanded interpretation of the content of each option; assessment of consequences when choosing a management option for the budgets of the territories.

The scientific and practical significance of the research consists of the possibility of developing approaches to managing territorial development based on a set of management options and assessing their financial consequences, of developing and clarifying the content of planned and forecast documents in the regions and municipalities of the Russian Federation taking into account the expected financial consequences of choosing one of the options.

According to the results of the research, it was proved that maintaining the selected development priorities with appropriate financial support is the most promising option, ensuring the previously determined pace of territorial development, but at the same time characterized by high risks with a possible shortage of financial resources. The choice of options involving the adjustment of priorities with a revision of funding, or the rejection of previously established priorities, are more critical for the territory in terms of solving pressing problems, but at the same time involving more significant savings in financial resources and the possibility of their further redistribution to more significant areas.

The scientific novelty of the work lies in the comprehensive justification of options for managing the priorities of the development of territories based on a combination of approaches of the regional economy and financial science.

In modern realities, the problem of maintaining economic security is relevant for all States without exception and is directly related to their preservation of sovereignty and subjectivity. For Russia, this process is burdened with significant additional costs of the economic war declared by the collective West in 2022, and in order to effectively solve the problem of achieving an acceptable level of economic security, a nationwide three-tier system has been created in the country, of which the subjects of the Russian Federation are a key part. Within the limits of the powers granted by Russian legislation, the regional authorities, through the mechanism they have created, implement their own policy in this area, having a significant impact on the state of national economic security. The disclosure of the stated topic will reveal the role and importance of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the process of ensuring economic security and qualitatively improve the efficiency of public administration. Applying an evidence-based approach, the article classifies threats to the economic security of regional socio-economic systems, defines mechanisms and tools for solving problems to effectively counter them. Using factor analysis, the paper substantiates the need for an integrated approach to solving the problems of ensuring regional economic security, assuming that the subjects of the Russian Federation have their own strategies and concepts, as well as an appropriate regulatory framework.

The state of scientific and technological development of the country determines the protection of its national interests from external threats, and therefore, the purpose of the work is to analyze the main indicators characterizing the scientific potential of Russia. The analysis of statistical data on the scientific and technological development of the country in recent years has revealed a number of features inherent in Russia: the basis of the scientific sector consists of independent research organizations, separate from production and education; insufficiently developed "branded" science; The raw materials sector is one of the main customers of innovative developments. As a result of the work done, the negative dynamics of a decrease in human resources in scientific and technological development and the still existing reserve in certain areas of science and technological developments have been revealed. In this regard, it is proposed to form a system of interconnected entities that ensure interaction with representatives of government, business and the scientific community.

The development of the national economic system in general and industrial development in particular are determined by the current conditions and factors of transformation of the world economy, factors of globalization and regionalization in the modern world. The purpose of the study is to consider the features of the industrial development of the Russian economy in the process of transformation of the geopolitical realities of the modern world, which requires solving the tasks of identifying new opportunities for industrial development and analyzing the emerging constraints in ensuring the growth of the effectiveness of industrial policy implementation. The study identifies the factors and conditions of industrial development in the Russian economy. The algorithm for considering the factors of industrial development requires a general comprehensive assessment of internal and external factors, which will improve the effectiveness of the implementation of industrial policy and industrial development programs in the national economy.

In modern conditions, the use of digital technological solutions, along with the ongoing digital transformation in the Russian economy, is becoming a key factor in the sustainable development of the tourism services market, which in turn will improve the quality of services provided, the quality of service and customer satisfaction. The purpose of the study is to examine the specifics of the impact of digital technologies on the tourism services market, as well as to identify key digital tools and technologies. As part of the study, the degree of influence of digital technologies on the tourist services market was determined, the main statistical indicators of the tourist services market were analyzed, and the structure of the digital economic system of the tourist services market automating business processes was proposed. The significance of the study is determined by the possibility of increasing the efficiency of travel companies and improving the quality of tourist services, which will contribute to the growth of tourist flow through the use of modern digital technologies.

The relevance of the research topic is related to the growing threats of weakening Russia's technological sovereignty due to international sectoral sanctions that hinder the innovative development of the economy. In the current conditions of incessant attempts at international isolation of the country, the main source of innovation generation is the internal intellectual capital, and the mechanism for its productive use is the functioning of the subjects of the innovative infrastructure of industry.

The purpose and objectives of scientific research. Based on the above, the author identified as the purpose of the scientific research the study of the role of subjects of the innovative infrastructure of the Russian industry in ensuring the technological sovereignty of the country. To achieve this goal, the author formulated the following tasks: a critical review and summary of information about the existing system of functioning of innovation infrastructure entities in Russia and an assessment of its strengths and weaknesses in comparison with the world leaders of the innovation market (China, USA, EU); analysis of the dynamics of the development of subjects of the innovative infrastructure of industry according to quantitative and qualitative criteria; formation of the author's vision of the prospects for the development of subjects of the innovative infrastructure of industry, taking into account current challenges (threats) and opportunities.

Description of the scientific and practical significance of the work. The scientific significance of the publication is expressed in the development of knowledge about the existing model of functioning of the subjects of the innovative infrastructure of industry, its strengths and weaknesses, obtained during the comparative analysis. The practical significance of the scientific work lies in the formation of author's recommendations to increase the contribution of such entities to the innovative development of the country and the operational efficiency of their functioning.

The main results and conclusions of the research work. According to the results of the scientific research, it was found that there is no unified interpretation of the terms "innovative infrastructure" and "technological sovereignty", which indicates the prospects for further research in this direction. Based on the results of the comparative analysis, conclusions were drawn about the strengths and weaknesses of the Russian model of functioning of innovative infrastructure entities and author's proposals for its development and improvement were developed.

The value of the conducted research. The significance of the study is determined by the possibility of using innovative infrastructure entities in specific strategies for the development of Russian industries, taking into account national goals and interests of import substitution and strengthening technological sovereignty.

The article provides a review of research on the issues of digital transformation of the industrial sector, including the area related to the digitalization of small and medium-sized industrial enterprises. The directions of influence of digital transformation on innovation processes in small and mediumsized enterprises of the industrial sector in the system of their interaction with large businesses and the state are considered. The features of the Industry 4.0 concept are identified and the main factors influencing the processes of innovative development of small and medium-sized industrial companies and the formation of strategies for their interaction with large businesses on issues of production and technological cooperation in the context of digitalization are systematized. Among these factors, “servitization” is considered, implying a transition to a service economy; technologies that are currently being most actively introduced into industrial production; and new institutional mechanisms to support the technological and innovative development of small and medium-sized businesses. An assessment was made of the level of implementation of artificial intelligence and Internet of Things technologies in the industrial sector of Russia. And directions for improving state policy to support innovative and technological entrepreneurship in the context of promoting the formation of cooperative ties in industry between large and small enterprises are proposed.

The article presents the data obtained based on the results of the research that confirm the hypothesis put forward about the composition of the system of institutions that manage the development of enterprises of the fuel and energy complex of the Russian Federation and their role in achieving a high level of scientific and technological development of the state. The relevance of the study is due to the need to adapt to modern challenges, including global changes in the energy sector and requirements for sustainable development. In the conditions of economic transformation and growing competition in international markets, effective management of the fuel and energy complex becomes a key factor for ensuring the energy security of the country. The aim of the research is to analyse the existing institutions of fuel and energy complex management and develop recommendations for their improvement. The objectives of the study include analysing and assessing the current state of governance, identifying problems and shortcomings in the existing systems, and formulating proposals for the introduction of new management practices and mechanisms. The scientific significance of the work lies in the systematisation of knowledge about the mechanisms and system of institutions of fuel and energy complex management, which can become the basis for further research and practical applications in the field of energy policy of the Russian Federation. The practical value of the study consists in the development of recommendations for government agencies and enterprises of the fuel and energy complex, aimed at optimising management and improving the efficiency of resource use. The assessments made are based on the application of general scientific research methods. The results obtained from the research can be applied for further development of strategic management of fuel and energy complex enterprises of the Russian Federation.

This article examines the possibility of expanding the fiscal space of budgets of constituent entities of the Russian Federation by optimizing regional tax expenditures. The study includes an assessment of the comparability and proportionality of the volume of tax expenditures and the corresponding budgetary and socio-economic indicators of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The scientific significance of the study lies in determining the methodological approaches to the relationship between the concepts of tax expenditures and fiscal space for regional budgets.

The practical significance of the study includes an assessment of regional tax expenditures for the period from 2019 to 2026, based on the results of which proposals were formed to expand the fiscal space of regional budgets if such an opportunity is provided for by ineffective benefits or preferences.

The value of the study lies in the implementation of a comprehensive assessment of tax expenditures as a tool for expanding the fiscal space of budgets of constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

High variability of the economic environment parameters forms special requirements to the national economy management, requiring compliance with the stages and conditions of adaptation. The task of the state is to identify the sources of growth that cause intensive development of the national economy as a whole, which includes the IT industry.

Scientific novelty lies in the study of adaptation aspects (process, result, ability and readiness), the specifics of digital adaptation of the economy through the response to the factors of opportunities and threats, positioning and analyzing the sequence of stages of adaptation. The scientific significance of the study lies in analyzing the stages of adaptation of the national economy through the development of the IT industry in the relationship with the factors of threats and opportunities.

Practical significance is associated with the establishment of interrelationships between the identified stages of adaptation, assessment of their manifestation in regulatory documents.

The scale and speed of changes in the economic environment make it necessary to intensify the adaptation of individual industries and the economy as a whole. The IT industry in its change brings a wide range of opportunities for the development of national production. The analysis of the content and implementation of the national program "Digital Economy" will characterize the course of digital adaptation through its types, stages and assessment of the impact of the IT-industry on the economic system as a whole.

The scientific significance lies in the study of stages and types of digital adaptation based on the analysis of the national program "Digital Economy".

The practical significance of the study is related to the assessment of IT industry performance indicators in the application to the analysis of digital adaptation directions.

In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Russia is a mixed presidential-parliamentary republic with fairly broad powers of the head of state in terms of determining the strategy and tactics of the state's socio-economic policy, as well as setting strategic goals for the country's development. At the same time, the electoral legislation of the Russian Federation presupposes the existence of electoral procedures in the formation of legislative authorities and the head of state, whose election is key to the federal election cycle and has a dominant influence on the process of determining the vector of development of the country in all spheres of public life. At the same time, there is a steady trend of increasing the impact of the electoral process on current state policy, since competing political agents in the struggle for votes are forced to offer the society the most attractive electoral programs that meet the current needs of the majority of Russians, which subsequently commit themselves to implement the entire period of their powers, thereby actually launching the mechanism of transformation of the people's will into normative legal acts defining the current state socio-economic policy. The disclosure of the stated topic will make it possible to determine the basic principles and algorithms of the above-mentioned mechanism and improve the quality and relevance of the process of forming federal development programs, as well as maximally harmonize public requests with decisions and actions of the state administration apparatus. Applying factor analysis, economic, mathematical and statistical methods, the article analyzes the attitudes and messages laid down in Decree No. 309, as well as assesses their potential impact on the process of socio-economic development of Russia in the short term. Based on an evidence-based approach, the paper substantiates the positive role of Decree No. 309 on the planning and socio-economic development of Russia.

The paper notes that the establishment of a public danger of an act necessitates the regulation of its prohibition, that is, its criminalization, as well as the differentiation of criminal liability. The main and cross-cutting criteria are its nature and degree. It is indicated that if the criteria of the nature and the average degree of public danger of an act should be taken into account when criminalizing it, then an increased or, conversely, a reduced degree of public danger should be taken into account when differentiating criminal liability. Some features of the nature and degree of public danger of environmental crimes are revealed and an insufficient level of criminal law protection of the environment and its individual components is noted.

Identification and systematization of criteria for the nature and typical degree of public danger of environmental crimes are of fundamental importance for deepening criminalization and differentiation of criminal liability and, accordingly, for solving the tasks of criminal legislation.

The article analyzes the practice of constitutional (statutory) regulation of the issues of interaction between regional public authorities and public associations in the field of law-making. The conducted research required the resolution of several tasks, including the establishment of the influence of the principle of separation of powers in the process of their interaction, as well as the definition of the mechanism of realization of the right of legislative initiative by public associations, which constitutes its content. The purpose of the study is the general characterization of the right of legislative initiative as a way to harmonize the interests of state and public institutions. The practical aspect of the conducted work is to identify the peculiarities of fixing the legislative initiative as a means of interaction between public authorities and public associations. The novelty of the research is expressed in the fact that the differences between the right of legislative initiative and the right of law-making initiative of public associations have been established and substantiated. The value of the conducted scientific research is conditioned by the fact that the author proposed their new understanding.

The emergence of a new principle in domestic criminal proceedings is an extremely rare phenomenon. The initial principles of procedural activity in a criminal case have been formed conservatively and in a traditional form for decades. The consolidation in the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation of the reasonableness of the term of criminal proceedings fully corresponds to modern ideas about criminal procedural activity. The article attempts to consider the main prerequisites for the emergence of this principle as an important guarantee of the rights and legitimate interests of the individual, the interests of Russian society and the state. The purpose of the scientific research is formulated, which is expressed in determining the grounds and analyzing the gradual creation of prerequisites for the formation of the reasonableness of the term of criminal proceedings as an independent principle of the Russian criminal process. The tasks are defined in identifying the specified prerequisites for the formation of the principle of reasonableness of the terms of the criminal process by comparing and comparing legal acts during the Soviet and post-Soviet period of the development of the criminal process. The scientific significance is expressed in the author's vision of the prerequisites for the appearance of the specified initial beginning of criminal procedural activity in a certain historical section (period). The practical significance of the study can be expressed in the possible use of the results in the law enforcement practice of the activities of the criminal prosecution bodies of the participants by the defense and the court. The main stages of the development of domestic criminal proceedings have been identified, during which there was a gradual formation of the legislator's conviction in the need to consolidate the principle of reasonableness of the term of criminal proceedings in criminal procedure legislation based on the practice of international judicial authorities and justification in the theory of criminal procedure science. The value of the conducted research is expressed in determining the main historical periods of the development of criminal procedural prerequisites for the formation of reasonable deadlines as a fundamental, initial beginning of the modern Russian criminal process.

Criminal law and criminal procedure methods of regulation in the resolution of criminal law conflicts are becoming increasingly important. Among them, the theory of compromise as a basis and a new paradigm for resolving criminal law conflict attracts attention. The need for encouragement in Russian legislation is possible in exchange for positive post-criminal behavior of the perpetrator, stimulation as a method of motivation. In order to move to a new paradigm of the use of conciliation (contractual) forms in criminal and criminal procedure law, dispositivity should be developed as a method and principle of legal regulation of the resolution of criminal law conflicts.

The purpose of the study is to study the compromise mechanism, as well as possible directions for further improvement of such alternative proceedings in order to quickly resolve the criminal law conflict.

The scientific significance of the work lies in the fact that it reveals the main methods of criminal and criminal procedural regulation in the form of dispositivity, discretionary prosecution, mediation, and principles of justice.

The authors formulate the conclusions and results of the study, namely, an algorithm for reaching a compromise linking mutual rights and obligations is proposed. In order to protect the public interest and stimulate positive post-criminal behavior of the person who committed the crime, it is necessary to implement an algorithm for achieving and implementing a compromise. The proposed compromise is to maximize the stimulation of the post-criminal behavior of the person who committed the crime in exchange for concessions from the investigating authorities.

Currently, there is an increase in crimes in the field of illegal arms trafficking in the Russian Federation, more than half of them belong to the category of serious and especially serious. The aim is to develop measures to counteract this negative phenomenon. The tasks are: to identify problems that arise when studying the issues of involving a person in a combination of crimes with related compounds and simultaneously committing actions by a person to acquire, store, carry, transfer and transport firearms, their parts and ammunition; the study of voluntary surrender, the incorrect interpretation of which may lead to a possible refusal to release from criminal liability consideration of the issues of quantitative characteristics of the subjects of crimes in the field of illegal arms trafficking, which can be used both as qualifying signs and as a basis for recognizing an act as insignificant. The scientific and practical significance is due to the fact that the authors have identified gaps in the current legislation in the field of illegal arms trafficking. The main results were proposals for changes and additions. The value of the conducted research lies in the possibility of increasing the effectiveness of countering crimes in the field of illegal arms trafficking.

In the context of the modern global economy, international cargo transportation is acquiring the status of a key element of the economic system of the Russian Federation. Analysis of regulatory legal acts allows us to identify differences in the interpretation of the concept of international transportation in relation to individual modes of transport. In modern conditions, there is an urgent need to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the legal regulation of international cargo transportation both at the supranational and at the intrastate levels. The purpose of this article is to analyze the concept and features of international cargo transportation. The scientific significance of the work lies in the consideration of approaches to the definition of this term in international and national legislation, as well as in scientific literature, highlighting the key characteristics of international cargo transportation, including its cross-border nature, participation of several states and the application of international law. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the results of the study can be used to determine the legal conditions for the implementation of international cargo transportation. In addition, the author's definition of international cargo transportation is proposed, the need for further unification of legal regulation in the field of international cargo transportation is substantiated. Based on the results obtained, the following conclusions were made: international transportation of goods is the transportation of material assets using one or more modes of transport, in which the point of departure and the point of destination are located in the territories of different states, or the transportation is carried out in transit through the territory of a third state, provided that such transportation is regulated by the norms of international law and/or international agreements.

The implementation of public-private partnership (РРР) projects for the digitalization of public administration is associated with certain problems and risks. Templates and developments in the field of PPP previously formed in related industries are not effective when it comes to the digitalization of public administration. The peculiarities of the development of the PPP institution in the implementation of IT projects in the public sector are of interest. The results of studying this issue reflect the problems and risks that become barriers to the development of the PPP institution in the IT sector. The practice of overcoming these problems in Russia has not yet been developed.

The article is devoted to the study of the genesis of criminal prohibitions in an axiological context. The relevance of the article is determined by the significance of criminal prohibitions in ensuring national security, law and order in Russia. The purpose of the article is to comprehensively study the genesis of the criminal prohibition as a means of legal regulation of social relations in the historical and sociocultural context. Based on the adaptation of the theory of cultural criminology by J. Farrell to the study of the formation and functioning of primary prohibitions, the article concludes that the genesis of criminal prohibitions occurred in the process of sociocultural evolution and was determined by the value systems of public consciousness.

Relatively recently, a new norm was introduced into the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation (Article 210.1), providing for responsibility for occupying the highest position in the criminal hierarchy. The doctrine lacks an unambiguous approach to its interpretation, and some scientists even criticize the legislative model of describing this crime. The purpose of the study is to disclose in detail the objective and subjective features of the considered corpus delicti, which is achieved by solving such tasks as determining the semantic meaning of the word «occupation» and its interpretation in art. 210.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, revealing the content of the status of «the highest position in the criminal hierarchy». The author, based on the established judicial practice, gives a criminal-legal description of the analyzed corpus delicti, as well as evaluates the quality of its legal technique.

Protection of the rights of municipalities that own property plays an important role at the municipal level of government due to the fact that, for example, when disposing of property, various legal disputes may arise regarding their rental or sale. The purpose of the study is to determine the purpose of using municipal property based on the identified criteria. The objectives of the study include an analysis of the norms of Russian legislation related to the protection of the rights of municipalities and the identification of a number of key problems on the issue considered by the author.

The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that with the help of protecting the rights of municipalities, in practice it is possible to effectively resolve legal disputes, including with the help of proposals outlined by the author.

The main results of the study are the identification of possible solutions and the introduction of some proposals for improving Russian legislation at the municipal level of government.

The relevance of the research topic is due to the insufficient theoretical elaboration of the category of extinguishing statute of limitations in the context of its widespread legislative application.

The purpose of the study is to determine the legal nature of the extinguishing statute of limitations. The objectives are: analysis of the proposed theoretical definition of extinguishing limitation; analysis of the signs of extinguishing limitation as a legal construct, as well as identification and disclosure of its elements.

The scientific significance of the work lies in the potential use of its results by scholars as a necessary foundation for further theoretical developments in the field of extinguishing limitation. The practical significance of the work lies in addressing many problematic issues related to the correct application of the extinguishing statute of limitations in practice, which can certainly be used by lawyers in their professional activities.

Based on the results of the conducted research, the author proposes a definition of extinguishing limitation; emphasizes the need to distinguish two main types of extinguishing statute of limitations: regulatory and protective; and analyzes the elements of the legislative structure of the regulatory extinguishing limitation of the exclusive right to a trademark.

The value of the presented research lies in the comprehensive actualization of the issues related to of extinguishing limitation as an important legal phenomenon with broad practical application.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the evolutionary development of the institution of promulgation and entry into force of municipal legal acts. The conducted research required the resolution of several tasks, including the establishment of continuity links between the legislative norms governing the entry into force of acts of municipal law-making, as well as the sources of their content. Thus, the purpose of the study is to identify and systematize the main stages of the formation and development of the norms of the institution of official publication (publication) of municipal legal acts in the Russian Federation. The novelty of the research is expressed in the fact that the systematization of the norms governing the entry into force of municipal legal acts has been carried out, the grounds and conditions for their unification into a single institutional formation have been identified. The value of the conducted research lies in the fact that the author has established a general and special in the regulation of relations on the official publication and entry into force of municipal legal acts at each of the identified stages of its evolution.

The article examines the problems of prosecutorial supervision in the field of environmental protection, analyzes the practice of prosecutorial supervision, identifies typical violations of laws encountered during prosecutorial inspections, and evaluates the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the activities of prosecutorial authorities in this area. Based on an analysis of the current legislation and the practice of the prosecutor's office, it was concluded that the problems faced by the current environmental protection system are interdepartmental in nature, since the control and elimination of identified violations is the responsibility of several government authorities and control bodies in the field of environmental protection. To solve these problems, it is necessary to unite joint activities under the leadership of a coordinating center, which today is the prosecutor's office. Currently, there is a legislative need to consolidate the concept of coordination activities to ensure environmental safety and its legal regulation, to expand the composition of subjects of coordination activities, to include representatives of state authorities, local governments, and regulatory authorities.

Franchising is one of the most common ways of doing business, having a wide range of applications and affecting various aspects of life. The international expansion of franchising relations encourages legislators from different countries to reconsider the models of their legal regulation. The Netherlands has followed the path of legislative consolidation of franchise relations, to a greater extent, giving them an imperative character. The purpose of the research is to identify the key aspects of franchising regulation in the Netherlands, its stages of reform: from self-regulation to the adoption of a special law on franchising. The purpose of the scientific research determines its tasks: to reveal the stages of reforming the regulation of franchising relations and their content; to consider the conceptual apparatus according to the Dutch Franchise Code and the Franchise Law; to determine the legal status of franchising participants and the specifics of their relationships; to analyze the content of the pre-contractual and post-contractual stages of franchising as the main directions of regulation of this market segment.

The practical significance of this study lies in studying the experience of legal regulation of franchise relations, its individual elements, identifying positive and negative aspects of their enforcement. The main conclusions drawn in this article can be used in the framework of improving Russian legislation, and, in particular, Chapter 54 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Firstly, it has been established that the regulation of declarative norms of franchise relations by various associations of a national and international nature in the Netherlands has a complex system and does not fully protect the rights and interests of their participants. Secondly, it was revealed that the regulation of franchise relations based solely on the general provisions of contract law is reduced to the application of general legal principles of reasonableness and fairness, which, in the context of market transformation, creates ambiguity in law enforcement practice. Thirdly, it is shown that the legislator of the Netherlands took the path of refusing to regulate the main part of contractual relations, fixing provisions relating only to various stages of franchising, which generally corresponds to world practice.

The article discusses the methodological foundations of conducting a sociological study of the complex multidimensional phenomenon of "happiness". The purpose of the study is to analyze the problem of developing the methodology of this complex socio-cultural phenomenon. The authors highlight the main theoretical provisions of the conceptual concept of "happiness", and also substantiate the inclusion of methods of system analysis in the methodology of happiness research. The article presents the results of an empirical study of youth's ideas about happiness conducted in different years. The authors analyze dilemmas in the choice of methodological principles. The results of the study make a scientific contribution to the study of complex and meaning-forming value categories. The practical significance lies in the application of the research results to explain the behavioral models of young people, the development of indicators reflecting the value system of a social group.

The dynamics of the formation of non-profit organizations in the USSR and Russia, as organizations that originally help needy groups of the population, is considered. The results of a sociological study in the Tver region are presented in order to analyze the activities of socially oriented non-profit organizations in the Tver region. The majority of respondents revealed a lack of personal experience of interacting with socially oriented non-profit organizations. The main reasons for contacting such organizations are assistance, charity, and health support. Opinions on the relevance of such organizations with their financing from the state budget are revealed. The low level of readiness of the population to participate in the activities of non-profit organizations has been determined. Increasing government funding and raising public awareness are recognized as the most effective measures to attract people to participate in the activities of socially oriented non-profit organizations.

The results of this study can be used to build a more effective support system for socially oriented nonprofit organizations and develop measures to involve the population in their activities.

The dynamics of the development of family values from ancient times to the present, which shape the demographic behavior of young people, is considered. The results of a sociological study in the Konakovsky district of the Tver region are presented, the purpose of which is to analyze the causes and consequences of the decline of the institution of family and family values in Russian society. The study presents an interpretation of the concept of "family" for young people. The foundations of the formation of a family union, the main importance of the family as a legally formed union are revealed. The associations of the definition of "family" with love, loyalty, comfort, and respect are defined. The most important family values have been established: moral, family lifestyle, birth and upbringing of children. The opinions of young people about the purpose of the family for the state and society in the form of procreation are established. The results of the study can be used to build an effective educational and demographic policy for young people.

This article presents a retrospective analysis of the social activity of the national communities of the city of Novorossiysk, which play a significant role in consolidating public and personal resources in creating a "new landscape" of the city, focused on maximum involvement of the population in the creation of socio-cultural, educational and economic infrastructure based on the principles of unity and tolerance, understanding and acceptance of the polyethnicity and polyconfessionality of Novorossiysk.

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the multiculturalism of territorial communities determines certain challenges to the socio-economic development of specific territories and society as a whole, and sets the regions the task of building consensual interaction with ethnic groups aimed at ensuring the consolidation of regional and all-Russian social and socio-cultural space.

As the main goal, the authors identified the analysis of the work of national communities at the level of the city of Novorossiysk as a component of national policy. The study of the activities of communities at the present stage demonstrates a significant level of their socially useful activity; the practice of not only preserving the historical and cultural heritage of their ethnic groups, but also extensive educational work among young people, is strategically important in strengthening the solidarity of city residents.

The role and place of national communities in the public life of Russian regions undoubtedly have their own specifics. The city of Novorossiysk, having its own experience of accepting and adapting various diasporas, is no exception.

Description of the scientific and/or practical significance of the work, the value of the conducted research.

The practical significance of this study lies in the implementation of its results in the practical activities of national communities, in particular in the city of Novorossiysk. In turn, the scientific significance of the topic of this research is due to its importance for the Russian Federation as a multinational and multi-religious state, is naturally important and should be studied in both historical, sociological and interdisciplinary contexts.

This topic requires in-depth study, since its results can contribute to effective interaction between different ethnic and religious groups, as well as strengthening social cohesion in the region.

Research interest in the inclusive economy is due to the transformation of the global socio-political landscape, the intensity of migration processes, and changes in the socio-demographic structure. Trust is the fundamental basis of inclusive processes. Of particular interest are reputational mechanisms for the formation of trust. The purpose of the study is to analyze and typologize reputational mechanisms for the reproduction of trust. The conditions for the functioning of these mechanisms in an inclusive economy are described. The scientific significance of the study lies in the conceptualization of the category of inclusive economy, the development of a typology of mechanisms depending on the type of stakeholder (formative/ external, supporting/internal), the degree of planning of actions to form reputational capital by the subject (reactive, strategic, adaptive). The practical significance is that the study creates a methodological basis for assessing the reputational mechanisms of trust in economic entities. The value of the study is determined by the correspondence of the topic to current modern needs for ensuring sustainable development and inclusion.

At present, the virtual environment, which has a significant power of influence on contemporary youth, determines the diversity of digital activity practices realized by representatives of young generations in everyday format, which determines the relevance and demand for sociological diagnostics of this direction. The purpose of this study is to identify the specifics of youth actions in the global information space and to determine the motivating factors of their active participation in online practices.

The scientific and practical significance of the study lies in the fact that in the conditions of the new digital paradigm, which largely determines the life orbit of young generations, it is necessary to study the whole range of online activity practices of young people in the conditions of accelerating rates of digitalization. The article searches for a solution to the question of what practical actions should be taken in order to strengthen the role of the digital environment in the formation of youth behavioral practices of positive orientation and to completely neutralize, exclude the determining role of the Internet environment in the formation of their negative forms.

The value and novelty of the analysis is due to the comparative analysis of the dynamics of change in digital behavioral trends of young people, based on the results of two representative surveys of young people in 2021 and 2023. Based on the results of the study, conclusions are formulated about the prevalence of various practices of digital activity of Russian youth, and trends in their further development are described.

In domestic sociology, the terms "degree (s) of freedom" and "restriction (s) of degree (s) of freedom" are practically not used. This determines the relevance of the topic of this study. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to consider the use of the desired terms in various fields of science and practice and define them from the standpoint of sociology. The tasks that the author sets for himself: to identify interpretations of these terms in various fields of science and practice; determine the meaning of these terms in sociology. The sociological definition of the desired terms will expand sociological knowledge in this area, using them as sociological, and improve the quality of sociological research related to this topic. The result of this work is the definition of the terms "degree (s) of freedom" and "restriction (s) of degree (s) of freedom" as sociological. The value of this work is determined by the inclusion in the sociological knowledge of the sought terms as sociological.

The purpose of the research is a comprehensive analysis of the formation of social and labor relations of students in the pre-labor period, as a significant stage in the formation of a competitive and self-sufficient personality of each student, as a basis for the development of constructive social interactions and future labor relations. In this regard, the author of the article conducted a theoretical analysis: describes the conditions, levels and subjects of the formation of social and labor relations in the pre-labor period, features of positioning, strategies of behavior and interaction of subjects regarding the formation of social and labor relations (at the institutional and social levels), highlights the markers of the formation of this type of social relations among students. In the applied aspect, the results of a specific sociological study organized and conducted by the author of the article are presented. The sociological research was undertaken in order to identify the main social positions and strategies of students of a particular university; to study the readiness of students for active, constructive types of interaction as the basis for the formation of types of social and labor relations in future employment. The applied significance of the work lies in the identification of optimal social, organizational, and methodological conditions for the formation of social and labor relations in the pre-labor period among students.

In recent years, there has been great scientific and practical interest in the study of the activities of Protestant Christian communities as a fairly new phenomenon in regional history. Based on the analysis of field ethnographic materials, regulations and media materials, the author concludes that the Protestants of Udmurtia have firmly entered the socio-cultural and confessional space of the region. Protestant communities have great potential for constructive interaction and solving common problems facing society, faiths and the state, which must be taken into account by state and municipal authorities when working with religious organizations.

The relevance of the study is associated with the growing popularity of rap artists' musical creativity in Russian society since the beginning of the 21st century. It has been confirmed that rap has the greatest influence on the consciousness of young people, constituting certain axiological modes in their consciousness. The purpose of the study is to examine the impact of rap music on the formation of values of Russian youth in the 2000-2010s. The distinctive characteristics of rap and its formation during the period of deep ontological transformations of Russian society are determined. A substantive analysis of sociological research is carried out. Based on the generalization of the results of the available data, the author identifies the key axiologemes that rap music forms for Russian youth, including youth, creativity, initiative, protest, truth, and others. The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the author's classification of values and their interpretation in the formation of axiological orientations and life worlds of Russian youth at the beginning of the 21st century.

The digital transformation of modern society leads to an increase in the importance of data processing and analysis procedures when making management decisions. New niches in the labor market are emerging for specialists who are able to analyze and use large amounts of data. In this regard, it is becoming relevant to open educational programs in universities that provide professional training in accordance with the needs of the labor sphere.

The purpose of the scientific article is to determine the potential and specifics of digital sociology as a sphere of future professional activity of students majoring in Sociology. To achieve this goal, the content of educational programs of leading universities in Russia was analyzed, and the attitude of sociology students to the implementation of educational programs in digital sociology in universities was studied.

The scientific significance of the study lies in identifying the advantages of training specialists in digital sociology and the presence of motivation among students to master this area of professional activity. The results of the study can be used in the development of educational programs in universities.

The article, based on the analysis of scientific literature, statistical data, documents of educational institutions posted in the public domain, and the results of a survey of students, clarifies the content of the concept of “digital sociology” and substantiates the prospects of obtaining an education in the field of digital sociological research.

The relevance of the research topic is due to the public and professional demand for new models of conceptualization of the acute problem of social loneliness. The main goal of the study is the reconceptualization of social loneliness through the prism of existential theory. The goal was operationalized in the following tasks: distinguishing between social and existential loneliness; identifying the most relevant categories of existential theory for conceptualizing social loneliness; developing a theoretical model of social loneliness in the context of existential theory. Scientific significance lies in highlighting a new understanding of loneliness as a concept constructed through alienation. Practical significance lies in the prospects of the developed model for practical studies of loneliness. The scientific novelty of the study is derived from the absence of a wide number of works in which social loneliness would be understood in the context of existential theories in sociology.

The question of teaching the institute remains relevant in sociological science. In this article, on the basis of pilot expert interviews, the main problems that hinder the development of the studied institute are studied. The purpose of the study was to study the experience of implementing the target model of mentorship in educational organizations of the Republic of Tatarstan. Based on the results obtained during the research, the author comes to the conclusion that the necessary conditions for the effective functioning of the tutoring system have been created in the republic. However, the mechanism of selection of candidates for the role of mentor and the method of their stimulation have been insufficiently developed.

The obtained results can be considered when correcting the provisions of the mentoring system program, when developing methodological materials for novice specialists, when creating programs for advanced training courses for teachers who are ready to act as mentors. The practical effect of the target model should be the increase in the number of young teachers in the educational institutions of the republic.

Digitalization of all spheres of life has changed the approach to communication between organizations and the public. In the current conditions of total mediatization, delivering messages to audiences is possible only with targeting and the use of an appropriate combination of digital tools and offline tools. In this context, the structures of the higher education system that conduct educational activities are in search of optimal communication scenarios that can build connections with all stakeholders in a single concept. The article examines the practical aspects of the use of transmedia in the educational field using the example of the promotion of the Department of Public Relations and Applied Political Science of Kazan Federal University. The purpose of the study is to characterize the practice of using transmedia technologies in the activities of higher academic education structures, which, under certain conditions, allows them to create a "universe" – a common conceptual environment uniting like–minded people and followers. In this regard, the results of the communication activities of the Department of Public Relations and Applied Political Science of KFU were considered. The authors came to the conclusion about the possibility of using transmedia communication technologies in the academic environment in creating conditions for student engagement and formulating a message that unites all stakeholders. This approach can become a support for building a matrix of communication links for such structures.

The purpose of this article is to consider such a participant in criminal proceedings in the law of South Africa as an informant or whistleblowers, to analyze the legislation of South Africa, during which the legal framework of the Republic of South Africa will be analyzed, namely the provisions relating directly to measures to ensure the safety of informants. This article also examines the actual situation and position of whistleblowers in South Africa, where the leading role is played by the political factor, and not the legal one. Based on the results of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that the legislation of the Republic of South Africa does not have adequate measures to ensure the protection of whistleblowers and other persons reporting any kind of offenses and crimes. The authors see a solution to this problem in the introduction of new legislation, or amendments to existing legislation concerning the legal regulation of the position of an informant as a participant in the criminal process of South Africa.

The emergence and subsequent intensive development of network technologies have contributed to significant shifts in various sectors, and the industrial sector is no exception. The integration of these technological solutions into the formation of large organizational and economic systems has led to significant progress in efficiency, productivity, and innovation. That is why the focus of research interest in this article is the analysis and characterization of the multifaceted features of network technologies in the context of large organizational and economic systems; According to the results of the study, their impact on communication, data management, automation, and overall performance is emphasized. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that, based on the results of the analysis of various options for BOES networks in industry, the author systematized their advantages and disadvantages, which can serve as a starting point for subsequent scientific work on related topics.

The relevance of this study is due to the active development of physical culture and sports in Russia, which requires the search and consideration of the most effective management methods both at the national level and in regions and large cities. The purpose of this article is to consider management models in the field of physical culture in the country as a whole, as well as in megacities. The study shows that the key issues of management in this area is the role of the state, while special importance in the scientific literature is given to the problems of the relationship between the state and private business. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that private capital is actively involved in the implementation of projects to create sports infrastructure in megacities in which projects have high profitability. The chosen model of management of the sphere of physical culture and sports in general is important to consider both at the national and urban levels, since in addition to a significant contribution to the health and quality of life of the population, the development of the sports industry makes a significant contribution to the economy, including by increasing the prestige of the country or metropolis.

The article provides an overview of scientific papers devoted to the study of issues in the field of ecotourism. Based on statistical data, information about specially protected natural areas (protected areas) is presented To preserve the biological diversity of the country and the development of the ecotourism industry. As a result of the analysis, the popular and popular ecological routes by categories of protected areas have been identified. It is indicated that the total number of visitors to ecological trails and routes has increased significantly in recent years by categories of protected areas of federal significance. There is a close relationship between the number of ecological routes and the number of their visits.

The paper identifies and outlines the conditions for the successful development of eco-tourism. The author argues that the development of the ecological culture of the population, the infrastructure of the regions, and the identification of the potential of destinations are necessary conditions not only for the development of eco-tourism, but also for the protection of the environment.

As a result of the conducted research, the problems that have arisen in the field of ecotourism development in the regions have been identified, and recommendations related to the development of ecotourism at the present stage have been developed and substantiated for their successful solution.

The relevance of the article is determined by the fact that the problem of corruption has been and remains one of the most acute socio-economic problems not only in Russia, but also around the world, and is a serious obstacle to the development of all countries. This dangerous social phenomenon has its roots deep in the past and is connected with the traditions of society during the formation of statehood.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the features of corruption manifestations in various countries and identify the main ways to increase the effectiveness of countering this dangerous social disease in Russia.

The brief historical analysis of the problem under study conducted in the article not only confirms the existence of corruption in all states since their inception, but also proves that the presence of managerial structures in the state is inextricably linked with corruption components, differing only in the scale of their manifestation and the characteristic features of a particular state.

Corruption practices are facilitated not only by political and economic instability, underdevelopment and imperfection of the legislative framework, inefficiency of government institutions, weakness of civil society organizations and lack of strong democratic traditions, but also by a low degree of public participation in combating corruption, poor education of citizens regarding the choice of effective and rational ways to combat it. To activate people, to create an "anti-corruption front", it is necessary to start with each individual, who is formed in an atmosphere of intolerance, rejection of any manifestations of corrupt behavior.

The article actualizes the need to take into account the specifics of the content of digital competencies in the teaching profession. The specifics of the application of the methodology of the author's research based on a quantitative procedure based on the Likert` scale as a tool for self-reflection in identifying people's attitudes towards a problem are substantiated. The results of an empirical study of the level of digital competence of teachers working at various universities in Kazan are presented; a comparison is made by areas of professional digital competence, taking into account such a socio-demographic factor as gender.

The article contains an analysis of the organizational role of the leadership of the Communist Party of China in the successful use of the deindustrialization of the West for the development of the Chinese economy, caused by the abolition of the gold standard and the transition to the issue of essentially counterfeit currency. It is noted that such a remarkable economic policy was able to be implemented by the leadership of the CPC most of all thanks to the scrupulously studied and creatively meaningful experience of the industrialization of the Soviet economy under the leadership of Lenin and Stalin, especially in attracting foreign firms, promoting commercial domestic ones, tough suppression of corruption, and active borrowing of advanced technologies from around the world. The unwavering commitment of the modern leadership of the CPC to achieving communism.

In the modern world, land plays a key role as an economic resource and a source of rent. This is due to its limited quantity and significance for various sectors of the economy. Therefore, the study of the scientific foundations of land (rental) relations is a relevant and important task. Special attention is paid to land information systems in the modern economy, their role, and significance. The trends in the development of land relations in new conditions, the main directions and modern trends in regulating land relations at the regional and municipal levels are analyzed, as well as the prospects and opportunities for the development of land relations in the information economy.

Modern trends in the digitalization of financial systems of states, coupled with the growth of international trade volumes, make the issue of using digital instruments in cross-border settlements relevant. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to study the possibility of using central bank digital currencies in cross-border settlements using the example of the EAEU countries. The article examines the theoretical aspects of the functioning of digital currencies, presents current projects of central banks of the EAEU member states in the field of digital currencies, and studies models of compatibility of central bank digital currency systems. The main results of the research consist in identifying the main areas of interaction between the EAEU member states in the context of using central bank digital currencies in cross-border settlements.

The article analyzes methods of state support of agriculture. The article considers key normative acts regulating the activity of state bodies in the field of food security. Patterns and trends of development of the agricultural fund of the country, as well as measures to ensure its sovereignty and security, have been identified. On the basis of the analysis, recommendations are made to identify effective points of budget development.

The article discusses memory tourism as a way to actualize and popularize the most important and symbolically significant subjects of the common history of the Eurasian integration member states. The article suggests promising direction of partnership between the countries for the development of memory tourism, the achieved results and the possibilities of utilizing its potential to strengthen humanitarian and economic contacts were defined.

The study of the reasons for the emergence of spatial heterogeneity of the EAEU border regions is a relevant topic for consideration and analysis in the context of the current economic and political situation. The presence of unevenness of the EAEU border regions is determined by the influence of various factors. The purpose of the research is to assess the development of the regions bordering the EAEU, to identify and determine the causes of their heterogeneity. The main research objectives are to assess the dynamics of development of the territory, identify their heterogeneity and determine the main causes of regional inequality. Applied significance is determined by the socio-economic context and requires a directed analysis of the development of regions bordering on the integration association and identification of the causes of their unevenness. The methodological apparatus of the study includes the assessment of statistical data and calculation of asymmetry coefficients. The analysis has determined the presence of heterogeneity processes and allowed us to form the main directions for their assessment. The obtained results can become the basis for scientific and practical tools and management decision-making within the framework of spatial heterogeneity of border regions.

Currently, the agricultural complex of the country and the Republic of Tatarstan is actively developing. Dynamic development is due to the need to ensure food security of the population, implement the import substitution program, provide jobs, as well as ensure the country’s export potential. Currently, the agricultural sector of the Republic of Tatarstan needs the formation and strategy for the development of human capital. It is human capital that ensures the intensive, sustainable and progressive development of this industry. In the article, the author examines the concept of human capital, the key factors in forming the strategy for its development and determines the methods and means of its use in the agricultural sector of the Republic of Tatarstan. The author also proposed a set of measures for the implementation of human capital in specific conditions of economic activity.

The relevance of studying the integration values of the peoples of the post-Soviet countries is due to the need to combine their efforts in solving socio-economic problems. The future of each state of Little Eurasia, the preservation of stability and the avoidance of social challenges largely depend on shared values that regulate human behavior. The article identifies the value systems of migrants from countries involved in integration processes in the post-Soviet space, which provide grounds to assess the potential and prospects for integration development. The empirical basis of the analysis is the results of a survey in February – March 2024 of citizens of Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan working and living in Moscow. Based on the results of the analysis, conclusions were drawn about the similarity of integration values among the majority of respondents and their support for uniting the efforts of countries in solving socio-economic problems. The emergence of contradictory and multidirectional orientations of the countries of their citizenship on the integration associations of Greater Eurasia is noted, the need to strengthen the Eurasian vector of development is justified.

 The results obtained can be useful for the development of political strategies and measures aimed at strengthening social solidarity and unity of the studied countries. This is especially important in the context of the many challenges that modern societies face. The consensus of integration values solidifies society, strengthens interaction between people and increases the level of trust, promotes cooperation and respect for differences between people.

New knowledge can complement existing theoretical and methodological developments in the field of sociology, political science, cultural studies and other scientific disciplines, contributing to the expansion of ideas about socio-cultural and political processes in the CIS, will make up for the lack of empirical research aimed at a modern analysis of the value core of the consolidation of the population of post-Soviet countries, will allow to develop a deeper understanding of the processes of social consolidation, including how values and ideas can serve as factors of unity or divisions in diverse societies.

The article highlights the main methodological aspects of regional integrations in the world. The current trends of integration processes and conditions, factors of their effectiveness are analyzed. The features of Eurasian integration are revealed. The strategic directions of the EAEU development and Russia's role in this process are presented. The relevance of the study of methodological problems of Eurasian integration is indicated.

The article presents the evidence base of the expediency of the dual nature of cooperatives, which manifests itself in the social essence and its implementation through market management mechanisms of both shareholders and cooperatives themselves. An example of an actively developing and promising consumer cooperative is presented, in which difficulties arise with borrowed sources of financing. Measures are proposed to improve the socio-economic conditions for the development of cooperative processes in rural areas, including through the creation of a unified system of cooperation.

The article examines theoretical and practical issues of the formation and development of economic diplomacy. From the point of view of economic theory, economic diplomacy represents state regulation of the country’s foreign economic activity, which has always been the subject of research in economic science. Economic practice constantly gives us new examples of types of economic diplomacy. New forms of protectionism introduced in the world economy in the form of sanctions led to the emergence of Eurasian economic diplomacy.

The article considers the concept of charity from a new angle, namely through the prism of reciprocity, through the prism of gift exchange in exchange for moral authority. Discusses the results of practical research to confirm the reciprocal characteristics of the charitable activities of companies of the Republic of Tatarstan. Problematic moments are revealed: low awareness of the population about charitable activities of the organization and a set of measures to eliminate these contradictions is proposed.