The article provides in-depth analysis of the issues of Saint-Petersburg areas development in the context of the Strategy of socio-economic development of the city. The research aims to study and analyze the problems of land-use zone designation of St.-Petersburg and the ways of solving them based on government programs. Basic land-use zones of historically shaped districts of the St.-Petersburg metropolitan area are identified. Based on the analysis of St.-Petersburg area shaping as well as the Strategy of the socio-economic development of the city up to 2035, the issues concetning each zone are revealed along with suggesting the steps to resolve them. Government programs aimed at enhancing urban environment and socio-economic development of the St.-Petersburg area in general are considered an effective tool of urban zone development. The ways of resolving the issues of the development of historically established territories within the framework of each program in modern conditions of urban development are revealed, which is of practical importance for further research in this direction.

The achievement and maintenance of technological sovereignty depends on the definition of strategic goals and a set of measures to promote the development of priority economic sectors. The formation of technological independence is influenced by many factors, including a willingness to innovate, investment in research and development, both by the state and by private businesses. Low levels of innovation and R&D activity hinder economic growth and hinder the achievement of technological independence. Government financial incentives are an effective tool if they are sufficient and appropriate. The scientific significance of this research lies in its approach to the systematization of theoretical concepts related to "technological sovereignty". It also analyzes strategic planning documents that are linked by the goal of achieving technological independence. The practical relevance of this study is that it provides a way to assess the level of innovation and R&D funding as factors in ensuring technological sovereignty. This information can be used to develop policies and strategies that promote technological independence. The novelty and value of this research are in the systematic presentation of the concept of technological sovereignty and the analysis of relevant documents. This approach provides a comprehensive understanding of the topic and contributes to the field of research on this subject.

The article considers the theoretical provisions of efficiency assessment within the framework of the possibility of their application in the processes of state management of sustainable development of territories. The aim of the study is to identify the applicability of approaches to efficiency assessment to the sustainable development of territories. Three main approaches to understanding the effectiveness of public administration are presented, which reflects the practical significance and allows solving issues within the framework of public administration of sustainable development of territories. It is noted that modern theoretical views on the components of efficiency assessment within the framework of efficiency assessment of sustainable development of territories should be studied comprehensively, considering both the processes of development of the territory, society, man and their interaction with the natural environment. The article considers the actual elements of the assessment of the effectiveness of public administration of sustainable development of the territory: target setting, principles and indicators. The list of national projects, federal projects and programs related to the management of sustainable development of territories is formed within the framework of the program-target approach to management. According to the results of the analysis, it is concluded that the assessment of the effectiveness of public administration of sustainable development of the territory is reduced to the analysis of achieved indicators of federal projects and programs within the framework of implemented national projects, as well as to the determination of the level of achievement of planned indicators in the context of a particular territory. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop a system of integral indicators in the framework of assessing the effectiveness of public administration of sustainable development of territories on the basis of quality of life indicators, taking into account physical, economic, social and environmental parameters

The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the growing interest in Islamic finance in the international economic environment, particularly in Islamic banking, as well as actively expanding trade, economic and financial relations between Russia and Iran in recent years. The purpose of the study is to identify the significant features of Islamic banking in Iran in the context of Russian-Iranian financial cooperation. The objectives of the study are to analyze the banking system of the Islamic Republic and identify significant features of interest to the Russian side. The value of the study lies in the description of important aspects of Islamic banking in Iran, which have the potential for both practical, in the context of bilateral economic cooperation, and scientific, given the very small number of studies on this topic, which also characterizes the high scientific novelty of the research. The result of the work is the identification of the following features: integrated banking system, its compliance with the Shiite Islamic law, the use of power of attorney agreement and the presence of payment of preliminary profits. Among the identified features, the most important from the point of view of Russian-Iranian financial cooperation, namely, the universal character of the Iranian banking system and adherence to the Basel standards of banking activities are identified.

The author proposes for consideration the main provisions of a spatially integrated methodology for the study of transformative investments with a view to their implementation in the economic space of the region. The relevance of the topic is due to the importance of transformative investment in the development of the economic space of any territorial system, which, in turn, requires justification of approaches to their implementation.
The purpose of the study is to substantiate the spatially integrated methodological approach chosen by the author, combining a set of other approaches that allow reflecting the specifics of transformative investments. The objectives of the study are determined by the set goal and provide for the formation of a methodology based on project-based, risk-oriented and institutional approaches.
The scientific and practical significance of the work lies in the fact that methodology, based on a combination of principles and methods of project, risk-oriented and institutional approaches, allows for a study of transformative investments in a new perspective: on the one hand, to reveal the spatial context of investment projects and risks, and on the other – to identify further their positive impact on spatial structural transformations.
The results of the study provide for the formation of a spatially integrated methodology reflecting the specifics of the implementation of transformative investment projects in the economic space of the region.
Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the methodology proposed by the author, combining three approaches, allows us to identify the specifics of transformative investments that cause a certain positive impact on the development of the economic space, taking into account existing conditions and social risks.
The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the system of approaches proposed by the author, which together forms a spatially integrated methodology, makes it possible to expand and complement existing approaches to the study of transformative investments in the economic space of the region.

Industrial policy in the Russian economy in the context of the transformation of the global economic system and the formation of a multipolar world requires consideration of goals and new methods to increase the effectiveness of its implementation. The purpose of the study is to consider the specifics of the implementation of industrial policy in the Russian economy within the framework of modern geopolitical realities, which requires solving the tasks of analyzing and specifying goals, tools and methods for implementing effective industrial policy. The study identifies the need to transform the goals of industrial policy implementation in order to maintain its effectiveness not only within the current stage of economic development, but also in the long term. The significance of the study is determined by the possibility of applying the tools of industrial policy in specific strategies for the development of Russian industries, taking into account the involvement of a competitive market mechanism in the functioning of newly created industries in the long term.

The current geopolitical and macroeconomic situation places high demands on the effectiveness of public administration. The success of the application of the program-oriented approach in recent years is due to the rationality of the choice of public administration tools in accordance with the peculiarities of the organization and functioning of complex facilities. The improvement of the toolkit is interconnected with cluster policy, the objects of which are the subjects of the Russian Federation, industries, and rural areas. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the choice of public administration tools for complex natural resource objects. Research objectives: to study the features of the application of the program-target approach in public administration; to determine the relationship between the objects of public administration in the context of the implementation of the program-target approach; to develop an algorithm for the application of the cluster-network approach in the management of complex natural resource objects. The value of the research lies in the development of the theory of cluster-network interaction in public administration. The result, which has a scientific novelty, is an algorithm for applying the cluster-network approach in forestry management in the subjects of the Russian Federation.

In the current conditions of the most acute geopolitical confrontation between Russia and the countries of the European Union, as well as against the backdrop of a special military operation, issues of national food security are becoming increasingly important for our state. The economic sanctions imposed against the Russian Federation were a kind of catalyst for the transition to replacing imported food products with domestically produced products. In this regard, agriculture is gradually becoming a dynamically developing sector of the Russian economy, and its digitalization is becoming the main vector for the development of agricultural business. In order to ensure strong growth in the productivity of agricultural sectors, it becomes imperative for agricultural enterprises to modernize their production activities using digital products and solutions. Without the introduction of modern innovative technologies and the transition of agricultural industries to digital transformation processes, it is impossible to talk about increasing the efficiency of agro-industrial production, even with the existing government support measures for this sector of the economy. Therefore, the digital transformation of agriculture is one of the particularly pressing and relevant topics.
The purpose of this article is to study the features of the digital economy in the field of agricultural production and a set of government support measures regarding the processes of digital transformation of the agro-industrial complex. The scientific significance of the work lies in determining the role of digital modernization of the agricultural industry in the food security system of our country and substantiating the priority areas of state support for information and digital technologies. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the research results can be used in developing a strategy for increasing the information and digital development of agricultural sectors.
Based on the results obtained, the following conclusions are drawn: modern measures of state support for domestic agricultural producers are characterized by four features, namely, limited coverage of activities in the field of digital transformation of agriculture, a lack of specialists in digital technologies, the focus of government decisions on controlling the activities of farmers and difficulties in obtaining subsidies . It was concluded that, despite existing government support measures, the industry needs new digital solutions that will give a qualitative impetus to the development of the entire agricultural sector

At the present stage of economic development in Russia, one of its most important components is the income of the population. The active social policy of the state carried out in the last decade is aimed primarily at increasing the income of the population, which is the basis for improving the standard of living and improving the quality of life of the population.
The scientific significance of the study lies in the author's confirmation of the hypothesis of a change in the income structure of the population due to the increased importance of the active social policy pursued by the state. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using the results of the study to assess the impact of changes in household incomes on the economic development of an industrial region.
According to the results of this study, the following trends were identified: incomes of the population are growing, the share of wages and social benefits in the income structure is increasing with a sharp decrease in the share of income from entrepreneurship, the share of benefits and social benefits in the structure of social benefits has increased significantly, differentiation in income and the proportion of the poor in the Sverdlovsk region has decreased.
It is concluded that it is necessary to increase the incomes of the population in terms of saving labor resources for the industrial region.

The organization of financial management in public legal entities differs significantly from the organization of financial management in the corporate sector of the economy. In economic literature, the functions of planning, organization, regulation, motivation and control are classically called management functions. These functions are also characteristic of the process of managing state and municipal finances. However, their implementation has its own characteristics, which are currently not given due attention in the economic literature. In this regard, consideration of the manifestation of management functions in the public sector of the economy seems relevant. The purpose of the article is to analyze the specifics of the implementation of management functions in the financial management system in public legal entities. A conclusion is made about the differences in management functions in the management of state and municipal finances and the reasons that determine them. The results obtained can be used in the process of teaching students in the direction of "Economics", "State and Municipal Administration", as well as in the process of conducting scientific research.

The need to stimulate the economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation leads to the need to assess and find additional opportunities to increase costs for the implementation of national development goals. In the context of sanctions and geopolitical restrictions, as well as significant differentiation of the economic potential of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, research and adaptation of the concept of fiscal space for the needs of regional authorities is an important part of improving fiscal policy.
The scientific significance of the study lies in the adaptation of methodological approaches to the content and assessment of fiscal space for regional budgets. The practical significance of the study includes an integrated approach to assessing the fiscal space for the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the possibility of choosing the best mechanisms for its expansion.
The value of the study lies in adapting the concept of fiscal space for regional budgets and carrying out a comprehensive assessment of both the space itself and the mechanisms for its expansion in order to identify reserves for the growth of budget expenditures of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for key national development goals.

In the unified system of public administration of modern Russia, there is no federal body responsible for forecasting and integrated planning of the socio-economic development of the country and this function is distributed among individual departments, ministries and subjects of the Russian Federation. At the same time, in recent years, the practice of developing short-term development plans based on the goals formulated in the "program" decrees of the newly elected head of state, defining the vector of socioeconomic development for the period of his powers, has been formed. At the same time, the planning is based on the requests of the majority of voters expressed by them during the last election campaign of the President of the Russian Federation, as well as the provisions of the electoral program of the selected candidate. This mechanism of transformation of the people's will into normative legal acts has today replaced the practice of forming short-term development plans based on the decisions of the regular congresses of the CPSU and needs scientific analysis and objective assessment, which was the purpose and objective of this article. The disclosure of the stated topic will make it possible to determine the basic principles and algorithms of the above-mentioned mechanism and improve the quality and relevance of the process of forming federal programs, as well as maximally harmonize public requests with the actions of the state administration apparatus. Using factor analysis, economic, mathematical and statistical methods, the author analyzes the course of execution of the "program" decrees of the President of the Russian Federation 2012–2020 and the individual indicators achieved. The article also substantiates the positive role of "programmatic" decrees on the processes of planning and socio-economic development of Russia.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the legal status of the league as a special subject of sports legal relations. Attention is drawn to foreign experience: the North American and European models are evaluated. It is revealed that the North American model is characterized by: the ordering of the sports and economic strength of clubs; a small share of the participation of sports federations as regulators of sports (both national and international). The European model sports league is distinguished by a pyramidal structure, at all levels of which there is unification and subordination of the execution of decisions, the discrepancy between the sports and financial levels of clubs. In Russia, there are both North American and European models for the formation of a sports league. It is noted that the amount of authority associated with the organization of sports events depends on the type of sports league. It is concluded that the sports league is a special subject of sports legal relations, which performs the function of an organizer of sports competitions on a professional basis, has commercial rights to the competition, the scope of which is established by an agreement on the delegation of rights concluded with the AllRussian sports Federation.

The relevance of the research topic is argued by the constitutional principles of ensuring the legality of the exercise of human and civil rights and freedoms, which from the basic of the requirement of good faith in the exercise of subjective rights and the normative establishment of the prohibition of violating the rights and freedoms of other persons in their implementation. Industry research requires a qualitative and positive presentation of the criteria for the inadmissibility of abuse of rights. This rhetoric is traditionally viewed from the perspective of history and theory of law and generally excludes any possibility of abusing subjective rights, both in the implementation of such rights and in their defense in civil or criminal proceedings. However, practice highlights a slightly different law enforcement problem: the principle of independent and unimpeded exercise of subjective rights, which is one of the basic ones in law, does not always function flawlessly and is applied when resolving legal cases. The study shows the importance of the good faith of the subject of law when he exercising rights, and also expresses ideas for the real implementation of this moral and legal concept.
The purpose of this study is to identify and formulate the fundamental theoretical foundations of the measure of freedom of subjects of law when they realize their capabilities, which is not absolute, has certain limits, beyond which such behavior turns into an offense. It is these positions that determine the objectives of the study: to identify the components of the legal principle under consideration, to show the negative social consequences of abuse of law, as well as to argue for the importance of the fundamental values of civil society and the inadmissibility of the development of an increase in the number of offenses when subjects exercise their rights.
Research methods are based on the general (dialectical) method of cognition, as well as on general scientific and special legal methods of scientific analysis.
The scientific and practical significance of the work lies in the fact that it shows the importance of the principle of inadmissibility of abuse of law, which, in conditions of the maximum possible freedom for participants in social relations to exercise their subjective rights and, thereby creating the illusion of their limitlessness, allows us to identify boundaries and limits that prevent possible abuses from such persons. The study, based on a historical-philosophical, formal-logical and comparative approach, when analyzing the criteria for the inadmissibility of abuse of law, shows the relationship of the principle of the inadmissibility of abuse of law with other principles of law.
The value of the research and scientific novelty is expressed in the theoretical, legal and philosophical justification of the need and expediency of applying the principle of inadmissibility of abuse of law, taking into account its universality. It is this principle that is optimally combined with the principles of legality, humanity and justice, which ensures its preventive and social purpose, and also in interaction with the principle of unhindered exercise of subjective rights and the inadmissibility of arbitrary interference in the exercise by an authorized person of his right allows participants in public relations to intelligently and effectively implement and defend your subjective rights.
The main results of the study include the argumentation and justification of the significance and expediency of applying the principle of inadmissibility of abuse of rights both when participants in social relations exercise their rights and when protecting them. Based on the results of the study, the corresponding conclusions were formulated: it is necessary to further improve the mechanism for implementing the principle of inadmissibility of abuse of law, which involves the following directions: firstly, the creation of a unified regulatory framework for the cross-sectoral application of this principle; secondly, the study of the legal consequences of abuse of law in order to prevent possible abuses in the exercise of subjective rights by all participants in social relations.

In the doctrine of law, many opinions have been expressed about constitutional guarantees of the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms, which are one of the main conditions for their provision, however, problems are currently arising when studying this institution. Thus, the identification of the essence of this category continues to be relevant today, as well as the study of the types of human rights guarantees, since so far their unified classification has not been developed in the science of constitutional law. In connection with the above, the purpose and objectives of the work were to establish the content and types of constitutional guarantees of human rights based on the analysis of current legislation and the opinions of legal scholars. The scientific novelty lies in the disclosure of the content of constitutional guarantees of fundamental human and civil rights and freedoms based on the current legislation of the Russian Federation and modern judicial practice. At the same time, when understanding the essence of constitutional guarantees of human rights in Russia, a classification of their types has been accumulated, which can become an auxiliary base in further scientific research. As a result, measures to ensure human and civil rights in the Russian Federation are demonstrated, and it is concluded that the concept of constitutional guarantees of human rights includes the necessary conditions and mechanisms for their observance and implementation, including national and specialized legal guarantees. The peculiarities of ensuring various types of constitutional rights and freedoms were highlighted: personal, political, socioeconomic. It has been established that constitutional guarantees are aimed at ensuring the impeccable fulfillment by the state of its duties in the exercise of rights by citizens. The categories of constitutional guarantees of human rights are defined, including various types of protection of rights and freedoms: constitutional, state, judicial and personal. It is revealed that the effective provision of constitutional rights is possible only through the interaction of the state and the individual.

The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the fact that the characteristic features of the principles of financial incentives are considered. The purpose of the study is to solve problems of socio-economic development, to implement projects of socio-economic importance, and to increase budget efficiency. According to the results of the research, the article highlights the features of legal regulation of public relations in the field of financial incentives at various levels: federal, regional, local, which allowed the author to formulate and disclose the constitutional and sectoral principles of financial incentives: legality, transparency, unified financial policy, prohibition of discrimination, justice, development, effective use of economic resources, complexity.

The modern arbitration process is permeated with trends to simplify and speed up judicial procedures. The implementation of these trends raises questions for the participants of the process about the possibility of making interim decisions on the claims contained in one lawsuit. Currently, this possibility is not directly regulated by procedural legislation. The purpose of the study is to identify the need to legislate the possibility of making interim decisions. The objectives of the study are to analyze the concept and features of an interim decision and compare them with similar procedural constructs. In the course of the study, the author correlates interim decisions with the separation of claims into separate proceedings and the issuance of additional decisions. The practical significance of the article is in substantiating the possibility of making interim decisions by arbitration courts. The author concludes that the regulation of the legal institution under consideration is insufficient and that it is necessary to legislate the possibility of making interim decisions.

The objectives of this article are to analyze violent crime characteristic of the pre-revolutionary society of the Russian Empire. Typical types of criminal violence, the causes and conditions that give rise to them, the influence of “traditional society” on the overall level of violent crime are considered, and examples of forensic investigative practice are given. Some problems of the influence of “traditional society” on ordinary crime in the USSR are explored.

The relevance of the topic is related to the modern transformation of labor relations: new areas of interaction between employee and employer, employee and team appear that do not fit within the usual legal framework. Labor legislation has so far ignored the issue of an employee’s personal rights, so the main role of the legal regulator is assumed by the norms of corporate ethics. The purpose of the study was to develop an idea of the place and role of corporate ethics in the mechanism for regulating labor relations. Research objectives: to consider the concept of “corporate ethics”; consider Codes of Corporate Ethics as local regulations; study the Codes of Corporate Ethics of organizations in the real sector of the economy; analyze judicial practice on disputes related to violations of corporate ethics. The considered examples can be used in the development of codes of ethics, which determines the practical significance of the publication. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that in order for the norms of corporate ethics to move from declarative norms to rules of employee conduct, it is necessary to adopt the Code of Ethics as a local normative act. In this case, the employer will have the opportunity to bring the employee to disciplinary liability for violating the relevant standards, up to and including dismissal.

Digital technologies underlying modern social relations have replaced the traditional format of state programmes. Telecommunication technologies, on the one hand, make it possible to reduce organisational, time, financial, personnel and other costs, increase the availability and quality of services provided using such technologies, create a basis for the accumulation of personal, commercial, state and other data protected by the legislation of the Russian Federation. However, the introduction of new technologies into various spheres of social or public relations naturally gives rise to the development of crime in this area. As a consequence, the activities of law enforcement agencies to counteract digital crime is a relevant area of modern law enforcement policy.
The purpose of this article is to study measures to prevent crimes committed in the sphere of information and telecommunication technologies. The authors have analysed the measures taken by the units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Investigative Committee, and the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation to counter such crimes. The resources used by law enforcement agencies to counteract cybercrimes are identified, some problematic issues of prevention and investigation of extremist and terrorist crimes, fraud committed with the use of information and telecommunication technologies are revealed. Based on the results of the study, the authors proposed measures to improve the system of countering cybercrime, which can be used for further scientific development of this issue, as well as in the practical activities of law enforcement agencies.

The relevance of the research topic is due to the main directions of penal policy to improve the efficiency of the execution of criminal penalties, in particular, without isolation from society. The effectiveness of the designated group of punishments is expressed by the achievement of the goals set for the punishment during its execution. The author, using the substantive properties of punishments that are not associated with isolation from society, has identified criteria and indicators for achieving the goals of their execution, indicating the effectiveness of criminal enforcement activities. The conclusion is formulated that ensuring the achievement of the goals of the execution of criminal penalties that are not related to isolation from society allows us to trace the relationship between the goals in the process of their execution and the results achieved.

Responsibility for occupying a higher position in the criminal hierarchy has been established by the current Criminal Code of the Russian Federation since 01.04. 2019. The interpretation of this norm causes difficulties for the law enforcer due to its novelty and the peculiarities of the legal technique used in the construction of this composition, which contains signs of the objective side, which consolidates the characteristics of the subject rather than the signs of the act. The purpose of the study is to determine the signs of the objective side of occupying a higher position in the criminal hierarchy. The objectives of the study are: identifying signs of the objective side of the occupation of the highest in the criminal hierarchy recognized as such in judicial practice, in doctrine, proposing the author's characterization as a sign of the objective side of this crime. The objective side of occupying a higher position in the criminal hierarchy can only be expressed in the commission of active actions, which may include: resolving disputes between organized crime groups, collecting funds for the needs of the criminal world, giving instructions to persons serving sentences in prisons.

The analysis of modern research suggests that the use of artificial intelligence in order to prevent extremist crimes among minors is at the stage of development. The purpose of the work was to study the criminal practice of extremist crimes committed by minors. Objectives of the work: to study the regulatory framework and scientific papers on the topic of the study, to consider the available ways to counter extremist crimes using artificial intelligence. The scientific significance of the work lies in the qualitative theoretical analysis of modern sources on the problem of preventing extremist crimes among minors. The practical significance of the work is the possibility of using the results of the study by employees of the internal affairs bodies. The scientific novelty of the research is the directions of work proposed by the author on the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies for the prevention of crimes of this category. The author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to control the information published by minors on the Internet, which may be one of the main components in the prevention of extremist crimes.

In this article, the theory of constitutionalization, popular among Russian authors, is projected onto the term “family values.” It is actively developing in Russian legislation. Authors focused on the integrative understanding of legal values in constitutional legal norms. As a result, different theoreticallegal and philosophical-legal approaches to family values in constitutional law were analyzed. The main methods for conducting this research should be recognized as formal-logical and analytical methods. To illustrate individual examples of the development of theoretical thought, authors turned to such private scientific methodological approaches as axiology of law, praxeology of law and legal pragmatism. Taken together, all these methods allowed authors to identify trends in the use of the category “family values” in Russian legislation. The key conclusion comes down to the ambiguity of the semantic embodiment of family values in current regulations. Its initially broad content has been transformed into the category of “traditional family values,” which remains a subject of discretion not only for the legislator, but also for law enforcement entities.

In the context of digitalization of public relations, recently there has been an increase in crimes committed in the credit and financial sphere. Certain problems arise in law enforcement due to the specific nature of crime investigations. These factors determine the relevance of the study of the stated topic.
The purpose of the study is to create criminal procedural mechanisms aimed at protecting persons operating in the financial sector. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved: to develop the properties and determine the external and internal boundaries of the criminal procedural form in cases of crimes in the credit and financial sphere, corresponding to the purpose of criminal proceedings.
The scientific significance of this study lies in the fact that establishing criteria and defining the limits of the phenomenon under study allows us to create an effective criminal procedural form, and the formulated proposals can become the basis for further research into questions about the development and differentiation of criminal procedural forms. 
The practical significance of the study is to create conditions aimed at ensuring the reliability and stability of social relations emerging in the credit and financial sphere.
The main results of the study can be identified that differentiation takes into account a set of criteria, each of which must correspond to the objectives, constitutional provisions and principles of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation. Conclusions are drawn that the general criterion for differentiation of the criminal procedural form on the issue under study is the degree of protection of constitutionally significant relations arising in the credit and financial sphere

This article defines the meaning and role of land easement in Russian law. The purpose of the article is to study the easement as an institution of civil and land law, to consider the procedure for establishing an easement on a land plot from the point of view of the methodology of legal science. The article analyzes various approaches to understanding the easement, examines the validity period of the easement, touches on the problem of payment for the easement, as well as the features of the state registration of the easement. In addition, the author reveals the methodological basis of the easement research, examines such general scientific methods of scientific cognition as methods of systematization, analysis, analogy, generalization, as well as some private scientific and private legal methods.

The study of the ideological foundations of constitutionalism, one of which is the constitutional idea of a social state, is one of the most significant in public law research and is associated with solving a whole range of research tasks, including identifying and systematizing a typical conceptual series that reveals the essence of this constitutional and legal phenomenon. The purpose of the conducted research is to comprehend and clarify the content of the concept of a social state, which has a stable and at the same time dynamic character. The practical aspect of the study is that the constitutional idea of a social state acts as a leading factor in the formation and development of a social rule of law state, improving current legislation in the social sphere. The novelty of the work is expressed in the fact that the systematization and analysis of the proposed doctrinal approaches to understanding the welfare state allowed the author to identify and summarize those main features and features that most fully and comprehensively reflect the essence of the constitutional idea of the welfare state and its practical implementation in legal reality. The value of the conducted scientific research is due to the fact that the author analyzed the main theoretical approaches to understanding the welfare state as an element of the constitutional idea, established the main directions determining its practical implementation, formulated his own understanding of the essence of the welfare state.

The topic of this study is relevant from the point of view of the need for an adequate response by the state to criminal acts committed in the form of sentencing and other measures of a criminal nature, taking into account the identity of the perpetrator. The purpose of the study is to assess the consideration by the courts of the defendant's personality when deciding whether to impose a punishment or other measure of a criminal nature. The scientific significance of the article lies in a new approach to the study of the identity of the perpetrator, its practical significance lies in the possible consideration of the provisions of the article in the work of the courts. The article analyzes the importance of the identity of the perpetrator in the imposition of punishment and other measures of a criminal nature through the prism of the effective implementation of the principle of justice. The essence and content of the culprit's personality, general criteria for sentencing are determined, and various formulations in court decisions are evaluated. The individual circumstances taken into account by the courts when imposing a sentence are critically analyzed.

This article discusses problematic issues of criminal law qualification of illegal cash withdrawal. Currently, this topic is relevant for research, since criminal law mechanisms for protecting the rights of borrowers and participants in the financial and credit sphere should also be developed. The purpose of the article is to consider the application of Articles 172 and 171.5 precisely that they can be used as a means of payment regardless of their recognition as such by a state or an interstate entity.
The so-called full-time employees remain outside the criminal law prohibition, which may give rise to problems in the implementation of this norm, as well as other persons whose interests are realized in the field of consumer lending (heirs, collectors, etc.). In our opinion, the reference to an individual entrepreneur unnecessary. The value of the conducted research lies in the possibility of using the presented theoretical material in practical activities.

The protection of violated rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens and organizations is the most important task of the law enforcement process. The relevance of the topic is due, first of all, to the problems enforcement proceedings of judicial and extrajudicial acts. The purpose of the research is to search for new forms and methods in the enforcement system that will improve the efficiency of actual enforcement. Based on the results of the research, the main conclusion was made that the implementation of the requirements of executive documents is achieved by organizing interdepartmental interaction between executive authorities and enforcement authorities, which in turn gives a systemic synergistic (resulting) effect in enforcement proceedings.

To date, in the science of municipal law, the role of legal protection of municipalities has not been given significant attention. At the same time, we note that it has its own characteristics within the framework of the functioning and development of municipalities. The author focuses his attention on the fact that it is necessary to distinguish between the protection and protection of municipalities.
The purpose of the research is to identify a number of key problems and identify possible solutions. The objectives of the study include analyzing the concept of legal protection of municipalities and identifying its features at the municipal level of government.
The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the legal protection of municipal entities is one of the most important elements of the municipal level of government and with its help it is possible to resolve legal disputes that arise at the local level of government.
The main results can be identified as the fact that the author’s definition of the legal protection of municipalities was proposed, and some proposals were made to improve Russian legislation at the municipal level of government.

The article analyzes the existing approaches to regulating relations arising in the field of health care. The author provides examples of the reflection of private law and public law principles in legislation in the field of health protection. In the context of digitalization and the widespread introduction of new technologies into various spheres of state activity, there is certainly a transformation in the relationship between private and public law principles in regulating the right to health care and medical care, a change in its normative content and constituent elements. In addition, the author analyzes the legal positions of the courts dedicated to the protection of the right to health care and medical care, which indicates the reflection of predominantly public law principles in the nature of the relations under consideration.

The scientific article analyzes the problems of erroneously classifying forced labor as the main types of criminal penalties according to the scientific classification. It is noted that the concept of «alternative to deprivation of liberty» indicates the lack of independence of forced labor, since they are provided for in the sanctions of the articles of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation only along with deprivation of liberty. The scientific work examines the incorrectness of the legal technique, due to the fact that, within the meaning of the law, forced labor can be applied both independently and as a substitute for imprisonment, but the position of the Supreme Court of Russia provides for only one option for their purpose. The scientific study proposes to combine parts one and two of Art. 53.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, since their separate legal regulation can lead any lawyer and law enforcement officer into a state of confusion. The article substantiates the position regarding the determination of approximately equal amounts of wages of convicts in order to establish the maximum proportional amount of deductions from it. The opinion is argued that forced labor should be excluded from the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, since for the most part they are identical, and in rare cases even stricter than imprisonment, and can also be replaced by the more humane institution of probation.

The article discusses a comparative legal analysis of the legal protection of the charters of municipalities by legislative and executive authorities at the federal level of government. The author emphasizes that the powers related to the legal protection of the charters of municipalities relate only to the powers of state authorities of the Russian Federation. In the course of the ongoing research, a number of key problems were identified, possible solutions were identified, and proposals were made to improve the legislation of the Russian Federation at the federal level of government.
The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that environmental legal understanding can be used in resolving legal disputes that arise within the framework of constitutional proceedings.

Currently, memes are becoming the dominant media content in the youth environment, which performs the functions of regulating social activity, identification strategies, and the involvement of the younger generation in social processes through Internet communication. However, despite their high popularity, memes are still poorly understood, and there is a lack of both empirical and theoretical research. The purpose of this article is to study the meme in the context of its regulatory impact on the practice of youth involvement in public life through Internet communication. This article analyzes the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of memes as the dominant media content among young people, decomposes the polydiscursivity and multifunctionality of the meme as a modern media text; examines sociological concepts that present explanatory models of the mechanisms of perception of public opinion that influence the level of social engagement. In addition, the results of a sociological study conducted by the authors among the student youth of the city of Kazan are presented, which confirm the hypothesis about the influence of memes on the involvement of young people in public life.

The emergence and spread of mobile digital devices significantly increases the availability of many services and expands human capabilities in solving many problems. These advantages become especially in demand when providing social adaptation to vulnerable groups of the population, in particular people with disabilities, caused by the unavailability of many services, the environment and public life in general.
The purpose of writing a scientific article is to determine the potential and specifics of the use of information and communication technologies in social work with people with disabilities. This goal is achieved through the implementation of the tasks of analyzing the diversity of mobile applications in social services and determining their specifics in connection with different user requests.
The scientific significance of the study is expressed in the systematization of accumulated knowledge and foreign experience in the use of mobile applications in order to improve the social adaptation of people with disabilities. As a result of this review, practice-oriented models of mobile applications were formulated to ensure optimal conditions for social adaptation of low-income families.
The result of the study was the formulation of conceptual models of mobile applications reflecting the specifics of the actors of social adaptation – clients and employees of social services. The first application "Social Adaptation" increases the accessibility of people with disabilities to information and communication. It is designed to solve everyday problems of low-income workers in the field of social adaptation. The second application "Social Worker" promotes communication and knowledge sharing among employees of the social sphere organization. The third application, A multifunctional application for the social adaptation of people with disabilities, is designed to coordinate the efforts of public, private and non-profit entities to assist in the social adaptation of disabilities.

The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the problem of the «glass ceiling» faced by modern working mothers who combine work with caring for children, as well as the sad statistics of divorce proceedings in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to reveal the complexity of combining parenthood and career ambitions, and to search for additional support options for families with children. The objectives of the study are to consider the specifics of the realization of the professional and personal potential of a woman and a mother, to analyze the results of a sociological survey of families of the Republic of Tatarstan conducted by the authors on the assessment of the need to develop a network of family coworking and launch the project «Family Spaces – Gayle Mokhite». The relevance of the study is characterized by the lack of sociological reflection in the domestic scientific literature of cases on coworking for families with children as a successful practice of solving the need to realize a woman’s professional and personal potential.

The article presents the results of one of the stages of sociological research aimed at determining the factors of territorial development of small towns. The city of Gorodets, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, was chosen as the object of the study as a typical representative of small territories, at the same time, having its own specifics. The purpose of this stage of work is to determine the directions of socio-economic development of the city, taking into account the increasing relevance of the problem of population outflow from small towns. From the managerial point of view, it is important to identify the key aspects affecting the attractiveness of local territories as places of long-term residence and career building. Sociological analysis of the problems allowed us to determine the factors that influence the attitude of the population to the territory. The impact on these factors allows to increase the attractiveness of the city and form a field for further development. The results of a series of expert interviews with representatives of the city administration, business and the third sector were used as an empirical base of the research.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the culture of behavior on the roads of the inhabitants of the metropolis. Scientific interest in the megalopolis is explained by the fact that not only socio-economic, socio-cultural, environmental, but also safety problems, including in the field of traffic, are most clearly manifested in its area. With regard to the metropolis, it’s more relevant to talk not only about safety, but also about the culture of behavior of residents. The article discusses the typology of risks that arise on the roads. The article describes the structure of the culture of behavior of residents, which includes cognitive and activity components. The article contains the results of an empirical study of the inhabitants of a megalopolis. The scientific novelty of the study is that the low level of the cognitive component in children is associated with the immaturity of the axiological component. Taken together, this can lead to risky behavior. The culture of behavior of the adult population is manifested in the low discipline of all road users – pedestrians and drivers. Poorly learned road behavior in childhood manifests itself later.

The improvement of sociological tools for diagnosing a unique intangible resource – synergy is relevant. The purpose of this study is to test the modified author's FEVS method. To do this, the author set himself the following goals: a) to diagnose the selected unit of the organization using a modified FEVS technique; b) on the basis of the diagnostics performed, identify the applied capabilities of the sought tools. The study demonstrated the scientific and applied potential of developing synergistic topics in sociology. The main result of the study is the possibility of using a modified FES methodology as a sociological tool for diagnosing organizations. Conclusion: the diagnostic tools used by the author provide up-to-date additional information in comparison with the initial version of the method. The value of the study is that the author's never-before-used diagnostic sociological toolkit was successfully tested.

The paper examines the role of the digital divide in the formation of migration flows in Russian regions. Main research methods: econometric modeling, mapping, grouping, statistical analysis. The models were built on the basis of regional data of Rosstat. The article tests hypotheses about the impact of the digital divide of the first and second levels on internal labor migration. The research hypotheses are tested by evaluating fixed and random effects models on panel data. The models include variables characterizing the level of digitalization of households, economic development, the labor market, and the economic crisis. The results of the analysis can be used to develop migration policy.

The relevance of this study is conditioned by the formation of a new, still poorly studied phenomenon – digital consumer content and the search for ways to form new ways of interaction between society and youth within the framework of this phenomenon. Many researchers ask how digital technologies affect young people. Based on the results of public opinion polls, the author demonstrates how access to a wide range of content affects the formation of values, beliefs and behaviour of the new generation. The aim of the study is to analyse the role of social networks, online platforms and other digital resources in the process of young people's identity formation. For this purpose, a number of tasks are solved, including: identifying the interests of young people in the use of Internet resources; determining the structure of digital consumption; identifying the factors of digital socialisation of young people. The novelty of this study lies in the conclusions provided about how the digital world influences young people, their perceptions of the society in which they exist. The practical significance of the work is due to the possibility of using the findings in substantiating an adaptive model of digital socialisation of young people.

The author concludes that the impact of digital technologies on the socialisation of youth has both positive and negative consequences, and digital consumption has a significant impact on the socialisation of youth and requires further research and attention from society.

Online shopping has become an important part of the socioeconomic life of Russia and other countries in the world. However, research shows that older-aged people participate less in online shopping than younger-aged individuals. This inequality has very important implications for the development of modern societies. Therefore, this article examines various approaches for explaining the social stratification of older people in online shopping in Russia. It is revealed that there are two main reasons for the unequal participation of older buyers in online shopping. The first reason is due to their unequal knowledge of online/IT products and services, while the second reason is due to the current construction of online infrastructure. As Russia moves towards a digital society, it becomes more important to address these challenges and ensure that older people are full participants of society. This article provides a vital resource for businesses hoping to attract older consumers and policymakers working to reduce social inequality.

At the moment, the implementation of the state youth policy, consisting of a large number of areas of different content, is becoming one of the main priorities of the university. At the same time, the research literature has not yet considered the issue of prioritizing the implementation of key areas of activity that can become drivers of the development of an educational organization of higher education, as well as emerging contradictions in the process of their implementation. The expert questionnaire provided by 145 vice-rectors of Russian universities from 52 regions of the Russian Federation was used as an information base when writing the work. The focus of the research was focused on the development of practical recommendations for the implementation of youth policy, the study of the degree and nature of its impact on the main activities of the university, which, in turn, will allow to specify the criteria for the effectiveness of the stated policy. As the main results, the publication contains conclusions on the specifics and importance of youth policy, promising directions for its implementation in terms of the university's rating positions, economic efficiency and strategic planning of the university's activities, as well as comparative data on financial support for the selected areas. In addition, the practical significance and novelty of the study lies in the fact that the authors, based on expert assessment, for the first time in the scientific literature, attempted to identify practical criteria necessary for using the evaluation of the effectiveness of youth policy at the university as part of management activities to achieve strategic goals of university development.

The relevance of the study is associated with the complication of the structure of the leisure needs of young people in the realities of the modern world, when de facto there is a multiplication of options for organizing and spending the free time of representatives of the most active social group. The purpose of the study is to examine the impact of new media and mediatization processes on the formation and popularization of the leisure practice “vpiska”. A meaningful analysis of the concept of “inscription” is carried out. The development of ideas about the declared form of parties is traced. The essential features of the “entries” are given. Based on a generalization of the results of modern sociological research, the author has identified the types of leisure practices being studied. The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the author’s clarification of the interpretation of the category “inscription”, as well as the fixation of the sociological content of the designated leisure practice, which is also considered in close connection with the processes of mediatization of everyday life.

The film industry plays an important role in the formation of the civic consciousness of student youth, promotes the penetration of images and media effects into the youth environment that trigger directed thinking, the formation of value orientations, ideological and motivational attitudes, and behavioral practices.
The purpose of the study is to identify the degree of influence of specific genres and types of film production on the patriotic consciousness of students. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: substantiation of the relevance of the civic-patriotic consciousness of young people, a bibliographic review of the problem, specification of film genres in the context of the influence on the patriotic consciousness of student youth, identification of the rating of films popular among students.
The significance and effectiveness of the work lies in the fact that for the first time, based on a large empirical array of opinions, a rating of films that are significant for the studied issues of patriotic education of student youth has been determined.

This article is devoted to the analysis of Ulrich Beck's concept of «risk society». The article considers how the growth of individualization and the omnipresence of global risks require a reassessment of traditional norms and a transition to more reflexive, self-sufficient approaches to life. The significance of this transition for rethinking social cohesion is emphasized: new forms of solidarity based on shared concern for complex, interconnected problems are emerging. The article also presents a more detailed understanding of the «risk society» as a key step in modernity, heralding a future in which adaptability, foresight and cooperative action define the human condition.

The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that one of the effective forms of introducing a young specialist into professional activity is mentoring. From the perspective of an interdisciplinary approach, the article reveals the features of interaction between a mentor and a young teacher at various stages of an individual educational route. Analysis of theoretical provisions showed the importance of adaptation processes in the development of a teacher in the profession. The purpose of the work was to identify the difficulties that a mentor faces at various stages of the mentee’s individual educational route. Based on the results obtained during the sociological study, the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to develop personalized programs for working with young professionals.

The article provides an attempt to theoretically generalize the postulates of foreign classical sociological thought (E. Durkheim, M. Weber, R. Merton) as a result of understanding the social phenomenon of adaptation. The scientific positions of domestic authors on the features of social, socio-professional and labor adaptation are presented. Based on empirical data of the author's sociological survey of young people of Kazan (14–35 years old; n = 475) identified a number of conditions for the social and labor adaptation of young people and emerging adaptation barriers in a social and labor environment. The work also provides some data from the sociological study «Youth and Career in Russia: Ambitions, Opportunities, Barriers», presented by «VCIOM-SPUTNIK», demonstrating social and labor motives in the process of employment. An understanding of the priority of economic and non-economic factors of social and labor adaptation among young people, as well as the role of motivational and adaptation measures in the process of social and tour adaptation of young specialists, was formulated.

The relevance of the chosen topic lies primarily in the multiplicity of approaches to the term "deviant behavior", as well as in the variety of forms of deviations. The article examines the approaches of modern Russian authors to understanding deviant behavior, and also offers its own formulation. In addition, the phenomenon of deviation as a social problem of modern Russian society has been studied and the causes of deviant behavior of young people have been analyzed. Based on the results of the study, conclusions were drawn about the need for further studies of the phenomenon of deviation and the need to develop effective measures to prevent the causes of negative deviant manifestations in the youth environment.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the Russian and foreign experience in regulating investments in innovation, highlighting the main mechanisms and tools used by governments to stimulate innovative development. The article examines the regulatory framework, financial instruments and institutional structures supporting investment in innovation in various countries.
According to the results of the study, the roles in stimulating corporate investment in innovations of public policies and government support programs, including tax incentives, subsidies and grants, were identified. The article presents the best international practices of such foreign countries as the United States, Great Britain, and France in order to determine effective strategies for government regulation of investments in innovation.
The value of the article lies in identifying the specific features of financing investments in innovation in Russia in comparison with leading foreign countries, as well as the features of the state innovation policy in Russia.

The relevance of the study of the issues of functioning of the unified digital space of industry is determined by the main directions of economic development outlined in the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation. The Decree of the President of Russia "On the National Development Goals of the Russian Federation" sets the task of ensuring technological independence and creating new markets in the areas of data economy and digital transformation, which emphasizes the importance of studying the methods of interaction in the digital space. The purpose of the article is to identify areas for improving ecosystem interaction in the digital space of industry. The objectives of the study are to analyze the methods of interaction within the ecosystem of the digital space of industry, to analyze the recommendations of the OECD and consulting companies on the formation of digital space. Thus, based on the systematization of ecosystem interaction methods, the conclusion was made about possible directions of development of the digital space of industry.

The purpose of the article is to form approaches to the legal regulation of personal data processing issues in the context of the spread of virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) technologies. The author points to the increased interest and rapidly growing popularity of virtual and augmented reality (VR/ AR) technologies in society, which allow you to get realistic impressions that blur the lines between the physical and digital worlds. Due to the rapid integration of these technologies into everyday life, very difficult issues arise related to the protection of users' personal data. The need to increase the level of personal data protection in the context of the proliferation of virtual/augmented reality technologies in the near future will pose new challenges in the areas of law-making and law enforcement.
The relevance of the study lies in the fact that when using VR/AR technologies, the security of users' personal data may be exposed to serious risks. The author justified the need to expand the capabilities of users to manage personal data when using VR/AR devices, as well as the adoption by the state of proactive measures to protect the personal data of its citizens. The author analyzes and compares the types of personal data of persons using VR/AR technologies, as well as the degree of growth of privacy threats in the event of a possible information leak. The existing regulatory framework for ensuring the protection of personal data in the Russian Federation was also analyzed and the need for further legal initiatives in this area was identified.
The author proposed a set of measures aimed at ensuring the privacy of users of virtual and augmented reality technologies.

In modern conditions, the issues of systematization of the principles of human resource management in higher education institutions are relevant due to the need to improve the effectiveness of the education system and the quality of training specialists. The purpose of the article is to propose our own version of the systematization of the principles of human resource management of the university based on the analysis of various scientific sources. The article discusses various approaches to the systematization of the principles of human resource management in higher education institutions. The authors analyze and compare the points of view of various researchers, highlighting the features of a particular approach. As a result of the article, the author's approach to the systematization of the principles of human resource management of the university is proposed, dividing them into general; functional; moral and ethical; social.

The presented article summarizes some empirical experience in determining the features, factors and causes of labor migration of young people from the point of view of sociological knowledge and based on the results of sociological research, as well as monitoring by VCIOM, the Federal State Statistics Service, scientific research by cited domestic contemporary researchers in the field of studying youth migration. Based on a secondary analysis of the data, the motives of youth labor migration were considered. The result determined the need for further study of the features and factors of youth labor migration, as a phenomenon that mediates the process of youth choosing migration trajectories and, as one of its resulting – the transformation of the social, economic, demographic structures of the territories involved in the processes of labor migration.

The purpose of this article is to assess the status of the Chinese yuan as a global reserve currency. To do this, the following tasks are set: to analyze the share of the Chinese yuan among other world reserve currencies, the growth of the share of the Chinese yuan in international settlements and in the global financial market, to assess the prospects for the formation of the yuan as a full-fledged world currency.
The scientific significance of the work lies in determining the prospects for the spread of the Chinese yuan in foreign trade operations between developed and developing countries. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the results of the study can be used as a basis for the analytical work of an international economist in building investment strategies and forecasting the monetary policy of Central banks.
The hypothesis is formulated that the Chinese government will not allow the yuan to become a fullfledged world reserve currency due to the risks caused by the internationalization of the currency.
The reasons for the inclusion of the Chinese yuan in the basket of special drawing rights of the International Monetary Fund and the prospects for the growth of its role as a global reserve currency are considered.

The article indicates the relevance of the development of ecological tourism as a promising direction in the tourism industry at the present stage. The paper provides an overview and analysis of the work of scientists who conducted research in the field of studying the development of ecological tourism. During the study, the authors identified regions in which there is an active development of ecological tourism. The reasons for the increased demand for tourists to visit the studied regions of our country are indicated. As a result of the analysis, the main problems affecting the development of ecological tourism in the regions are identified, due to which the pace of development of this direction decreases.
Based on the results of the study, the authors developed and substantiated measures that will have a positive impact on solving the identified problems in the framework of the development of ecological tourism. The study allowed the authors to formulate a reasonable conclusion that for the further development of ecological tourism in the regions and timely solution of problems, support is needed not only from the state and interested parties, but also active attraction of investors.

The article is devoted to an urgent topic related to the identification of features and problems in assessing the effectiveness of public and municipal management. It is the effectiveness of management that largely determines the social satisfaction of members of society. The purpose of the article is to reveal the features and importance of management efficiency as a multi-valued category. Objectives of the article: to consider the effectiveness of management as a subject of research in various scientific fields and schools; to justify the need for the use of new, client-oriented technologies in management; to propose the author's concept of "ecosystem of state development"; to show the importance of budgetary efficiency in the activities of public sector institutions.
The provisions and practical recommendations formulated in the article are of particular interest and may be useful to managers of different levels of government. Thus, when evaluating the effectiveness of public sector institutions, it is proposed to take into account not only traditional, material factors, but also non-material ones. It is concluded that the main guideline for evaluating the effectiveness of budgetary institutions and organizations of the public sector of the economy is to improve the quality of life of the population.

The paper raises the issue of global practice of the death penalty. Recently, in connection with global threats of terrorism, there is a growing civil demand for lawful punishment for those who have committed especially serious crimes. In the public discourse is often found reasoning on the topic of the death penalty. The purpose of this article is to determine the legal status of capital punishment in the countries of the world and to identify the prevalence of this type of punishment. The paper analyzes international normative treatises related to Russia and restricting the use of the death penalty, and studies the practice of its use in the United States and China.

Currently, the development of tools in the field of communication between management structures and the public is becoming an integral part of the functionality of state and municipal government. Within the framework of this article, the authors wanted to demonstrate that the active introduction of Public Relations tools in state and municipal management are necessary requirements of modern society, which contributes to fruitful interaction between the population, government and business, and increases the efficiency of state and municipal government in the interests of citizens.

In the context of globalization and increasing environmental responsibility, the relevance of the development of internal audit in China is due to the need to integrate ESG principles into corporate strategy. The purpose of this study is to identify the role of internal audit in the implementation of ESG initiatives and identify areas for its improvement in the context of these principles. The authors aim to analyze the current state and prospects for the development of internal audit, especially in terms of compliance and efficiency, as part of ESG risk management. The work has significant scientific and practical significance, since it offers an integrated approach to adapting internal audit to ESG requirements, which is new in this area. Key results include the development of guidelines for integrating ESG principles into the activities of internal auditors, as well as proposals for improving risk management, control and corporate governance processes. The study's findings highlight the importance of auditors having broad access to information, including non-financial information, to improve the quality of assessment and the efficiency of business processes.

The article reveals the main aspects of the introduction of a shortened work schedule into Russian labor practice. The relevance of the topic is currently confirmed not only by the public social need, but also by the requirements of technological development of society. Employees of organizations, regardless of their forms of ownership, are waiting for changes in approaches to the organization of working time and space. The challenges of the time contribute to the transition to more flexible forms of employment, including remote work, as well as to a reduction in working hours. The article reveals the main norms of the Russian labor legislation, which currently allow working on a flexible schedule, including a shortened working week. The issue of the introduction of a shortened working week is considered through the prism of a historical perspective. The problematic issues of introducing a shortened working week are highlighted. Using the example of national practice of experiments with shortening working hours, the main options that can be used when implementing a shortened working week in Russia are structured.