The authors of the article consider the issues of interregional inequality and the formation of the financial culture of the population. The purpose of the article is to study the relationship and mutual influence of interregional inequality and the financial culture of the population of the regions, as well as the directions of their regulation. The authors have found that in the aspect of studying financial culture and financial literacy, economic and social factors of inequality of territories (in terms of income, expenses, consumer preferences of citizens) that affect financial decision-making by the population, the directions of their expenses, savings opportunities, and propensity to lend are of particular importance. The results of the study showed that the interrelationships of territorial inequality and financial culture are complex and multifaceted, characterized by interregional differences. In addition, the formation of a financial culture is a factor that reduces the inequality of territories, improves the quality of life of their population, and smoothing inequality becomes the basis for the growth of financial culture and financial literacy of the population. Thus, it is advisable to take into account the conclusions obtained when forming directions for improving the financial culture of the population of certain territories.

The relevance of the article is due to the fact that the migration activity of the population plays an important role in the structure of the regional economy. Interregional migration flows largely determine the parameters of the economic stability of the region in terms of the impact on the volume and structure of human capital of regional economic entities and forming demand in terms of the development of regional markets. The purpose of the article is to analyze the dynamics of migration flows within the framework of the regional economy using the example of the Omsk region. The objectives of the study are to review the dynamics of migration of the population of the Omsk region, identify current trends in regional migration flows, identify the causes of possible negative consequences and identify growth zones from the perspective of formation and adjustment of the dynamics of regional migration flows by state regulation. The practical significance of the study lies in the application of a systematic approach in terms of analyzing regional economic stability and considering migration as a factor shaping the systemic state of the region's economy. The research work carried out made it possible to assess the current trends of the regional economy in terms of migration, identify growth areas and clarify the effectiveness of the measures applied by state regulation.

The article presents the results of a study on the implementation of two government programs: preferential mortgages for the purchase of new buildings and a mortgage program for residents of the Far East. Based on the analysis of data from the Central Bank and Sberbank of Russia, reasonable conclusions were drawn that the population of the Russian Federation during 2020-2024 deviated from the goal set for a preferential mortgage program with a loan rate of 8% per annum. Preferential loans were received by high-income segments of the population, the volume of financing was unnecessarily significant. As a result, the program did not achieve its goal of helping the needy segments of the population to purchase housing. The model of targeted financing of the purchase of real estate for residents of the Far East is also considered, the resulting indicators of which indicate the feasibility of such a model. Based on the analysis, recommendations have been developed for the design of a state program for financing the purchase of housing, the use of which will definitely have a positive impact in the future.

The relevance of the work is due to the expansion of the role of integration associations in the global economic space. Global economic, financial and geopolitical crises have led to a rethinking of the role of the state in regulating socio-economic processes. The article analyzes the impact of public debt on economic growth in the EAEU countries using data for a 23-year period (2000-2022). The indicator of public debt is estimated through the gross debt of the public administration sector, the real growth rate of GDP per capita was used for economic growth. The linear regression parameters were estimated using the least squares method. The methodological basis of the study is based on the correlation and regression analysis of time data for the EAEU countries. The results of the study show that the increase in public debt is inversely related to economic growth, the calculated coefficients of public debt were negative, while the scale of the negative impact on economic growth varied. The influence of other factors determining economic growth through a set of control variables revealed a positive and statistically significant impact of investments in all countries in the period 2000-2022. When implementing a fiscal stimulus policy, the free fiscal space can ensure an increase in public investment. Given these findings, monitoring the level of public debt and increasing investments to support economic growth are of great importance. The directions of further research are related to taking into account the fiscal space in forecasting economic growth.

The reform of the state programs management carried out in 2022 in the Russian Federation also led to a reform of the mechanism for evaluating their effectiveness.
The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations for the development of a mechanism for evaluating the Russian Federation government programs effectiveness. The scientific significance of the article lies in determining the key features of the mechanism for evaluating the Russian Federation government programs effectiveness, taking into account the updated methodology for calculating this assessment. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the results of the study can be used when making changes to the current mechanism for evaluating the Russian Federation government programs effectiveness and developing other documents necessary to establish objective results of the implementation of state programs in the Russian Federation.

By 2024, the socio-economic and political situation in the world is undergoing global changes and is undergoing a stage of reconstruction. The Russian Federation is the main irritant for Western countries, which leads to an increase in sanctions pressure on the country.
In this regard, the Russian Federation public administration system, including strategic, requires qualitative changes to increase the system effectiveness of responding to increasing risks in the field of maintaining the stability of political, economic, social, cultural and other spheres of society.
The purpose of this work is to study the current state of state strategic planning tools and the prospects for their improvement. The scientific significance of the article lies in determining possible directions for improving the strategic planning system. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the results of the study can be used in the development of updated state strategic planning documents, including in the Russian Federation national projects development for the period up to 2030.
Based on the analysis, problems were identified and directions were proposed for improving the tools of state strategic planning in the Russian Federation in terms of their methodology, which consist in the need to adjust the content of strategic state planning documents, the formation of additional methods of their state financial control and efficiency assessment.

In the context of increasing levels of geopolitical and geo-economic uncertainties, the problems of timely identification of the threats caused by them are more urgent than ever, and the effectiveness of the developed response measures depends on their adequate solution. Applying normative and functional analyses, the author identifies and classifies the external threats to economic security that are relevant at the beginning of 2025 and, based on the method of scientific abstraction, reveals the root causes of their occurrence. Using factor analysis and an evidence-based approach, the article substantiates the need to take into account all geopolitical and geo-economic factors when forming and implementing plans for the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation, including the projected adjustment of the policies of countries unfriendly to us and the expected reaction of the allied states to it. The disclosure of the stated topic will make it possible to identify the range of existing urgent external threats to Russia's economic security and timely select the necessary mechanisms and tools to neutralize them.

One of the most significant assets of an enterprise in the real sector of the economy is modern production equipment, which, as practice shows, has a high cost. Depending on the scale of production and types of products, its price can range from hundreds of thousands to billions of rubles. In this regard, not all enterprises can afford such large capital investments. That is why some of them prefer more affordable ways to purchase equipment on credit or leasing. However, in this case, it is important for the management of enterprises to have information about the most economically acceptable source of external financing for the acquisition of production assets. The purpose of the study is to assess the economic efficiency of leasing operations for agricultural organizations, which requires solving the problems of comparative calculation of cash flows from different external sources of financing compared with leasing, taking into account the implementation of the state program for the development of agriculture in the country. The significance of the study lies in the fact that the presented results in the form of the proposed comparative assessment methodology solve the problem of choosing the most attractive and effective source of capital investment financing from the point of view of capital management.

In the context of increasing global turbulence and geoeconomic transformation, operational analysis of macroeconomic indicators of countries becomes relevant. The article presents an approach to the primary analysis of macroeconomic data of a country in the context of its integration into global economic relations. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the analysis of economic indicators for international economic relations. The authors believe that successful management of economic integration processes, as well as the development of effective proposals and strategies for their development, require not only data collection, but also their in-depth analysis using various methods, such as graphical, descriptive and correlation analysis. The practical significance of the study is that specific recommendations have been developed for conducting macroeconomic data analysis using the example of analyzing the indicator "Export of goods and services of Turkey".

In the article, the authors set the goal of considering the characteristics of consumer behavior from the perspective of generational theory. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the characteristics of generational groups of consumers in the process of making their purchase decisions were identified. The scientific significance of the work lies in substantiating the feasibility of using the theory of generations as a basis for segmenting consumers and, as a consequence, applying it in developing marketing approaches in working with various groups of consumers, when designing a concentrated and differentiated market coverage strategy. The study shows that the characteristics of consumer behavior in different generational groups allow us to talk about the differentiation of elements of the marketing mix. The practical significance of the work lies in determining the characteristics of the choice, purchase of goods / services by consumers of different generational groups. The concept of the value of each generational group is touched upon, which must be taken into account when developing a product / organization positioning policy. The study of the characteristics of the decision-making process about purchasing by consumers of different generations proves the prioritization of the use of digital tools in organizing marketing activities.

Presented article statistically analyzes the width and depth of ICT coverage in the regions of the Russian Federation in comparison with other countries. The relevance of the study is determined by the relationship between the development of ICT and the socio-economic situation of the regions. The practical interest of studying the problems of ICT development is the development of measures to deepen ICT in the regions of the Russian Federation. The hypothesis of our study is that ICT affects the socioeconomic development of the region while simultaneously fulfilling indicators from three selected groups: population, state, competencies. The novelty of the study lies in the need to study the development of ICT at 4 stages of its deepening. The analysis showed that the regions of the Russian Federation succeeded at stage 1, while at stages 2-4 there is a significant lag behind the leading countries. An essential growth point for development is the development of human capital in ICT.

The purpose of the work is to assess the current state of economic security of the Russian small business sector and identify, assess and classify the existing risks of its development. Applying an evidence-based approach and functional analysis, the author determines its place in the Russian economic system and assesses the impact of the state of economic security of the Institute of small business on the level of economic security of Russia, emphasizing their correlation interdependence. Using normative analysis and methods of scientific abstraction, the paper shows the mechanisms and tools for achieving an optimal state of economic security used by the actors involved in the process, the key of which is the state. Based on factorial and dynamic analysis, the article substantiates the need to step up the own efforts of small businesses to ensure the sustainability and economic security of their businesses and to transfer this work to a systematic and scientifically based basis. The disclosure of the stated goal will increase the effectiveness of activities to ensure the sustainability and economic security of both the small business sector and the economy as a whole, and accelerate the achievement of national development goals.

In the context of stricter requirements in the field of environmental protection, the traditional business model is being replaced by a "green" one, the advantages of which are due to increased investment attractiveness, the reputation of the organization, and customer loyalty. The sanctions pressure also imposes certain restrictions on the business model of Russian organizations. The analysis of the scientific literature led the authors to the conclusion that it is necessary to develop the concept of a "green" business model. In this regard, the purpose of the scientific research is to identify the specifics of the "green" business model formed in the context of import substitution. The achievement of the goal was facilitated by the solution of the following tasks: the presentation of a systematic approach to the interpretation of the concept of a "green" business model, the clarification of the structural elements of a "green" business model, the formation of key characteristics of the organization's transition program to a "green" business model. The scientific significance is due to the development of the conceptual provisions of the "green" economy by clarifying the definition of the "green business model" and the current directions of its formation and transformation. The practical significance of the research lies in the development of the main theses of the business model transformation program, applicable in the activities of an organization implementing a corporate strategy for sustainable development.
As a result of the study, the concept of a "green" business model is clarified, adequate to the conditions of the radical transformation of the Russian economy, formed at the junction of the concept of sustainable development, innovation, import substitution and digitalization; the content of the key structural blocks of the "green" business model of the organization is revealed, focused on aspects of greening, digitalization, technologization and import substitution; The provisions on the development and implementation of the organization's transition program to a "green" business model (stages, goals, objectives, principles) are formulated, differing in the inclusion of import substitution policy requirements, which determines the novelty of the study. As a conclusion, the need for a systematic and balanced implementation of tools to increase the competitiveness of a modern organization, including measures in the field of environmental protection, digitalization, R&D, and import conservation, is voiced.

The relevance of accounting and estimating lost budget revenues related to tax incentives is due to the integration of conceptual provisions on tax expenditures into the public finance management system of most countries. As a shortfall in budget revenues, tax expenditures should contribute to the emergence of positive socio-economic effects and returns in the medium and long term.
The purpose of the study is to identify the problems of assessing tax expenditures and the risks of changes in their volume in the medium term based on a systematic analysis. The objectives of the study were solved by dividing tax expenditures into groups according to resource and program criteria, identifying deviations in the process of analyzing the structure, dynamics, and forecast of tax expenditures in the period 2021-2027. The information and analytical base of the study consisted of the provisions of documents on tax expense management, forward-looking documents, information systems, official websites of international organizations and authorities. The scientific significance of the study lies in the proposed classification approach. The practical significance includes the directions of implementing the program principles and fine-tuning the tax expense management mechanism through the development of the information system.
The study revealed the economic and fiscal risks of changes in the volume of shortfall in budget revenues. Economic risks are associated with a slowdown in global economic dynamics and an increase in the production of export raw materials by oil exporting countries. Fiscal risks are primarily associated with an increase in the corporate income tax rate. It is highly likely that an increase in the tax burden will lead to an expansion of indirect measures of state support for economic entities through tax mechanisms. Among the internal factors is the need to implement program and project documents in conditions of a deficit in the federal budget and high interest rates that limit the use of government borrowing.

Currently, a priority role is given to ensuring financial and economic security. The article attempts to reflect the essence of this term from the standpoint of a cost-based approach. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need to create a regional fund aimed at ensuring security. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of a model of financial and economic security of the region. The practical significance of the work includes the main directions for improving state security policy. The value of the conducted research lies in a systematic approach to the study of financial and economic security, since it is a criterion for regional development. In conclusion, conclusions are drawn about the need for further in-depth study of security issues at the regional level.

The purpose of the article is to study the mechanism of value chain formation on electronic trading platforms (ETP). To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set and solved: development of a classification of approaches to the formation of value chains on ETPs; construction of a scheme for the mechanism of formation of value chains on ETPs; study of the Russian ETP market; analysis of the most common strategies in Russia for the formation of value chains on ETPs.
The relevance of the study is related to the fact that ETPs significantly increase the efficiency of interorganizational links of value chains, and also provide the opportunity to establish intercompany interactions that are difficult to implement without ETPs. The results of the study can be applied by existing and potential ETP participants when making decisions about choosing a strategy for interaction with counterparties. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that none of the currently existing publications has examined the mechanism for the formation of value chains on ETPs.
Some of the key results of the study were the classification of approaches to the formation of value chains on ETPs and the scheme of the mechanism for the formation of value chains on ETPs. The most common strategies for building value chains on ETPs in Russia were also identified, and recommendations were given to existing and potential ETP participants.

The digital transformation of public administration is primarily focused on the introduction of digital services in the social sector to ensure a high level of citizen satisfaction with the quality of public services. The purpose of the study was to determine trends in further transformation of the social sphere as a result of the introduction of the principle of proactivity and the use of digital technologies. The process of digitalization of socially significant services is considered based on the progressive introduction of new principles for organizing their provision, the structure of a super service is presented, and key directions for further digitalization of services in the healthcare sector are identified. The presented results can be used in further interdisciplinary research on issues of seamless interaction between public administration and the private sector of the economy.

The relevance of the paper is determined by the growing trade conflict between the world's largest economies, which disrupts established value chains and causes changes in the global economy. The aim is to analyse the impact of the trade conflict on the participation of China and the US in the Global Value Chains (GVCs) and to assess the consequences of protectionist policies on bilateral trade. The study solves the tasks of analysing the theoretical foundations of the GVCs, studying the dynamics of trade interaction between the countries, and identifying the changes caused by trade restrictions. The scientific and practical significance of the work lies in assessing the impact of trade confrontation on global economic processes and identifying changes in the structure of international trade, which can be useful for the development of international trade strategies. The conclusion is drawn about the negative impact of trade standoffs on the dynamics of bilateral exports as well as intra-GVC trade (by estimating the dynamics of the GVCs Participation Index for exports for 2000, 2007-2022) and the continued importance of the US-China economic relationship, especially within the GVCs. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that it analyses long-term changes in the structure of the GVCs and assesses the implications of the policy of ‘decoupling’ economies for global trade processes.

The article examines the influence of TNCs on the state of economic security of states in the context of the globalization of the world economy. The relevance of the topic is due to the use of politicized instruments for regulating the activities of TNCs in most countries of the world and, as a result, the presence of various forms of socio-economic and industrial-technological development, which needs to be studied in order to ensure Russia's economic security. The purpose of the work is to assess the global problems that hinder economic security under the influence of the activities of multinational corporations. The scientific and practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of a more effective solution to the problems arising under the influence of TNCs that hinder the sustainable and safe development of the country's economy.
The results of the conducted research are presented by the classification characteristics of global problems and the theoretical analysis of their impact on economic development and economic security. The threats to economic development arising under the influence of TNCs related to the growth of global corporations, the redistribution of the production and sales market, fierce competition, and the advantageous location of TNC branches and structures have been identified.

The relevance of the work is due to the growing role of domestic tourism in the socio-economic development of Russian regions. The goal is to identify the key factors influencing interregional cooperation in the tourism industry and propose a model for its effective development. The study set the objectives of analyzing existing problems related to infrastructure, personnel shortages and seasonality of tourism, as well as considering successful examples of interregional projects. A model for the development of interregional cooperation in tourism is proposed, which will allow regions to use their tourism potential more effectively. The results of the study show that successful interregional cooperation helps to increase the attractiveness of tourist destinations, develop infrastructure and create conditions for sustainable growth.

The aim of the work is to identify and analyze current external threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation and to develop recommendations on using the potential of the BRICS to effectively counter them. Using a retrospective analysis, the author reveals the fundamental principles of the creation of BRICS and explains the motives of the founding countries, defining the organization's place in the global socio-economic system. Applying an evidence-based approach and functional analysis, the paper describes the current state of the potential of the international economic association and defines the forms and methods of its implementation in order to ensure the development of the Russian economy, increase its stability and level of security. Based on normative analysis and methods of scientific abstraction, the article shows the mechanisms and forms of cooperation among BRICS members to collectively counteract current external challenges and threats. Using factorial and dynamic analysis, the researcher proves the positive impact of this process on achieving the national development goals of all participating countries. The most complete disclosure of the withered topic will reduce the negative impact of external threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation, increase the stability and reliability of its socio-economic system.

This study is devoted to the social and political ideas of the leader of the Kurdish revolutionary movement Abdullah Ocalan on women's emancipation. The purpose of the article is to reveal the main theses of the concept of "jineology" (from the Kurdish word "jin" – woman) – the political theory of the female social revolution, the author of which is Abdullah Ocalan. The relevance of the topic of the article is related to the issues of the political and legal status of women in the Middle East and the unique social experiment that is currently taking place in Syrian Kurdistan. The revolutionary forces in Rojava (Syrian Kurdistan) have managed to build a society based on respect for human rights and gender equality. The scientific value of the work lies in the fact that there are few studies in Russian science devoted to the ideas of Abdullah Ocalan's women's revolution. Most of the materials are either works by foreign authors, or journalistic materials.

The political and legal maturity of modern Russia as a political and social state is largely determined by its ability to protect the rights and legitimate interests of crime victims, including to compensate for the harm caused to them. The international community has accumulated impressive experience in compensatory activities of States as part of their policy in ensuring the rights of victims of crimes, including in special situations (failure to identify a person to be held criminally responsible, commission of an act by an insane person, expiration of the statute of limitations, etc. Solving such problems is one of the top priorities for the Russian Federation.
The purpose of the scientific research is defined, which is expressed in analyzing a number of international legal acts that regulate the mechanism for protecting the rights and legitimate interests of victims in a criminal case. In this regard, the objectives are to compare and implement international standards with similar Russian legal regulations.
The political and legal maturity of the State is largely determined not only by its self-sufficiency in combating crime, but also by its ability to provide victims of crime with adequate protection of their rights as participants in criminal proceedings, as well as compensation for the harm caused by the crime.
The institute of compensation for harm to victims of crimes is based on an international legal platform, since there are many international normative legal acts and treaties dealing with this problem [1, pp. 350–361].
The value of the conducted research lies in substantiating the need to create a special fund. The state, at the expense of funds from a special section of the federal budget being formed for these purposes, can compensate for the damage caused to the victim (within reasonable limits, partially), and in the future it is imperative to recover the amounts paid from the convicted person or limit itself to payment when such a recourse recovery is impossible. The introduction of such an order, in turn, presupposes the adoption of a specialized federal law and the introduction of appropriate amendments to criminal and criminal procedure legislation.

The objective side of crimes is a set of external circumstances of the commission of a crime, including the act, consequences, causal relationship between them, as well as the circumstances of time, place, method, etc. A correct description of the signs of the objective side for corruption offenses allows you to determine a set of legal instruments, the use of which will contribute to improving the effectiveness of combating corruption offenses, in particular including on their own in commercial organizations.
The present study is aimed at identifying common features inherent in the external circumstances of the commission of corruption crimes and determining the tools that will allow the formation of an anticorruption policy of commercial organizations in order to level the possibilities for the relevant persons to implement the objective side of corruption crimes.
In this regard, the author examines the list of corruption crimes in order to identify common features of the external circumstances of the commission of corruption crimes, and on their basis an attempt will be made to form a list of tools for the effective implementation of anti-corruption measures.

The relevance of the research topic lies in the need for a clear definition of criteria for distinguishing abuse of official authority from acts that are not crimes. The criminal law, as one of the conditions for qualifying an act as an abuse of official authority, indicates the clearness of going beyond these powers, however, it is unclear from the text of the law what is meant by this clearness.
The scientific significance of the work lies in the study of legal doctrine and judicial practice on the qualification of abuse of office and a critical assessment of the need for the existence of a sign of "clarity" as a prerequisite for qualification under Article 286 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The practical significance lies in the potential opportunities for improving the law, investigative, prosecutorial and judicial practice and more effective fight against official crimes. The value of the conducted research lies in the analysis and critical assessment of the sign of "clarity", which has been studied very rarely separately in criminal law science to date.
The author comes to the conclusion that the use of the word "explicitly" and the conditions for "explicitly" going beyond the limits of official authority in the disposition of the norm of Part 1 of Article 286 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is unnecessary. This contradicts the principles of equality, guilt, the presumption of innocence and the objectives of the criminal law.

The relevance of the research topic lies in the increasing role of renewable energy sources in the energy balance of the Republic of Armenia and the tendency to increase the volume of construction of relevant generation facilities, in particular, solar power plants. The scientific significance of the work lies in the understanding of foreign experience, in particular, the regulatory potential of the energy sector of modern Armenia. The value of the conducted research lies in the formation of systemic provisions that contribute to strengthening cooperation in the field of construction of energy facilities, which are aimed at countering the unfriendly actions of third countries that complicate the joint activities of Russian and Armenian companies.
Based on the results of the study, it was proposed to recommend that the Russian Ministry of Energy, together with the Russian Foreign Ministry, Rosatom State Corporation and interested energy companies, work with the Armenian side on the adoption of a new comprehensive program of bilateral cooperation in the field of energy, including a section (subprogram) on long-term cooperation in the field of design, construction, modernization and maintenance of energy facilities by Russian companies on the territory of the Republic of Armenia.

The work notes that the child independently acquires and exercises certain family rights, the rest of the rights are exercised on his behalf by his legal representatives or by himself with their consent. It is determined that a minor, regardless of age, has the right to express his opinion on issues that affect his interests, and taking into account the child's opinion becomes mandatory when he reaches the age of 10. It has been established that this norm, as a rule, is not taken into account when deciding on the use of the circumcision rite in relation to boys and when modifying the body of underage girls with piercing (piercing of earlobes). The argument is given in favor of the fact that it is necessary to take into account the opinion of a child who has reached the age of 10 when making a decision by parents or other legal representatives on violation of the physical integrity of the child.
The identification of the correlation between the child's right to express his opinion and the right to physical privacy will allow using conclusions and suggestions in law-making activities in the context of improving family and civil legislation, in the law enforcement activities of courts, in further scientific research of the considered or related issues.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the main activities of the Prosecutor's office of the Russian Federation at the present stage. The concept of "functions of the prosecutor's office" is studied taking into account the provisions of modern practical and general theoretical studies of this category, and the definition of the concept of "function of the prosecutor's office" is given. The function of the Prosecutor's office is a key legal category that reveals the content of the prosecutor's office. But to date, science has not developed a unified approach to the definition of this legal phenomenon, which entails a number of theoretical and practical problems.
The purpose of the work is to analyze such a category as "function", to study existing scientific approaches to determining the concept of "function of the prosecutor's office", to identify the characteristic features of this legal category, reflecting in detail the purpose of the Prosecutor's office of the Russian Federation as a state body in the mechanism of the state.
As a result of the research, the author's position regarding the nature of the legal category under study is substantiated. Based on the analysis of the current legislation, the authors make proposals to improve the current legislation regarding the regulation of a clear list of functions of the prosecutor's office and their content.

Continuity is a multifaceted phenomenon, the manifestations of which can be found in the development of all elements of the legal system and at various levels of legal regulation. The relevance of the author's research is primarily ensured by the specifics of succession, which lies in the fact that the study of succession relations in law involves not only referring to the legal experience of previous years, but also to current legal provisions, including such manifestations as succession relations in the individual contractual regulation of private law relations. In this article, the author explores the directions of continuity in the development of law and other components of the legal system within the framework of individual contractual regulation.
The purpose of the author's research within the framework of this article is to identify and theoretically study such a manifestation of continuity in Russian private law as continuity in individual legal regulation. The achievement of these tasks is facilitated by solving the tasks of studying individual manifestations of continuity in private law individual contractual regulation, including paying scientific attention to Roman private law, the reception of which is a fairly vivid example of continuity.
The author concludes that the development of law, legal technology, legal awareness and legal science within the framework of individual contractual regulation takes place on a continuous basis. Mainly, continuity is manifested in strengthening the importance of an individual contract, expanding the scope of individual contractual regulation.

Economic legislation is one of the most dynamically developing in the Russian legal system in recent decades. The phenomena of transformation of the system of property, economic, entrepreneurial, financial, tax and other similar relations require timely scientific understanding and adequate, including proactive, reflection in the legal system of the state. In particular, the authors of the article carried out a scientific reflection on the processes taking place in modern Russian criminal and economic legislation. The object of the study was the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation in its dynamics over the past three decades, the results of its scientific interpretations by domestic scientists. In the course of the research, the authors used methods of analysis and synthesis, classification and systematization, taxonomic, historical, comparative legal and other private scientific methods. Scientific substantiation and author's formulation of the system of crimes in the field of economic activity provided for in Chapter 22 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation were undertaken. The use of the multilevel classification method will facilitate the construction of a unified crime system, both in the field of economic activity and in the field of economics as a whole.

In the context of rapid technological progress, artificial intelligence is becoming a key element in economic development. At the moment, there is no legal framework regulating the activities of AI and intellectual property. The main objective of this study is to analyze the legal aspects of using the results of intellectual activity in training artificial intelligence and protecting the results of its work. Research in this area allows us to identify significant gaps in the legislation and offers recommendations for eliminating them. The results of the work can be useful for legislators, researchers in the field of law and technology, as well as for business representatives. The work confirms the existence of two contradictory approaches to the legality of using information on the Internet. This study comprehensively analyzes the legal gaps in the context of the use of artificial intelligence and intellectual property. The work also identifies areas for the development of new legislative initiatives aimed at creating a balanced regulatory system.

The norms establishing criminal liability for engaging in organized criminal activity serve as the legislative basis for combating the most dangerous types of crime. The system of these norms is developing due to the inclusion of new crimes in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which establish the characteristics of organized criminal groups: Articles 205.4, 205.5, 282.1, 282.2, 281.3 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The objective of the study is to identify theoretical and practical problems of legislative regulation of organized criminal activity and formulate proposals for their resolution. The objectives of the study are: to determine the relationship between the institution of complicity and the crimes establishing liability for engaging in organized criminal activity; to classify these crimes. A gang, a criminal community, a terrorist, extremist, sabotage community, a terrorist and extremist organization are not forms of complicity in a crime. All types of organized criminal groups known to Russian criminal law can be divided into special types of organized groups (Articles 209, 205.4, 281.3 and 282.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) and those that are not (Articles 205.5, 208, 210 and 282.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).

The article examines the issues of qualification of crimes related to the illegal cultivation of plants containing narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances. The public danger of the illegal cultivation of such plants is manifested in the promotion of their illegal trafficking, and as a result, the growth of drug addiction, which poses a threat to public health. The article proposes to clarify the range of plants and mushrooms related to the subject of the crime of Article 231 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation; consider sowing seeds of narcotic plants in the ground and placing them in water as methods of illegally cultivating narcotic plants. The goals and objectives of the scientific research are to analyze theoretical provisions and judicial practice to identify controversial provisions that affect the qualification of the illegal cultivation of narcotic plants.

The article indicates that the illegal cultivation of narcotic plants has an increased degree of public danger, since it threatens the health of the population, especially when selling raw materials in the form of narcotic plants and their parts, from which narcotic drugs are subsequently produced. Therefore, it is important to establish all crimes committed by persons involved in the illegal cultivation of narcotic plants, as well as the intent to commit other actions that are not covered by the objective side of Art. 231 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The paper draws conclusions about the need to carefully study: signs of the objective side of the illegal cultivation of narcotic plants; facts of their illegal cultivation and further disposal of grown drug-containing plants; committing illegal cultivation of narcotic plants at different times, but with their subsequent storage in one place; statute of limitations for the crime committed under Art. 231 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The provisions and conclusions are essential for legislative practice.

The relevance of the issues discussed in the article is related to the fact that unauthorized excavations destroy sources that could become the object of studying and recreating the past, respectively, they deprive society of history, which is detrimental to the spiritual development of the individual, society and the state. The destruction of archaeological heritage sites can lead to falsification of history, which in turn negatively affects geopolitical, military-strategic and socio-economic changes in the world. The purpose and objectives of this study is to develop proposals aimed at optimizing the criminal law protection of archaeological heritage items, taking into account the existing domestic experience in this field. The studied domestic experience of criminal law protection of archaeological objects allowed the authors to substantiate the need to amend the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. As the main results, the authors propose their own version of paragraph 2 of Article 243.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

The comparative legal analysis of the legal protection of the charters of municipalities by legislative and executive authorities at the federal level of government, carried out within the framework of this study, allows us to understand the significance of the participation of these public authorities at the local level of government.
The objectives of the research are to identify key problems and ways to solve them related to the legal protection of the charters of municipalities. The main objectives of the study include the analysis of the norms of Russian legislation on the general principles of the organization of public power in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the powers exercised by the legislative and executive branches of government within the framework of the legal protection of municipalities.
The author emphasizes that the powers related to the legal protection of the charters of municipalities relate only to the powers of state authorities of the Russian Federation.
The main results of the ongoing research are the identification of a number of key problems, as well as the introduction of proposals for improving the legislation of the Russian Federation at the federal level of government.

Compliance in modern realities is becoming a daily business practice, an important component in the management system of business entities of various types and fields of activity. The interest of lawyers in this phenomenon is determined by the purpose of compliance, which is to ensure that the activities of an economic entity comply with current legislation, regulatory requirements, internal documents of the company, as well as best business practices. The purpose of the study is to clarify the content and essence of compliance as a legal category, to determine its place in the legal system. The objectives of the study are to analyze the legal features of various types of compliance, to study compliance as an element of internal control of an economic entity and as a component of a corporate governance system, to substantiate the need and/or expediency of introducing compliance into the activities of economic entities of various types.
The scientific significance of the study is to establish the content of compliance as a legal category, the practical significance is to develop recommendations for the implementation of the compliance function in the management system of business entities. The scientific novelty of the study is manifested in the conclusions substantiating not only the expediency, but also the obligation of the compliance function as a component of the internal control system and an element of the intra-organizational (corporate) management of an economic entity. The results of the research can be used in the organization of legal and compliance functions, in the preparation of internal documents of the company in the field of compliance, in teaching disciplines of the cycle of entrepreneurial and corporate law.

The relevance of the topic stems from the need to search for new conceptualizations of children's subjectivity within the tradition of the new sociology of childhood. The purpose of the theoretical study is to designate a new labor approach to defining children's subjectivity. Within the framework of the designated goal, the following theoretical tasks were realized: the limitations of the existing approaches to children's subjectivity (philosophical, political, legal) were demonstrated; the history of the transformation of the relationship between children and labor was outlined; the social nature of the volume of children's participation in labor was demonstrated; the author's conceptualization of the relationship between labor and subjectivity of children was proposed; the prospects for empirical validation of the concept were outlined. The scientific and practical significance of the work can be deduced from the existing topical request of sociologists of the new sociology of childhood in the search for non-trivial ways of conceptualizing subjectivity, as well as in the conformity of the language of description with current social trends and phenomena (the spread of child employment, changes in legislation). Scientific novelty lies in the new author's view on the problem of children's subjectivity in the context of the existential theory of alienation of labor. resources.

The article considers the development of the methodology of the sociology of artificial intelligence. The authors of the article turn to the study of the influence of artificial intelligence on social processes. The purpose of the study is to assess the influence of artificial intelligence on the development of social intelligence of young people, communicative skills and readiness for interpersonal communication. The work highlights the main theoretical provisions of the concept of artificial intelligence. The areas of influence of artificial intelligence on various spheres of life are determined. The article presents the results of an empirical study of young people's ideas about the role of artificial intelligence in the education system, the development of the cognitive sphere, and communicative practices. The results of the study are aimed at increasing knowledge in the field of methodology of the sociology of artificial intelligence. The practical significance lies in the application of the research results to identify the role of artificial intelligence in the development of the social system, changing the social behavior of young people.

The relevance of the considered issues is due to Conception of State Family Policy completion by 2025, which Conception by the moment is the main strategic document in the domain.
The purpose of the study was the preliminary assessment of reaching planned indicators set by the Conception document, As a result of the study it was revealed that 9 out of 12 indicators are going to be met, as they have positive dynamic at the moment, while 3 the rest show negative dynamic as of today.
These preliminary results caused by both situational and objective reasons due to socio-economic background.
As a whole, keeping in mind modern realities, the study lets us consider the execution of the conceptions as rather successful. Moreover, there is a new national project «Family» starting by 2025, which is expected to continue improvements in some directions stated by the Conception.

Within the framework of this article, the study of reproductive function in the context of the institutional dynamics of the modern Russian family is carried out on the basis of a secondary analysis of data collected as part of a selective observation of the reproductive plans of the Russian population. The authors of the work emphasize that childbearing remains not only the most important macro-indicator of the development of society, ensuring the reproduction of the country's population, but also is a staple of family and marriage relations, providing an opportunity for the primary socialization of the younger generation, the formation of correct valuable attitudes. The analysis of the results of selective observation of the reproductive plans of the Russian population in 2022 made it possible to identify the peculiarities of the reproductive behavior of Russians, among whom the authors record the trend of the spread of civil marriages, especially among young people, the aging of motherhood and the orientation towards small children. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the analysis of the characteristics of reproductive behavior carried out within the framework of this study can be used by the regional authorities in the development of state family and demographic policy.

The article reveals the specifics of the use of ICT by teachers representing different age groups. The study is a continuation of previous work, in which heuristic possibilities of analyzing the sociodemographic features of digitalization of higher university education were demonstrated, with an emphasis on the influence of the gender factor of teachers on the methodological basis of the reflexive model of the summary assessment of the Likert scale. Based on the results of an empirical study, it is proved that differences in the level of proficiency in digital competencies of university teachers are largely determined not only by their age, but also by their work experience. It is concluded that among all age groups of teaching staff, the use of ICT in teaching students should be aimed at integrating digital and professional pedagogical competencies.
The scientific and practical significance of the study lies in an in-depth understanding of the influence of the age factor and professional experience on the use of ICT by university teachers, which will further develop the theory and practice of digital learning, creating the basis for further research in sociology and pedagogy.
The value and novelty of the research lies in the fact that as a result of the analysis of socio-demographic factors, valuable empirical data have been obtained, which not only expand the theoretical basis of the issue, but also create a practical basis for the effective implementation of digitalization in the educational process. Identifying the need to integrate digital and pedagogical competencies, adapting methods and approaches to the needs of different age categories, opens up new opportunities for the development of educational programs that contribute to the professional development of teachers in the modern digital era.

The article examines the problems of the formation of family values of modern Russian youth caused by the influence of Western values and the generation gap. A comparative analysis of the decline of family values among the youth of Western and eastern societies is given. An increase in individualism, a decrease in communications, the loss of traditional values, and the differentiation of society are recognized as the causes of the decline of family values. The results of an applied sociological study are presented, during which the opinions of young people about the main causes and consequences of the decline of the institution of family and family values are revealed. The results of this study are of great practical importance and can be used to form youth policy in educational organizations and the media to promote family values. The opinions on the need to increase the prestige of the institution of the family and the key ways to increase the prestige of the family lifestyle among young people through propaganda and advertising in the media are revealed. The negative trends in the development of the institution of family and family values in Russian society in the form of refusal to create a family, the development of the Childfree movement are investigated. The reproductive plans of young people for the future to create their own official families have been revealed. The means of developing family values in children is recognized as their own example of behavior and maintaining family relations, involvement in educational activities.

As a result of the growth of natural population decline in Russia, the issue of increasing the birth rate and developing effective measures to create more large families is acute. The dynamics of measures to support large families in Russia is analyzed. The article presents the results of a sociological study aimed at analyzing the image of large families among the youth of the Tver region. The results of this study will help to form the most effective policy of measures to increase the birth rate and create large families among young people. A sufficient degree of awareness about the existing benefits for large families has been revealed. The main benefits that could encourage young people to create their own large family are preferential mortgages, allocation of free land, and tax cuts. The measures proposed by the respondents to introduce additional measures for the development of large families in Russia have been identified.

This article focuses on studying the problems of loneliness. The research identifies the phenomenon of “a lonely person” and offers its interpretation. The article solves the problems of determining the causes of loneliness and ways to solve these questions based on a sociological survey. It is proven that the social environment is the main condition for the spread of the problem of loneliness today. And the novelty of this study lies in the fact that a modern young person tries to solve the problem of loneliness through the prism of loneliness, thus driving himself further from the true path to solving this issue.

Based on the analysis of the latest approaches to the characterization of the concept of "sustainable development of rural areas" formulated in domestic scientific research and regulatory documents, the authors offer an original definition of the concept, focusing on its socio-humanitarian component, considering it to be decisive in the phenomenon under study. It is the social content and functions of sustainability of rural areas that are the key characteristics of the concept under consideration, due to the fact that they set its basic target value and prove the need to develop synergetic mechanisms for improving the social structure in rural areas. Meanwhile, domestic publications practically do not consider such important components of the socio-humanitarian and spiritual-ideological development of rural areas, which largely determine its sustainability, as: the preservation and revival of ethnicity, the interaction of sub-ethnic groups and interethnic relations, the renaissance of religiosity in rural areas, intra- and inter-confessional relations. The purpose of the article is to analyze the confessional aspect of the implementation of the social and humanitarian component of the concept of "sustainable development of rural areas" in relation to such a multi-ethnic Russian region as the Republic of Bashkortostan, and to develop specific methods for its implementation. The article proposes the implementation of various areas of activity as the main measures to implement the confessional aspect of the concept of "sustainable development of rural areas".

The purpose of this article is to analyze existing educational practices to preserve and expand the ethnocultural component in the education system of the Udmurt Republic. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the analysis of the ethnocultural component in a multi-ethnic republic is important not only for preventing conflicts on national grounds, but also in connection with the ongoing processes of assimilation, the transition of speakers of minority languages to the language of the majority, and the erosion of the ethnic characteristics of the peoples of Udmurtia. For systematic work in the field of ethnocultural and ethnolinguistic awareness and education, it is necessary to use not only the capabilities of schools, but also modern information and communication technologies; include elements of design and research activities in popular leisure forms of work with children and youth; work on a set of activities for ethnocultural and ethnolinguistic awareness and education on the Internet. The analysis of the "ethnic Internet" allows us to conclude that the arsenal of tools of ethnocultural education contained in the virtual space in the near future will become one of the highly effective complexes for the preservation and development of ethnic and territorial identification of representatives of regional society. The significance of the article for science lies in the fact that the authors present and describe in detail the range of ethnocultural educational practices and consider the specifics of their existence and implementation in the Udmurt Republic. The significance and value of the study for everyday practice lies in the fact that the article analyzes the system of ethnocultural educational practices of the educational, methodological and search and research plan; artistic, creative and leisure-entertainment nature, aimed at forming the ethnic and regional identity of the inhabitants of Udmurtia and contributing to the practical transfer of ethnocultural and ethnolingual knowledge and continuity of mechanisms for preserving ethnic diversity in the Udmurt Republic.

The most important task facing Russian humanities is to study the logical connections between various processes and phenomena in subcultures that influence modern society. These include the customs and traditions of the criminal prison subculture. The prison subculture in every possible way encourages asocial behavior patterns in correctional institutions; it is focused on supporting the ideas of illegal activity, which it spreads among ordinary citizens. By definition, it is incompatible with the implementation of constitutional rights of citizens, but has a significant impact on the everyday life of Russian society.
The purpose of the research is to analyze the manifestations of the prison subculture in the process of its gradual integration into public consciousness, identified among typical bearers of such a culture. To achieve this goal, the authors of the article need to solve the following tasks: to define the concept of «prison subculture» (in the context of the general cultural concept of «subculture»); to consider the characteristic and special features of the prison subculture; to provide examples of the formation of extremist ideas in Russian society by bearers of the prison subculture.
The scientific significance of the work lies in the fact that, based on the analysis of factual material, the main trends occurring among the bearers of the prison subculture are revealed. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that employees of correctional institutions, representatives of government agencies will be able to use the theoretical justifications and conclusions of the authors of the article in their activities. They can help competent specialists in identifying the mechanisms of the impact of the prison subculture on convicts; understand the degree of asocial potential of a particular community; identify the negative phenomena of the prison subculture present in the lives of ordinary citizens.
The authors come to the conclusion that the introduction of prison subculture into mass culture leads to the penetration of its norms into the everyday life of citizens and forms a specific language of hostility and aggression in the culture of everyday life. At present, there is a situation in which the prison subculture begins to absorb and integrate the «cultural codes» of other extremist movements. Equating the entire prison subculture to the extremist movement «AUE» leads not only to increased confrontation between the administration of correctional institutions and the contingent of prisoners.

The article discusses a specific topic. The importance of studying it is confirmed by highlighting several key points. First, not all conflicts are easy to study. The presence of their model descriptions allows us to analyze the possible development of the situation and find the best way to resolve it. Secondly, modeling, including mathematical modeling, opens up the possibility for the researcher to use modern computing technologies to calculate various options for the development of a conflict. This allows you to predict the likely outcome and its impact on the expected outcome. Finally, modeling on the example of the interaction of two individuals helps to understand how social distance in society affects the conditions for the emergence of such processes. We can take into account external influences and random factors, which makes modeling a particularly valuable tool for conflict research. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the possibilities of applying modeling to the analysis of family relationships and conflicts. The proposed model, which represents an image or scheme of the development of a particular conflict, was demonstrated on the basis of a real case. This example, based on empirical research data, clearly shows how effectively conflicts can be studied. It also gives an idea of whether modeling is the main or auxiliary tool in the analysis process.

In Russian sociology, the boundaries of small groups are usually considered based on their quantitative composition: the minimum number of group members (lower limit) and the maximum number (upper limit). But in reality, the boundaries of small groups can have not only these quantitative expressions. Insufficient research of this aspect determines the relevance of the research topic. Accordingly, the purpose of this work is to consider the boundaries of small groups without taking into account the quantitative aspect of their composition. The tasks that the author sets for himself: determining the totality of boundaries in small groups; in-depth consideration of the phenomenon of social boundaries; the role of their boundaries for small groups. Considering the boundaries of small groups in accordance with the formulated goal will clarify the sociological understanding of this phenomenon, which can optimize the conduct of sociological research in this area. The result of the presented work is the emphasis of researchers on the boundaries of small groups not in the quantitative aspect of their composition. The value of this work is the actualization of various real aspects of the boundaries of small groups.

For the first time, the article systematizes significant periods in the development of the market in China in practical and theoretical terms. The purpose of the article is to analyze the actual development of the market economy in China, since the 80s of the XX century, in conjunction with the scientific understanding of the ongoing processes in Chinese economic sociology. Problems related to the market have always been the main topic of economic sociology. In the process of researching market formation, economic sociology has developed many different points of view. Special attention is paid to the changes in the Chinese market under the influence of politics, culture and structure after the start of reforms and opening. The importance of indigenous (local) theories for understanding the uniqueness and development trajectories of the Chinese market is emphasized: the conclusion is made about the prospects for future research of Chinese economic sociology, especially in the context of the new policy of a single national market.
The results obtained can be used in further studies of Chinese sociology in general, and economic sociology in particular, to study the characteristic features and features of the institutionalization of branches of sociological knowledge.

This article addresses the pressing issue of attracting young professionals to public service through the formation and effective use of a talent pool. The study aims to analyze and summarize the experience of implementing innovative HR practices in various regions of Russia. The paper presents the results of examining HR strategies in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Tatarstan, and the Kaliningrad region. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms of selection, training, and promotion of young specialists in the public administration system. The scientific novelty of the research lies in a comprehensive analysis of regional approaches to talent pool formation and identification of the most effective practices. The practical significance of the work is in developing recommendations for improving the system of attracting youth to public service, which can be used by authorities at various levels. In conclusion, promising directions for further development of HR policy in public administration are proposed.

This article examines the possibility of using internships to attract candidates to the personnel reserve of the state civil service. The purpose of the study is the internship process as a mechanism for replenishing the personnel reserve of the state civil service. The work presents several definitions of the personnel reserve. Particular attention is paid to the concept of "internship" and its regulation by labor legislation. The scientific novelty of the study consists in identifying the existing problems of internships as a mechanism for replenishing the personnel reserve of the state civil service. The practical significance lies in the development of recommendations for improving the internship process, which can be used in the work of both government agencies and universities.

The relevance of the research topic is due to the increasing demand of researchers for the development and testing of a methodology aimed at obtaining pilot results based on social network data. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the potential of the developed research design in solving the designated problem. To achieve the goal, a number of research tasks were solved: a research design was developed that solves the problem under consideration; the design was tested for the analysis of musical communities; the data were compared with research and analytical works in this area. Scientific and practical significance lies in the development of an original research design suitable for solving the methodological problem under consideration. The scientific novelty of the result is confirmed by the absence of uniform generally accepted approaches to solving the designated methodological problem that could be replicated by limited research resources.

In the interests of monitoring interethnic relations and ethno-cultural dynamics in the regions of Russia, the article focuses on the impact of education as a cultural capital on the linguistic representations, orientations and practices of residents of the Republic of Tatarstan. The aim of the study is to identify a measure of discrepancy or, on the contrary, similarity of the language attitudes of Tatarstan residents with secondary and higher education, solved on the basis of materials from a mass representative survey at the place of residence with a sample of 2,000 people. The research includes the tasks of assessing topical issues of linguistic self-determination, behavior and language policy in Russia and Tatarstan through the prism of differences in the educational potential of the population as far as previous studies left the education factor aside without special consideration. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that according to a significant array of measured variables of language attitudes, competencies and behavior, the positions of residents of the republic with secondary and higher education are similar. However, some differences can be seen with regard to the compulsory study of English and Tatar languages as academic subjects and a personal desire to study the Tatar language – holders of university diplomas demonstrate a higher disposition towards other languages, indicating their open-mindedness and focus on knowledge. However, this does not mean that the role of the Russian language, which dominates Russian universities and science, is reduced for them. It is the holders of secondary education who more often resort to the predominantly Tatar language in practice.

The relevance of the study is due to the permanent increase in popularity and the increase in the breadth of reception of musical products of domestic rap performers among young people in the 21st century. It has been determined that rap music has the greatest influence on the formation of life worlds and axiological orientations on the declared social group, which is explained by their essential characteristics. The purpose of the study is to consider the impact of rap music on the constitution of life worlds, cultural and value orientations of Russian youth in the 2000-2010s. The development of rap music in the domestic socio-cultural space is analyzed. The factors of politicization of art in Russian society are revealed. A substantive analysis of relevant sociological studies is carried out. Based on the generalization of the results of the available data, the authors identified the main directions of cultural and value orientations, as well as identified a block of anti-values that form the creativity of rap performers for Russian youth in modern socio-cultural realities. The scientific novelty of the conducted research is determined by the author's classification of values and anti-values in the formation of axiological orientations and life worlds of Russian youth at the beginning of the 21st century.

The relevance of this study is due to the growing importance of economic, cultural and political ties between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China, the importance that the changing image of China is acquiring for Russian public opinion, and the role that Russian youth, in particular students, play in shaping the image of China. The purpose of the article is to analyze the results of an applied sociological study conducted among students of two leading universities in Tatarstan (Kazan Federal University and Kazan National Research Technological University), dedicated to the perception of the image of China by student youth. The novelty of this study is that the main features and nature of the perception of China's image by student youth were identified: China is perceived mainly positively, and primarily as an economic and technological superpower. The practical significance of the work is that, based on the survey, recommendations were formulated for the development of Russian-Chinese relations.

The spread of loneliness is a pressing social problem that causes a decrease in the quality of life, increases the risk of mortality, etc. This makes the research topic of searching for the causes of social loneliness relevant. Among the causes, working conditions are rarely considered in domestic literature, which prompts a more detailed analysis in this area. The purpose of this work was to highlight the contribution of working conditions to the formation of social loneliness. This will fill the existing gap in the field of general patterns of the relationship between working conditions and the development of social loneliness. The practical significance lies in the possibility of relying on the results obtained when developing preventive social programs.

Modern American sociology is a complex, multifaceted field of study. The relevance of the study of its key areas is due to the fact that there is currently an increasing interest in socio-cultural processes that shape individual and group human behavior. The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of the key areas of modern American sociology: symbolic interactionism, phenomenology and ethnomethodology. The main tasks solved in the article were to characterize the directions of modern American sociology, such as symbolic interactionism, phenomenology and ethnomethodology, and to deepen the understanding of the complex and diverse essence of social reality using these theoretical approaches. The scientific and practical significance of this article lies in the fact that, from a theoretical point of view, the study of these areas contributes to the development of sociology as a science, and from a practical point of view, it has great importance for the application of acquired knowledge in the real life of society.
The article analyzes the essence of the main conceptual ideas and methodological approaches of each of the areas under consideration, as well as their historical evolution and the importance of theoretical and practical sociology. In the process of writing the article, the following conclusions were drawn: the direction of symbolic interactionism, focusing on the analysis of the meaning of symbols and interactions in everyday life, offers a deep understanding of how individuals create and interpret social realities. Phenomenology, focusing on the study of subjective experience and perception, reveals how a person comprehends and experiences his world, enriching sociological theory with new perspectives. Ethnomethodology, on the other hand, considering the cognitive processes through which individuals construct the meaning and order of everyday life, allows us to identify the constraining factors and everyday mechanisms that control social interaction. Thus, in the modern conditions of globalization and cultural transformations, the approaches under study become particularly relevant, since they contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of social interaction, cultural conflicts and identification processes.

The purpose of this article is to study blockchain technology, its approbation and application in public administration abroad. Over time, blockchain may become one of the most advanced and indemand information technologies in the field of public services. The article discusses the pros and cons of blockchain technology, as well as the possibilities of its use.
The use of blockchain technology in public administration can: speed up management decisionmaking; reduce the procedures for submitting and receiving necessary information; reduce the number of civil servants; reduce budget expenditures for the implementation of government processes.
The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the identified problems of using digitalization technologies in the public administration system of foreign countries and the proposed recommendations can contribute to a faster and more successful introduction of such technologies into the Russian public administration system.

The article examines the historical development and current state of health resort treatment and recreation, from the inception of this system in Russia to the analysis of various international approaches in Europe, Asia, and America. Special attention is paid to the adaptation of health resort complexes to modern trends and needs, including healthcare innovations, sustainable development, and the integration of traditional and alternative medicine. The authors explore the socio-economic benefits of health resort tourism for regions, such as job creation and promotion of local culture, as well as prospects for further industry development.
Based on a comparative analysis of international experience, the article emphasizes the importance of individual treatment programs, environmental practices, and adaptation to market competition, which becomes necessary in the context of globalization and growing popularity of alternative types of tourism. The article focuses on key areas for improving health resort complexes in Russia, such as the need for infrastructure modernization, attracting investments, and developing medical tourism strategy.

The widespread development and active involvement of digital technologies in various socio-economic processes of the domestic economy causes a lot of discussions in the scientific community about the benefits and possible threats. In addition, the results of digitalization are very ambiguous in comparison with the general indicators of economic development. Digital transformation has a significant impact on social processes, causing a set of qualitative changes that can be considered both opportunities and threats to society. In this regard, the study of the socio-economic consequences of transformational processes is becoming particularly relevant and of scientific and practical importance, since an understanding of various aspects of digitalization is necessary in the process of developing effective public policy.
The purpose of the study is to identify the key consequences of the implementation of the digital transformation of the Russian economic system, primarily from the perspective of identifying the positive results of digitalization. The paper systematizes the main social and economic effects, provides statistical data confirming the conclusions reached, and compares them, based on which it is possible to state the expediency of further development of digital technologies in the domestic economy.

The problem of legal regulation of a woman's reproductive choice has become relevant in modern Russian state demographic policy. The purpose and objectives of this scientific research is to study the effectiveness of laws and regulations governing abortion prevention in the Russian Federation at both the federal and regional levels (using the example of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Kabardino–Balkarian Republic). The practical significance of the study lies in the analysis of the mechanism of implementation of these standards, identifying legislative gaps in the field of women's reproductive health. As a result of scientific understanding of preventive measures and their legal regulation by the executive authorities, it was concluded that it is necessary to adopt a legislative norm in the Federal Law "On Advertising" on informing patients about the possibility of termination of pregnancy exclusively in a medical organization, excluding information through official.

The relevance of the article is due to the fact that intellectual property issues are currently becoming key for healthcare, since healthcare organizations and institutions, creating relevant objects, are interested not only in managing intellectual property, but also in protecting and safeguarding the results of their creative work.
The purpose of the article is to analyze the theoretical and practical aspects of intellectual property in the field of medicine. The objectives of the study are the theoretical study of specific intellectual property objects in the field of medicine, as well as the identification of problematic aspects of the implementation of their protection and defense.
The practical significance of the study is to consider current issues of intellectual property in the field of medicine, aimed at the safe and effective functioning of the healthcare sector. The results of the study may be of interest to practicing specialists in the field of healthcare, as well as the scientific community dealing with problems of medical law.
The analysis showed that intellectual property, its protection and defense plays a very significant role in medicine, since it makes it possible not only to protect their copyright and other protected rights to healthcare institutions, but also to increase the authority and effectiveness of healthcare in general.

Western anti-Russian sanctions are many years of political, economic and other pressure from unfriendly countries on the Russian Federation. The relevance of the study increases with increasing sanctions pressure on the Russian economy; it consists in classifying the impact of sanctions and assessing the effectiveness of anti-sanctions measures on economic development. The purpose of the article is to study the transformation of sanctions over time, to find ways to overcome sanctions pressure based on the accumulated experience of the past. The novelty of the study lies in the classification of sanctions by periods of development and types. Sanctions have transformed over time into direct interference in politics and economics and have become irrational for the countries imposing them. The analysis showed that the pronounced effect of introducing various types of sanctions is obtained only from homeostasis and limiting socio-economic development, while other types of sanctions do not achieve their goals.

The relevance of the topic is determined by the process of transformation of Russian legislation in the context of the formation of national development strategies of the Russian Federation. The purpose and objectives of the study are to determine the place of the State Report in the mechanism of legal policy. Scientific understanding of the content of the Reports in the context of industry specifics makes it possible to identify problems of interdepartmental interaction and eliminate them through the adoption of legislation. Therefore, analytical data and conclusions of the State Report are the most important tool for improving the legal activities of public authorities in the Russian Federation.

In the era of digital transformation, customer loyalty management is of particular importance for business. The rapid development of information technology, the growth of e-commerce and changes in consumer behavior in the digital environment create new challenges and opportunities for companies in the field of building long-term relationships with customers. The relevance of the research topic is due to the need to adapt traditional approaches to loyalty management taking into account the specifics of the digital environment. New digital tools and technologies open up wide opportunities for personalizing interactions with customers, analyzing their behavior and preferences, and creating a unique customer experience.
The purpose of the study is to analyze modern approaches to managing consumer loyalty in the digital economy, as well as to develop recommendations for improving the effectiveness of loyalty programs using digital technologies. To achieve this goal, the article considers modern approaches to managing consumer loyalty in the digital economy. The key factors influencing the formation of loyalty in the digital environment and innovative tools for increasing it are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the role of personalization, omnichannel and digital technologies in building long-term relationships with customers.
The methodological basis of the study was a systems approach to studying the problem of managing consumer loyalty in the digital environment. The work uses the methods of theoretical analysis of scientific literature, synthesis, generalization, comparison and systematization of data. The information base of the study was made up of scientific publications of domestic and foreign authors on the problems of consumer loyalty management, relationship marketing, digital marketing. Analytical reports and statistical data on the development of e-commerce and digital technologies in Russia were also analyzed.
The practical significance of the work lies in the development of recommendations for the formation of effective loyalty management strategies in the digital space. In this regard, modern companies are advised to develop a comprehensive strategy for managing customer experience in all digital and offline channels; implement systems for collecting and analyzing data on customer behavior to create personalized offers; use innovative digital tools (chatbots, augmented reality technologies, geolocation services) to increase customer engagement; ensure a high level of protection of customer personal data and transparency of their use; regularly analyze the effectiveness of loyalty programs and adjust them based on the data obtained.

The relevance of the research topic is conditioned by the need to develop an inclusive approach to the issue of employment of people with disabilities as a necessary element of socio-economic adaptation of this group of society. Persons with disabilities face challenges and obstacles in both working and social life, social stigmatization and barriers that prevent their full social inclusion. The article considers the intersectionality of inclusive employment and humanization of the economy as an indicator of the development of modern society.
The purpose of the research is to identify and justify the feasibility of developing inclusive employment in the context of forming the principles of humanism in modern society. The objectives of the research include the study of socio-economic aspects affecting the problem of employment of people with disabilities, as well as the identification of determinants of the development of an inclusive and just society.
The scientific significance of the research lies in the detection of the right of the disabled to socioeconomic realization through the prism of forming a tolerant and just society. The value of the research and scientific novelty is to increase public awareness of the peculiarities of employment of persons with disabilities and the challenges of creating an inclusive and tolerant society.

The article presents a comprehensive model for organizing an environmentally friendly waste management system implemented in the Sverdlovsk region. The main factors that shape the environmental friendliness of the territory are identified and their content is disclosed. The model is implemented in the practical activities of the regional operator EMUP "Spetsavtobaza" in the Sverdlovsk region. The complexity and universality of the approach provides the possibility of scaling the model of greening the territory, updating it for regional specifics.

The paper presents a methodological approach to developing management decisions to increase the Chinese students’ loyalty to the Russian university. The methodological approach was developed based on the matrix of important touchpoints that have the greatest impact on the Chinese students’ loyalty (bachelor's, master's) to the Russian university at different stages of consumer experience formation. The matrix covers the main directions of the Russian university. As a result, the university departments responsible for interactions with the Chinese students within the directions were identified. A tool is proposed for analyzing the interactions of the responsible university departments with the Chinese students for the purpose of further adjusting their work and developing management decisions to increase the Chinese students’ loyalty to the Russian university. The theoretical significance of the work is in expanding the methodological base for studying and managing consumer experience. The practical significance is associated with the possibility of applying the proposed approach by the Russian universities in order to develop management decisions aimed at the consumer experience management of the international students and increasing their loyalty to the Russian university.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the main violations of the regional operator that arise when providing services for the management of municipal solid waste (hereinafter – MSW), both to individuals and legal entities, identified by the Office of the Federal Antimonopoly Service for the Republic of Tatarstan. 

The article considers the problems faced by the regional operator “Greenta” during 5 years of operation in the Eastern Zone of the Tatarstan Republic. The issues covered in the article concern the majority of regional operators acting on the territory of the Russian Federation. All subjects for discussion mentioned in this publication are considered from the legal point of view. Also, precedents from practice are presented and possible solutions are offered for issues that require elaboration at the federal level.

The subject of the research in the article is the problems of tariff regulation in the field of solid municipal waste management (MSW). The purpose of the study is to develop a systematic approach to solving the problems of tariff regulation in the field of MSW management. The measures aimed at improving tariff formation in the field of MSW management are justified, including the organization of work on the development and implementation of a project for the introduction of differentiated tariffs for separate collection of MSW, the construction of a model for calculating the standard, taking into account differentiation by distance and population density. An alternative pricing option for the industry is analyzed – deregulation with the introduction of an environmental tax (levy).