The article discusses the issues of employment of young professionals in regional state and municipal authorities, their career opportunities and prospects. The relevance of this topic is due to the need to involve young professionals in public service in regions that face a shortage of personnel due to the reluctance of young people to find employment in regional state and municipal structures. The purpose of the study was to develop recommendations for improving the educational activities of universities in order to increase the number of students willing to work in the regions. The authors used anonymous questionnaires of undergraduate and graduate students in the field of Public and Municipal Administration as research methods. As a result of the study, key factors influencing the choice of the future profession and place of work of students were identified, the main obstacles to attracting graduates to regional authorities were analyzed, and specific incentive measures aimed at increasing the attractiveness of the regional civil service for young professionals were proposed. The data obtained can be especially useful for developers of regional HR strategies.

Single-industry towns or single-industry municipalities have been experiencing certain difficulties in development since 1991, primarily due to the collapse of the USSR. Therefore, it is very important to consider the economic, organizational tools and methods with the help of which it was possible to overcome the acute phase of the crisis associated with the problems in single-industry towns that arose in 2008 and to use this practical experience at the present time. This determines the relevance of the chosen research topic. The expediency of the chosen topic is confirmed by the incessant non-market methods of economic pressure, which can potentially carry risks for the socio-economic stability of cities. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the definition of the approach to the socio-economic sustainability of single-industry towns, as a factor of industrial policy measures, consolidating economic and organizational efforts of all levels of government. measures affecting the socio-economic stability of single-industry towns. This article considers an approach to the formation and updating of methods and practices aimed at the sustainable socio-economic development of single-industry municipalities. An analysis of industrial policy tools at the federal, regional and municipal levels, which are aimed at maintaining the socio-economic sustainability of single-industry towns, is carried out. Measures to support single-industry towns during the economic crisis of 2008 and the use of such tools at present are investigated.

In the current conditions of the transformation of the global economy, the issue of financing the sustainable socio-economic development of states is becoming increasingly relevant. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to study the features of the development of the sustainable financing market in the EAEU member countries. The article examines the approaches of the EAEU member states in the field of socio-economic development in accordance with the principles of sustainable development, the formation of the sustainable financial services market. Particular attention is paid to such sustainable financial instruments as "green" and social bonds, "green" lending. In addition, the article analyzes the structural and institutional features of the formation of the sustainable financial services market in the EAEU countries. Thus, the scientific significance of the research lies in the analysis of features of the formation of the sustainable financing market by the EAEU member states. In conclusion, the directions for further development of sustainable finance in the EAEU are presented.

The relevance of the study lies in the formation of a model of integration interaction that takes into account both technological synergy and the benefits of cooperation within the BRICS, SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organization), EAEU (Eurasian Economic Union). The integration of the industrial potential of the LPR (Luhansk People's Republic) and DPR (Donetsk People's Republic) into the domestic metallurgical complex will not only compensate for the consequences of sanctions pressure from unfriendly countries, but also realize new competitive advantages in the world market.
The purpose of the study is the integration of new territories into the metallurgical complex of Russia through the prism of cooperation with interstate associations. The tasks arising from the need to achieve this goal are: assessment of the resource and production potential of new territories, analysis of technological and infrastructural limitations of integration, forecast of economic effects for the metallurgical industry.
The scientific significance of the study lies in the development of an innovative model for the integration of new territories into the metallurgical complex of Russia through the prism of interaction with the EAEU, BRICS and SCO, including the author's methods for assessing the resource potential, risks and synergies of interstate cooperation.
The value of the study lies in the creation of a comprehensive strategy that combines the restoration of production in new territories, digitalization of logistics and international partnership.

The relevance of the research is determined by the need to ensure Russia's technological sovereignty in the face of global challenges, including sanctions pressure and increased competition in high-tech industries. Despite the high proportion of STEM graduates, the country lags behind the world leaders in terms of investment in R&D (0.9 % of GDP in 2022) and the level of innovation activity of enterprises (11-12 %), which requires a review of government policies to stimulate science and innovation. The purpose of the study is to identify the key determinants of technological sovereignty and propose financial incentive measures that can ensure sustainable economic growth. The results obtained indicate the high effectiveness of Russian R&D (the innovation balance is above 2.0), but a critically low level of financing, as well as the positive dynamics of innovation in the segment of small enterprises (an increase in the share of innovative products to 3.14 % in 2023). The scientific value of the work lies in a comprehensive analysis of the strategic determinants of technological sovereignty, including the role of human capital, institutional conditions and government regulation. The practical significance of the study is related to the development of specific measures for government authorities, such as increasing R&D spending target to 3 % of GDP, introducing "innovation contracts" for businesses, expanding support for small technology companies, and creating technology valleys. The authors' recommendations are aimed at forming a systemic policy that combines fiscal incentives, the development of STEM education and cooperation between science and the real sector, which will allow Russia to reduce the gap from the leading countries and ensure long-term competitiveness.

The relevance of the research is determined by the need to analyze the effectiveness of government financial policy aimed at ensuring macroeconomic stability and stimulating economic growth in the context of global challenges and technological transformations.
The purpose of the article is to analyze financial policy instruments aimed at supporting scientific research and development in the country. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: based on theoretical approaches and available statistical data, to investigate and systematize key fiscal policy instruments aimed at supporting R&D used in domestic and foreign practice, to identify stable dependencies of macroeconomic parameters.
The study highlights the importance of financial measures aimed at stimulating scientific research and innovation, which is especially important for Russia in the context of the need to achieve technological sovereignty.

Based on a situational analysis, the article assesses the impact of U.S. economic policy on the global socio-economic system and examines the tactics and strategies of the administration of the 47th President of the United States. Trump's goal of achieving global dominance. Based on the results of retrospective and factor analyses, the author identifies the causes, motives, goals and mechanisms of the new American economic policy and defines the role of tariffs and "trade deals" as tools for achieving global hegemony. Using the conclusions of stochastic analysis and expert assessments, the work diagnoses the degree of influence of the current US economic policy on the global economy and shows its correlation with the political interests of the currently ruling part of the American elite. Using a comparative analysis and an evidence-based approach, the researcher identifies current threats to economic Russia provoked by the "tariff war" and suggests ways and methods to effectively minimize them.

In this study, the author proposes to consider a conceptual model for the development of the socioeconomic space of the region, providing for transformative investments. The relevance of the topic is due to the existing imbalances in the development of regions, including in the social sphere, which are overcome by investing this type of investment.
The purpose of the study is to substantiate a conceptual approach to the implementation of transformative investments in the socio-economic space of the region. The objectives of the study include the formation of separate blocks of the conceptual model and their justification.
The scientific and practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the proposed model, which takes into account the results of the author's previous theoretical and methodological research, allows us to form a scheme for implementing transformative investments, taking into account the influencing conditions and factors.
The result of the conducted research is the formed logical model reflecting the concept of implementation of regional investment programs/projects of social orientation.
The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the proposed conceptual framework reflecting the logic and algorithm of implementing regional investment projects in the socio–economic space of the region based on transformative investments has not been presented in this form in scientific discourse.

The article is devoted to the development of knowledge on the formation of a financial controlling system in catering organizations. The main objectives of the study were: 1) disclosure of the essence of the concept of "financial controlling"; 2) formation of conceptual models of financial controlling for catering organizations, taking into account current market trends, declared goals by management and (or) the business life cycle; 3) improvement of a set of information support indicators for the system of financial controlling goals in catering organizations.
The scientific novelty of the research is expressed in the author's development of conceptual models of financial controlling for catering organizations; presentation of proposal on the application of a vertical model for updating financial controlling parameters and the preparation of an improved set of indicators to improve the quality of information support for the financial controlling goals system.
The raised problem of forming an effective financial controlling system in catering organizations is very extensive and deep, therefore, this publication has just begun work on its formation, in particular, its fundamental components are considered, and particular issues of selecting indicators and their application in practice will become the objects of further scientific research by the author and subsequent publications on this topic.

The system of public administration of any state evolves under the influence of volatility of external and internal factors, while facing the limited state resources and the need to achieve strategic and national goals while improving the efficiency of budgetary funds utilization and ensuring socio-economic progress. Under such conditions, government agencies face the task of finding innovative approaches for the breakthrough development of the country and one of the promising solutions is the introduction of financial controlling system in the public administration sector, which, however, is complicated by insufficient elaboration of its substantive aspects. In this regard, it is relevant to study the existing approaches to public administration and justify the introduction of financial controlling as a new concept and management tool. So in the present study the goal-setting on the analysis of concepts of public management and substantiation of substantive aspects of the system of financial controlling to improve the efficiency of economic entities of the public management sector is set. Scientific novelty consists in the development of the concept of financial controlling, providing stability and sustainability of economic entities of the public administration sector, based on the analysis of the content and shortcomings of existing approaches to management. Based on the results of the study, the justification of financial controlling is proposed, which is a comprehensive system of support for public authorities in ensuring the effective execution of powers and budgetary funds and adaptation to the trends of economic development.

The rapid expansion of data produced by users and organizations is accelerating business process optimization and service personalization, yet it heightens risks to security, privacy, and regulatory compliance. Widespread breaches, algorithmic manipulation, and opaque processing underscore the need for comprehensive strategies to manage digital footprints.
The aim of the study is to identify the main issues and challenges arising from the use of digital footprints and to propose recommendations to ensure their safe and effective application in business and government.
The research objective includes examining the key risks associated with data processing, including information leaks, cyber threats, privacy issues and ethical aspects, as well as analyzing their impact on the digital environment.
The scientific and practical significance of the research is determined by the identification of current threats associated with digital footprints and the development of methods to protect them, which helps to reduce potential risks and strengthen trust in digital technologies. The results achieved can be applied to improve data governance mechanisms in organizations, shape regulations, and increase user awareness of personal information protection.

The share of the population making orders via the Internet tends to 70 % in 2023 in most federal districts. In 2024, marketplaces account for 81 % of the Russian online trade market, which determines the relevance of studying marketplaces from the standpoint of economic science. At the same time, there is still no established approach to the economic interpretation of the marketplace. The purpose of the study is to develop an approach to defining a marketplace. The novelty of the study lies in the development of an algorithm for identifying a marketplace based on its key features. The evolution of marketplaces and their development trends are considered: the formation of hybrid forms, decentralized forms, social marketplaces. A conclusion is made about the prospects for further development of marketplaces.

The article analyzes the impact of fixed capital investments aimed at developing information and communication technologies (hereinafter ICT) in government bodies, among the population, and among companies using economic and statistical methods. The relevance of the study is determined by the relationship between ICT development and the differentiation of regions by socio-economic development. A significant asymmetry in the regional distribution of fixed capital investments in ICT between Moscow, St. Petersburg, the Moscow region and other regions of the Russian Federation is revealed, which entails the formation of a digital divide between the population of the regions. The purpose of the work is to determine the direction of the influence of fixed capital investments aimed at acquiring information, computer and telecommunications equipment. The work proves that fixed capital investments have a greater impact on providing government bodies with ICT tools and enhancing the ability of the population to interact with them via the Internet than they have on the share of the population placing orders via the Internet. The obtained relationships allow us to develop measures to optimize investment policy aimed at digital transformation of regions in order to increase its effectiveness.

Based on a situational analysis, the paper identifies the place of small business in the process of forming Russian GDP and identifies the existing disparity between the potential opportunities of the domestic small business sector and its real contribution to national production. Based on the results of factor analysis, the author identifies current external threats and challenges to the economic security of small business entities, classifies them, and identifies sources, the key of which is the geo-economic turbulence of the global economy. Using an evidence-based approach, the article examines the mechanisms for countering external threats to small businesses, the main of which is to strengthen their own socioeconomic and technological potentials, which are the material basis of their economic security.

The article is devoted to the definition of sustainability factors in the management of urban agglomerations, which are, on the one hand, the most progressive forms of spatial organization of the economy, and, on the other hand, the most sensitive to external economic upheavals, crises and shocks. The value of the study lies in the development of a unified construction of the theory of sustainability (resilience) in the regional economy and the use of materials of the work of regional authorities and local governments in the policy of ensuring the sustainability of the development of the urban agglomeration. The result, which has scientific novelty, is the identification and characterization of the following factors of sustainability of urban agglomerations: formed high-tech production infrastructure, developed transport and communications network, innovative R & D system, balanced budget system, sustainable financial system, highly qualified labor and entrepreneurial resources (human capital), diversified multi-sectoral structure, investment security and attractiveness. It has been determined that the main management tool for ensuring sustainability should be a system of strategic planning documents, including a strategy for the development of an urban agglomeration, sections of which are devoted to sustainability issues.

The purpose of this study is a scientific and practical understanding of the most significant economic and legal accents in the new legislation on the organization of local self-government in the unified system of public authority, based on the need to clarify the relevance and timeliness of this legislative act.
The scientific and practical significance of the work lies in the formation of a holistic perception of the modern meaning of the most essential elements of the new legislation on the organization of local self-government in a single system of public authority and the need to build a solid vertical of the entire state management mechanism, which should facilitate a more effective transition from performing more representative functions to ensuring the living conditions of the population, taking into account the prevailing geopolitical realities, participation in ensuring national interests and a comfortable living environment based on improving the status of local authorities and mechanisms for implementing vital projects.

Improving the public administration quality is becoming particularly relevant in the context of the public policy focus on achieving the Russian Federation national development goals for the period up to 2030 and for the future up to 2036. The work purpose is to propose ways to improve internal financial audit in order to develop the public administration quality. The article uses general methods of scientific knowledge, including methods of empirical and theoretical research. As a result of the research, an internal financial audit model regulation was formed, including the procedure for planning, assessing and ranking budget risks, conducting, implementing results and self-assessing, in order to be applied by organizations of the public administration sector and the impact of its elements on improving the public administration efficiency

The study is devoted to the analysis of the system of state support for the non-profit sector in the Rostov region in the context of modern socio-economic challenges, including sanctions and inflation. The relevance of the work is determined by the need to study the regional specifics of the interaction of NGOs with the government, especially in the context of their role in ensuring social stability and the implementation of government programs. The purpose of the study is to assess the dynamics of the development of measures to support NGOs, including institutional and infrastructural aspects. Based on the analysis of legislation, statistics and expert data, it has been revealed that, despite the well-established support infrastructure, regional legislation restricts the access of NGOs to tax benefits and property assistance provided at the federal level. Financing through grants shows an increase in volume, but their real effectiveness is decreasing due to outstripping inflation. The practical significance of the work lies in the proposal of measures to harmonize regional and federal standards, as well as the integration of socially oriented NGOs into national projects to enhance their contribution to solving social problems. The scientific novelty of the research consists in a comprehensive approach to assessing the regional support system, including a comparative analysis of legislation and the adaptation of mechanisms to economic realities. The results can be used by government authorities, NGO leaders, and civil society researchers.

In the current conditions of significant sanctions pressure and the need to reduce raw material exports, an important task is to promote products with high added value to world markets, which necessitates increasing the competitiveness of enterprises, attracting qualified specialists, reducing risks and stabilizing export revenues that contribute to rapid economic growth in all sectors of the economy. The development of petrochemical production, including low-pressure polyethylene in the world market is a potential direction for strengthening the position of domestic producers. Given the growing demand for polyethylene and other petrochemical products, the development of the sector under study will contribute to the diversification of exports and increase the economic growth of the national economy in the face of external pressure. To increase the export potential of petrochemical production in the context of global competition in the low-pressure polyethylene market, it is important to analyze the positions of Russian manufacturers and their impact on the world market.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the competitiveness of Russian polyethylene manufacturers using benchmarking based on a comparison of Russian manufacturers with international competitors. The objectives are: selection of international competitiveness determinants for benchmarking based on a thematic analysis of scientific literature, as well as analysis of the competitiveness of enterprises in the polyethylene market based on the selected determinants.
The study revealed that Russian manufacturers have potential competitive advantages in the global polyethylene market; however, in the context of sanctions pressure and economic instability, the export of Russian products has faced a number of restrictions. The comparative analysis of competitiveness indicators made it possible to establish the existing lag of Russian polyethylene manufacturers from international competitors in such parameters as: implementation of new technologies and sustainable development standards.
The results obtained emphasize the importance of introducing innovations and raising quality standards to strengthen the position of Russian manufacturers in the global polyethylene market. Improving the technological base and ensuring a vector for sustainable development can act as key factors in further growth of the competitiveness of Russian polyethylene manufacturers.

The sustainability of the budget system of the Russian Federation plays an important role in achieving financial sovereignty, which is largely determined by the sustainability of regional budgets. The reserve funds of any types formed in the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are considered as an effective tool for the sustainability and balance of regional budgets. But in conditions of limited budgetary resources, their formation, targeted use and management require analysis from the standpoint of planning quality and sufficiency of reserved funds for financial support of contingency and urgent budget expenditures. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the possible approaches to modernization of regional reserve funds functioning, taking into account the experience of the reserve funds in US states, where such funds are also formed and used successfully. The result of the research is the author's model of the functioning of the reserve funds of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which practical application will increase the efficiency of budget reserves.

The relevance of the topic of the study is due to the need for comparative legal analysis of the implementation of the institute of administrative prejudice in the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. Despite the similarity of criminal legislation, the criteria for the application of administrative prejudice in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus require detailed study, especially in the context of the principle of humanism.
The scientific significance of the work lies in the study of doctrinal approaches to the category of administrative prejudice, the analysis of constructive features of criminal law norms, as well as the systematisation of corpus delicti with administrative prejudice depending on the spheres of criminal law protection.
Practical significance consists in the development of proposals to improve criminal legislation in terms of application of norms with administrative prejudice. The degree of consolidation of criminal-legal norms with administrative prejudice in the Criminal Codes of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation has been studied. The theoretical positions concerning the understanding of administrative prejudice in the context of the implementation of the principle of humanism of criminal law have been considered. The peculiarities of constructions of criminal-law norms with administrative prejudice are revealed. On the basis of the analysis of the provisions of the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation the corpus delicti of crimes with administrative prejudice are systematised depending on the spheres of criminal-legal protection. The author concludes that administrative prejudice, being an important tool to combat the repetition of offences, requires clear legislative regulation to maintain a balance between the effectiveness of prevention of offences and the principles of justice and humanism in criminal law. The results of the study can contribute to the implementation of the practice of uniform interpretation of such norms of criminal law with administrative prejudice.

The relevance of the topic under consideration is due to the lack of uniform approaches in the legal literature and practice of Russian courts to the issue of determining final and interim court decisions. This creates serious problems in regulating the issues of recognition and enforcement of foreign court decisions. Some judicial acts are interim only in form, but in essence they entail important substantive and legal consequences.
The main objective of the study: to determine the essence of final and interim judicial acts based on theoretical research and practical implementation in court decisions and to evaluate them in terms of compliance with the modern needs of civil society, legality and rationality. The objectives of the study are to analyze scientific legal approaches to interim and final judicial acts, as well as to analyze legislation and judicial practice within the framework of the civil, arbitration and criminal codes; identify contradictions between theory and practice; form conclusions on options for resolving the identified contradictions.
The analysis conducted has not previously been the subject of scientific works. The formulated conclusions have not only scientific but also practical significance, since they are based on a comparison of theory and practice for the purposes of developing a universal approach and developing the legal institutions under study.
The work examines the main scientific approaches to defining final and interim judicial acts, and the practice of Russian courts related to the recognition and enforcement of interim decisions of foreign state courts.
The author comes to the conclusion that Russian legislation, the judicial practice of Russian courts and scientific doctrine are based on different approaches to defining final and interim judicial acts. However, in the long term, divergent approaches in theory and practice to defining interim judicial acts may lead to the absence of a developed and defined institution of interim judicial acts.

The integration of artificial intelligence into medicine opens up wide opportunities, but at the same time creates fundamentally new risks for information security. Intelligent systems gain access to confidential patient data and participate in clinical decision-making; their vulnerability (for example, to attacks with distorted input data) can lead to the leakage of personal information or the issuance of erroneous medical recommendations. Meanwhile, there are no special requirements for the cybersecurity of medical systems with artificial intelligence at the federal level, and uniform ethical standards for their use in healthcare are not legally fixed. This determines the relevance of this study. Its purpose is to analyze the emerging cyber threats and ethical and legal gaps in the implementation of artificial intelligence in healthcare and to develop proposals for improving the regulatory framework and practical measures to ensure the safe and responsible use of artificial intelligence. In the course of the work, an analysis of existing regulations and standards was carried out, key problems were identified (lack of special rules of responsibility for artificial intelligence errors, the risk of malicious attacks on algorithms, lack of rules for transparency and patient information) and approaches to their elimination were proposed. The scientific and practical significance lies in the fact that the results obtained can serve as a basis for the development of new requirements and recommendations on cybersecurity and ethics of the use of artificial intelligence in medicine. The scientific novelty consists in a comprehensive consideration of the issues of information security of medical intelligent systems, taking into account technical, legal and ethical aspects, as well as in substantiating the need to integrate special protection measures and transparency into the existing regulatory and legal system of healthcare.

This issue is being updated by the formation in the Russian Federation of management practices for the President's control over the implementation of powers by governors under the new Federal Law No. 414-FZ, which entered into force in 2022. It contains a set of legal innovations that formalized the instruments of influence on regional government institutions. The purpose of the article is to identify the legal features of warning in the system of measures of responsibility of the heads of Russian regions under the current legislation on public authority. In this regard, the authors, as one of the key tasks, turned to several theoretical approaches that have developed in legal science on the essence and characteristics of legal responsibility. The theoretical significance of the study is manifested in the established fragmentary disclosure of the grounds for issuing such a warning by the President of the Russian Federation, when legal norms do not highlight obvious negative consequences for the governor. The practical significance is expressed in the content of the warning established by the authors. In particular, it contains the risk of a more severe measure of responsibility – deprivation of the governor's powers. Such a negative consequence occurs if the head of the Russian region has not taken measures to eliminate the reasons for issuing a warning. The main result of the work was the projection of the identified ambiguity of the theoretical approach onto the legal technique used in the law. Thus, the warning precedes the resignation of the governor in the event of his inaction, which is also ensured by the peculiarities of legal presumptions.

The article examines the problem of public authority unity in Russia, focusing on coordination mechanisms between different levels of government and obstacles to effective interagency cooperation. The aim is to analyze existing challenges and identify consolidation mechanisms. The study explores structural, legal, and administrative barriers that lead to fragmented decision-making, functional duplication, and reduced governance efficiency. Drawing on domestic and international experience, the article proposes solutions to improve coordination between federal, regional, and municipal levels of government and overcome interagency barriers. The research holds scientific value as it provides a comprehensive analysis of public authority unity from the perspectives of constitutional and legal regulation, comparative study of foreign coordination models, and the development of practical mechanisms for strengthening governance amid modern challenges.

The relevance of this study is due to the need to consider appeals in order to ensure fairness and legality of justice. The purpose of the work is to analyze legal solutions for reviewing ICTY court decisions based on errors of fact and their practical application. To this end, the author sets the following objectives: to eliminate the normative-legal regulation of the review of court decisions; to pay attention to the case law of the ICTY in cases where an error of fact led to the sentencing; to determine the criteria for proving errors of fact and their role in the qualification of crimes (according to the principle of *actus reus* aiding and abetting); the emergence of problems allows avoiding uncertainties in the interpretation of the elements of crimes during appellate review. The study confirmed that an error of fact is an emerging, but difficult to prove basis for reviewing ICTY sentences. The key problem in review is the broad adoption of decisions in accordance with the interpretations of the elements of crimes (for example, the need for "specific instructions" for the qualification of aiding and abetting), which leads to contradictory wording.
The results of the study can be used in legislative activities to harmonize the rules on reviewing decisions at the public and societal level, for the development of training courses on international criminal law and justice, as well as in the practical activities of lawyers arising in international criminal proceedings (for formulating appeal strategies).

The relevance of the presented work is due to the active discussion in the scientific community of the prospects of digitalization of criminal proceedings and the formation of a theoretical model of digital criminal proceedings.
The purpose of the study is to formulate the requirements that the digital platform of criminal justice must meet in order to ensure the implementation of the purpose of Russian criminal justice.
The objectives of the research are to study the current state of development of ideas about the use of digital opportunities and the legal regulation of some aspects of this issue, as well as to study foreign experience in the use of digital opportunities in criminal proceedings using the example of legislation and law enforcement practice in some countries.
The scientific and practical significance of the article lies in the development of requirements with deep theoretical significance, the observance of which will ensure the security, predictability, but at the same time transparency and accessibility of Russian digital criminal proceedings.
Based on the conducted research, the author came to the conclusion that in conditions of a variety of technological solutions without creating theoretical requirements for the digital platform of criminal proceedings, which are described in this article, the implementation of the purpose of criminal proceedings will be difficult.
Understanding the prospects of digitalization of criminal proceedings makes a definite contribution to the development of the theory of digitalization of criminal proceedings in the light of the transition to an information society in accordance with existing state strategic planning documents and the formulation of theoretical provisions containing requirements for the digital platform of criminal proceedings formed in the theory of criminal procedure law, which is the scientific novelty of the scientific article proposed to a wide range of readers.

The relevance of the topic is justified by the practice of court cases caused by unilateral repudiation of the obligation. The complexity of the current stage of economic development has further exacerbated this problem. The purpose of the study is to clarify the criteria of good faith in the current civil law of the Russian Federation, considered as a key mechanism for effective resolution of legal disputes arising from the repudiation of a contract. Objectives: to identify the main approaches to determining the criteria of good faith, existing in domestic civilistic; to identify contradictions in the content of these approaches and propose ways to resolve them; to determine the criteria of good faith, aimed directly at resolving civil law disputes in connection with unilateral repudiation of the obligation. The practical significance of the publication is due to the possibility of normative application of good faith criteria in judicial practice when resolving disputes between parties to a contract. The outcome of the study is the conclusion that the criteria of good faith must be considered in the practice of resolving court disputes. The lack of clear normative guidance on this issue is an obstacle to the effective resolution of a conflict arising from a unilateral repudiation of an obligation. The novelty of the study is based on the identification of criteria of good faith that have legal normativity and are applicable in judicial practice.

This work is a study of the political and legal processes of the formation of a constitutional system based on the ideology of democratic confederalism in the self-proclaimed autonomy of northern and eastern Syria (Rojava, Syrian Kurdistan). The purpose of the study is to determine the state system and the political regime formed in the above-mentioned autonomy. The relevance of this work is related to the rapidly changing situation in the Middle East, specifically in Syria – the overthrow of the regime of President Bashar al-Assad in December 2024. and the processes of interaction between the new Syrian authorities and the already established Kurdish autonomy in the north and east of the country. The method of legal analysis of the constitutional norms of the Charter of Rojava and their comparison with the basic political principles of the ideology of democratic confederalism was applied in the work. The scientific value of this research lies in the study of the ideological foundations of constitutional construction in Rojava and the prospects for the coexistence of autonomy with the central government of Syria after the overthrow of Bashar al-Assad.

Provisions on obligations and contracts are such institutions of Roman private law that have particularly strongly influenced modern civil law. In this article examine in detail the origin and development of the institution of contractus societas, i.e. a partnership agreement. This agreement is also present in modern Russian civil legislation. In this regard, the study of the institution of a partnership agreement in Roman private law seems relevant.
The purpose of this study is to form a comprehensive scientific understanding of the origin and development of the institution of contractus societas, i.e. a partnership agreement, in Roman private law. The objective of the study is to consider various varieties of the institution of contractus societas, such as societas unius rei, in which the property of the participants was strictly separate and common ownership did not arise, as well as contractus societas negotiationis, in which the property became the common property of the partners from the moment of its acquisition. The scientific significance of the study lies in identifying the main characteristics of the institution of the partnership agreement, which was regulated in detail in a variety of aspects by the time of Justinian's codification.
The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using its results in studying Roman private law. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the comprehensive scientific understanding of the origin and development of the institution of the partnership agreement formed by the authors.

In article, the author examined the trends in the development of legal theory in foreign studies on digital ecosystems and platforms. These are relatively new objects of legal regulation. The author focused on the comparison of the realistic and sociological concepts of legal understanding. In particular, they differ in the order of formation of legal regulators in the digital environment. As a result, the author notes a fragmentary understanding of these terms due to their complexity and technological diversity, built on elements of self-regulation. The main methods of scientific research were comparative and formallogical methods. The author also used some methodological directions of the sociological school of law in civilistics (instrumentalism, anthropological approach, praxeological theory). Together, these methods contributed to the identification of the features of the development of foreign scientific thought. The author believes that the conclusion that the initial emphasis on self-regulation of the digital environment has been replaced by an increasing role of corporate and state regulation in achieving only socially useful results is justified. This is confirmed by the evolution of the theory of legal instrumentalism, legalpraxeological and legal-anthropological approaches.

 This article examines the current aspects of legal regulation of the implementation of the right of the Republic of Burundi to sovereignty over natural resources, which are becoming especially significant in the context of the growing interest of transnational corporations in the local mining sector. Increasing competition for access to minerals with high economic value requires a revision of the terms of existing agreements and strengthening the legal protection of the national interests of the state and its population.
The purpose of this article is to identify and analyze the legal grounds that determine the possibility and necessity of revising the terms of mining agreements between the Government of Burundi and foreign investors. The practical significance of the study lies in the formation of a theoretical and legal framework that will allow the effective use of contractual regulation tools in the field of mineral extraction. This, in turn, will allow Burundi to protect economic and social interests, minimizing the risk of conflicts and promoting stability in relations with foreign investors. The results of the study reflect the fact that the presence and correct use of special clauses on the revision of contract terms is mutually beneficial for both parties. These findings can contribute to the improvement of the legislation of Burundi and other African countries in a similar situation, ensuring a balance between national interests and the attractiveness of the investment field.

The purpose of the work is to investigate public incentive legal relations in the system of public authorities with the participation of municipalities. The development of incentive legal relations is conditioned by the need to find new forms of improving the efficiency of local government bodies and to widely involve the population in solving issues of local importance. Considerable attention in the article is paid to municipal education as a subject receiving encouragement from a higher level of public authority (a subject of the Russian Federation), and as a subject encouraging a lower level of self– government – territorial public self-government. The forms used in the mechanism of implementing the incentive policy are touched upon. The development of these forms requires further improvement of the legal grounds for encouraging all participants in municipal legal relations. The introduction of means of material and moral encouragement, procedural consolidation of incentive relations contributes to a more effective solution of municipal problems.

In article, from the position of the praxeological methodological approach, the author compared the general and special directions of this scientific trend in Russian jurisprudence. The author focused on the achievements of representatives of the sociological school of law on the issues of the "praxeological effect" in the order of legal regulation. As a result, the article formulates a conclusion about the fragmentary nature of the use of this methodological technique in Russia. It has become widespread only in industry studies in order to assess the trends in the emergence and transformation of legal results. The defining methods of scientific research were the formal-logical and analytical methods. The author also relied on individual private scientific methods (legal praxeology, legal instrumentalism). Together, they allowed us to assess the trends in the development of Russian legal science in the plane of conducting praxeological research. The author puts forward as the main conclusion the fact that Russian legal scholars are attempting to combine philosophical developments in the field of praxeology with exclusively pragmatic scientific theories built on a sociological perception of law.

The relevance of the research topic is due to the processes of transformation of the legal system that occur in modern conditions in connection with the digitalization of legal regulation. The article considers the possibility of the existence of digital law as an emerging complex branch of law that does not have full independence, which appeared in response to the new technological and digital order, which not only changes the life of society, but also radically changes legal regulation. At the current stage of development of public relations, digital innovations are embedded in many areas, and therefore there is a need for legal regulation and the establishment of legal regimes in the field of digital legal relations. Digital law is the answer to these challenges and needs.
The purpose of this study is to consider digital law as an emerging complex branch of law that combines normative material and legal institutions of branches similar in the subject of legal regulation. The objective of the study is to study the prerequisites for the formation of digital legal relations in legislation, the possibilities of the existence of digital law as a new branch within the legal system. The scientific significance of the study lies in identifying the main characteristics of digital law, determining its subject certainty and the possibility of codifying the relevant norms. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using its results in studying general issues of legal theory. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the approach proposed by the authors to consider digital law as a complex branch of law. In the course of the study, the authors conclude on the prospects for the development of digital law as an independent branch of law.

The article emphasizes that the illegal issuance or falsification of prescriptions or other documents granting the right to obtain narcotic or psychotropic substances (hereinafter drugs) is characterized by a high degree of public danger to society. The topic under consideration is extremely relevant at the present time, as it affects issues of public safety, health care and law and order. Access to drugs through counterfeit prescriptions contributes to the spread of drug addiction, especially among young people, which leads to an increase in diseases, mortality and degradation.
The purpose of the study is to develop proposals aimed at improving criminal legislation and the precise qualification of the act in judicial practice. The objectives of the scientific research are to analyze the provisions of Article 233 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and judicial practice for the commission of this act; to identify provisions on the problem under study that have ambiguous interpretation; to analyze the problems discussed under Article 233 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in the scientific literature.
The author proposes to improve criminal law measures to combat illegal actions related to the use of prescriptions and other documents that give the right to obtain narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances; differentiate the provisions of Article 233 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation by establishing in Part 2 of Article 233 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation qualifying features (an act committed for selfish reasons or using official position); recognition of the method of committing a crime - the illegal issuance or forgery of a prescription or other documents for obtaining drugs.

The article examines the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, which, in the author's opinion, plays a key role in the systematization of constitutional terms, as well as ensuring the constitutionalization of legal terminology. The purpose of the study is to identify the theoretical and practical aspects of the consistency of constitutional terms. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve a number of interrelated tasks: to reveal the main forms of manifestation of the consistency of constitutional terms, to define the content of the concept of "constitutional term", as well as to establish their main varieties. As a result of the research, the author's concept of "constitutional term" was proposed, their main varieties (single-component, multicomponent) were substantiated, and the main signs of their consistency were identified.

The article is devoted to the functional characteristics of intra-branch institutions of municipal law, which are among the little-studied in the legal science of the same name. The purpose of the study is to identify and summarize their functions using the example of the institution of the entry into force of municipal legal acts. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to solve a number of tasks, including establishing an approximate list of them and giving a brief description. The scientific novelty is expressed in the identification and systematization of the functions of sectoral institutions of municipal law in general and its separate institution in particular. Based on the results of the research, the definition is formulated and the composition of the functions of municipal law institutions as a branch of law is proposed.

The article aims to analyze the legal aspects of website design protection in the Russian Federation, paying special attention to the issues of copyright protection for design as a composite work. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that the legal protection of website design involves a number of difficulties due to the specifics of this intellectual property object. Website design is a complex set of elements, including graphic design, structure, navigation, color schemes and other parameters, which together form a unique user experience.
The scientific significance of the research lies in the systematization of approaches to the protection of website design rights, as well as in the development of recommendations for improving law enforcement practice. The practical value consists in offering measures to optimize the proof of violations and reduce the risks of illegal copying of the design.
The scientific novelty of the research lies in a comprehensive analysis of current court decisions, as well as in the proposal of measures to unify approaches to the protection of website design rights, including mandatory expertise and clarification of criteria for the creative nature of the work. The work can be useful for lawyers, web developers, and copyright holders who are faced with issues of intellectual property protection in a digital environment.

The relevance of the research topic is due to the importance of the work on reviewing appeals in the implementation by the prosecutor's office of both external and internal functions, since citizens' statements are part of the information and analytical work and have a significant impact on the planning of the department as a whole. The purpose of the scientific research is to establish the most effective ways to improve the quality of information and analytical work when considering citizens' appeals to the prosecutor's office. The objectives of the study are to identify existing problems in prosecutorial activities in the field of dealing with citizens' complaints, identify ways to overcome them, and improve prosecutorial activities in this area. The scientific significance of the research lies in the disclosure of certain theoretical provisions of information and analytical work. The practical significance is expressed in proposals to optimize prosecutorial activities, a comprehensive analysis of the interdepartmental work with citizens' applications, as well as in disclosing the specifics of the interaction between the prosecutor, the head and the executor when dealing with appeals. The results of the scientific research are presented in a number of recommendations to the operational staff of the prosecutor's office to improve information and analytical work when considering and resolving citizens' appeals.

The article analyses the problems of prosecutor's supervision in the field of registration and registration of statements and reports on corruption offences; the practice of prosecutor's supervision; typical violations of the law encountered during prosecutor's inspections; and assesses the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the work of prosecutor's offices in this area of supervision. The purpose of the article is to determine the methodological approaches to conducting prosecutor's inspections in this area. It is concluded that prosecutor's supervision should be regarded as an effective means of prevention in the system of anti-corruption means, allowing to reveal numerous facts of distortion in the primary records of the bodies of enquiry and investigation. On the basis of the analysis of positive experience of the work of the prosecutor's offices of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, proposals for improving this area of supervision are formulated, in particular, the need to introduce additional logical control, allowing software to limit the entry of unreliable statistical reporting indicators into the databases of information centres.

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the institution of order production in a modern civil process. The scientific significance of the study is manifested in its systemic nature, which aims at a general theoretical and legal characterization of this institution, an analysis of its key advantages and procedural features, and an understanding of existing topical problematic aspects. The value of the work lies in the author's proposals to optimize the mechanism of order proceedings in terms of improving the notification of the debtor, as well as formulating criteria for the existence of a dispute about the right in the case. The authors conclude that the institution of order production has already proven its effectiveness and significance in practice, but at the same time, it is constantly developing and improving. However, the main problem in order proceedings remains the issue of balancing the rights of the debtor and the claimant, and no legislative measures should violate this equality

The problem of using artificial intelligence in higher education institutions has acquired the status of one of the most discussed in recent years. The article draws attention to the problem of risks of using artificial intelligence by students. The empirical basis of the article is the results of an Internet questionnaire on the topic ‘Students and artificial intelligence: attitudes and habits in the data age’. The presented results of the empirical study demonstrate students' mixed evaluations of the use of AI in learning. The correlation between the level of students‘ digital competence and the degree of students’ perception of the risks of using artificial intelligence in teaching was revealed, which actualises the problem of improving digital training of students in higher education institutions.

The rapid spread of the quadrobik subculture among children and teenagers caused a strong reaction among the public. The widespread dissemination of information, attributes, and elements of this subculture has provoked reactions from children, parents, politicians, psychologists, educators, and other social groups. The purpose of the study was a comprehensive review of public reactions to quadrobics as a modern youth subculture. Objectives: analysis of the origins of the quadrobic subculture; characterization and classification of its types; analysis of views, comments and reactions in telegram channels to news about quadrobers in the period from March to October 2024. This study makes it possible to operationalize the quadrobics subculture and study its phenomenon among the modern generation. The analysis showed a rapid spread of news about quadrobics, but a weakening of reactions to news about it and an increase in tolerance towards quadrobics. The results of the study will help parents, teachers, psychologists, and journalists in working with representatives of this subculture and forming public opinion about it.

The article presents a study of students' attitudes towards the introduction of gamification elements into banking products and services. This topic is becoming especially relevant due to the growth of digital technologies and the active penetration of gaming approaches into various spheres of youth life, including the financial sphere.
The purpose of the study was to study students' perception of gamified banking products, identify factors influencing their choice and loyalty, as well as identify general trends and distinctive features of the youth segment regarding the introduction of gaming elements into banking services.
The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the analysis of the attitude of the student segment of the target audience towards the use of gamification in banking products was carried out.
The practical significance of the work lies in obtaining reliable data on the behavior and interests of the youth audience, which can serve as a basis for the subsequent study of customer needs and the development of new marketing strategies in the banking sector. Conclusions are made about the specifics of students' perception and preferences in the field of gamification, which allows for a deeper understanding of the dynamics of consumer behavior of young audiences.

Russian society is in the process of accelerated digital transformation that has caught up with the social and technological processes of the Western world. However, the widespread use of digital technologies and the active introduction of artificial intelligence may be hampered by generational differences in the degree of readiness for digital interaction. The purpose of the article is to specify the generations of modern Russian society based on the active use of digital competencies. The significance of the work carried out is to substantiate the need for the formation of a common digital language that bridges the gap between generations. The value of the results presented in the article lies in the fact that they are being published and introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, since the author is in the process of preparing a dissertation study on intergenerational interaction. The results of research are presented, the subject of which was the degree of participation and the goals of the presence of the younger generation in social networks. The social problem of youth involvement in cybercrimes through social networks is also revealed.

The active development of digital technologies in modern Russia has led to the fact that the content and filling of the virtual space is becoming part of the information and educational policy. In this regard, the substantive content of electronic resources with ethnocultural specifics, their purpose and functions, the nature of the work of teachers with the materials of the "ethnic Internet" are of considerable research interest.
The purpose of the study is to analyze thematic Internet resources that are basic for the work of teachers of Udmurtia in the process of forming and consolidating ethnocultural values in students.
The scientific significance of the work lies in identifying the content and dynamics of the development of an ethnically oriented information environment, determining the mechanisms for representing ethnocultural values in the virtual space. The practical significance of the work is that representatives of state and municipal authorities will be able to use the theoretical developments and conclusions of the authors in their activities when implementing the main provisions of the state national policy, including the formation of a positive national identity. Research developments will help teaching staff to more effectively apply the proposed ethnocultural content in their activities.
As a result of the study, it was revealed that the greatest interest for teachers is in resources that form regional identity, emphasizing the specifics of the history and culture of the peoples of the Udmurt Republic, primarily the Udmurts. However, the fact of the presence of various Internet resources of ethnocultural orientation is offset by the insignificant amount of material necessary for teachers within the educational program and the lack of effective methodological tools for schools.

Russian cinema, which was formed after the collapse of the USSR, faced the need to find new themes, ideas, characters and forms. There have been both successful projects and failures along the way. Currently, the domestic cinema is experiencing some growth, but mainly quantitative rather than qualitative. The purpose of the study was to analyze opinions about modern Russian cinema. Objectives: to explore the interest in Soviet cinema; to identify the proportion of informants who prefer Russian cinema; to describe the most popular and underrepresented genres of Russian films and TV series; to study the most memorable films and TV series. To identify the advantages and disadvantages of Russian cinema; audience satisfaction with films and TV series of domestic production and factors influencing preferences. This study allows us to identify audience preferences and consider the main problems of cinematography in Russia. The results of the study can contribute to the improvement of Russian cinema and improve the functioning of film companies.

The insurance sector is recognized as rapidly growing and developing in Russia in recent years: compared to 2023, in 2024 the insurance market demonstrated a twofold growth. Successes in the insurance sector in general, and the most difficult to develop form of it – voluntary insurance – in particular, indicate an increase in the activity of the economic behavior of the population, which forms the goal of this study: to study the social component of the voluntary insurance category through its reflection in sociological discourse. The paper provides an overview of both theoretical approaches to the study of insurance from the standpoint of sociology and applied sociological research devoted to voluntary insurance. The main conclusion of the study is the formation of a contradiction: on the one hand, there is an increase in the efficiency of the voluntary insurance industry, which is covered from an economic point of view, on the other hand, the social essence of this process, despite the scientific evidence of its role, remains poorly studied and is not actively broadcast in the sociological field.

The growing number of students and graduates with special educational needs in the Russian education system necessitates the study of issues related to their further professional integration into society. The aim of the authors' research is to identify key problems and features of the social and labor adaptation process of graduates from educational institutions for children with disabilities in the Republic of Tatarstan. The research objectives include analyzing graduates' readiness for professional activity, determining their educational plans and professional preferences, as well as identifying the main factors and methods of job searching among this category of youth. Based on the conducted research, it was found that the majority of graduates of Tatarstan schools and boarding schools for children with disabilities plan to continue their education in secondary vocational educational institutions, but they experience significant anxiety about their future work, and there is a high need for specialized support from career guidance specialists and psychologists., the necessity of creating a comprehensive rehabilitation space to ensure effective social and labor adaptation of this category of graduates is substantiated.

The article presents the analysis of the tendencies of transformation of political and electoral activity of Russian student youth, considered in the context of the results of survey studies conducted earlier, in 2011–2024. The relevance of the topic is connected with the necessity of understanding the dynamics of political participation of modern Russian youth, as well as with the necessity of developing recommendations for improvement of communication practices with this group and its involvement in constructive forms of political participation. The purpose of the conducted research is to define the current tendencies of transformation of political and electoral activity of Russian student youth. In the course of the research conducted by the authors for several years, the tasks of defining approaches to the study of political and electoral activity of Russian student youth were solved, survey studies were conducted, based on the analysis of the results of which the analysis of both existing problems in the specified sphere and the assessment of the dynamics of changes in political and electoral orientations of student youth were carried out. The scientific significance of the research results is determined by the understanding of the dynamics of political and electoral activity of student youth in the context of transformation of media consumption practices. The practical significance of the research results is related to the development of recommendations for improving the state youth policy. The study confirms the findings of similar studies on the topic regarding the fact that politics is far from the main place in the lives of modern youth, and existing forms of political communication do not attract young people with their "one-sided" nature, virtually without feedback – this requires appropriate adjustments in the state youth policy. The scientific novelty of the study is due to the understanding of the dynamics of political and electoral activity of student youth in the context of the transformation of media consumption practices in the digital environment.

The relevance of the study is determined by the rapidly growing popularity of rap music in the cultural space of Russian society and the emergence of new groups of people interested in the musical creativity of domestic performers of this genre among young people in the current century. It is shown that the most striking deterministic and explanatory capabilities of the value constructs of rap music fall precisely on the designated social group, in terms of constituting the axiological modes and life worlds of young people, which is closely related to their characteristic features. The purpose of the study is to study the impact of rap music axiologemes on the formation of life worlds and behavior of young people. The album of the Russian rapper Guf "Gift" was chosen as the research material. The evolution of the implementation of axiological constructs of rap performers in the Russian socio-cultural space is demonstrated. A substantive analysis of Guf's album is carried out. Based on the generalization of the results of the available data, the authors identified and interpreted the axiologemes that are presented in the analyzed songs, and also compared them with the previously obtained results of the album "Basta 1". The scientific novelty of this study lies in the author's representation of axiological constructs and their connection with everyday life and behavioral practices of Russian youth and other social groups at the beginning of the 21st century.

The relevance of the article is due to the prevalence of prostitution in modern Russian society, as well as a number of social trends that contribute to the spread of this problem: the transformation of public policy in favor of one based on traditional values, digitalization of prostitution, drug addiction of the population. The purpose of the study was to present a comprehensive model of the life trajectory of a woman in prostitution. This goal was achieved through the implementation of a number of tasks: to conceptualize the model of life trajectories in relation to the object of prostitution; to highlight the main stages of the life trajectory of a woman in prostitution; to analyze the factors influencing the transition from one stage to another. The scientific significance of the study is in the formation of an original author's theoretical model of the life trajectory of a woman in prostitution. The practical significance lies in the possibility of developing measures of social work with women in prostitution depending on the stage of the life trajectory. Scientific novelty stems from the lack of works that comprehensively outline the entire life trajectory of a woman in prostitution.

The relevance of the work stems from the need to reflect the accelerating social changes in Russian society and their impact on people's lives using a relevant theory of transformation. The main goal of the work is to consider the basic principles and history of the life course theory. The goal was achieved through the following tasks: to consider the history of the development of the life course theory; to describe the basic concepts of this theory; to present and analyze the main theoretical principles; to consider the limitations and possibilities of this theory in relation to the Russian context; to illustrate the heuristic potential of the theory using the example of a case study of the phenomenon of prostitution. The scientific significance lies in the detailed description of the basic principles of this theory with their correlation with a number of related theories (phenomenological approach, narrative approach). Practical significance stems from the possibility of using this theory to conduct applied research in modern Russian society. Scientific novelty for Russian sociology arises from the lack of a sufficiently wide number of works covering the basic principles of the life course theory.

In the article, a question related to the study of the regional experience of implementing the target model of mentoring in educational organizations is considered. The purpose of the study is to analyze the theoretical material and consider the experience of various educational institutions. The author considers both domestic and foreign experience, showing common and different. The author's study was conducted, which allowed to identify criteria that effectively/negatively influence the process of implementation of the tutoring system, to reveal the opinion of teachers on the process being studied. The results of the study contribute to the improvement of the methodological support of the mentoring system, the development of mentoring programs and the creation of conditions that reveal personal and pedagogical potential.

The article examines the current phenomenon of youth migration from medium-sized cities within the Republic of Tatarstan in connection with the statistically recorded population outflow in cities such as Bugulma and Leninogorsk, as well as the social demand for a solution to this problem. The purpose of the study is to determine the level of importance of the concept of budget-funded higher online education as a factor in reducing the intensity of youth migration from medium-sized cities. The significance was assessed through expert interviews of persons directly involved in attracting applicants to universities. Among the research objectives were: statistical assessment of the scale of the problem of youth migration from Bugulma and Leninogorsk, theoretical justification of the creation of the concept of budget-funded higher online education, conducting expert interviews and synthesis of conclusions. In a practical sense, the collected data made it possible to advance the understanding of the viability of the created concept, as well as to establish that the concept under study itself can only be useful in a number of other measures that help reduce the intensity of youth migration from medium-sized cities.

The article analyzes the problems of activity of socially oriented non-profit organizations in Russia in modern economic conditions, notes the importance of socially oriented non-profit organizations in solving social problems and improving the quality of life of citizens. The aim of the paper is to offer recommendations on the development of state support for the organization of the non-profit sector in the social sphere on the basis of the identified problematic aspects. The paper considers such key issues as financing of socially-oriented non-profit organizations, problems of assessing the effectiveness of sociallyoriented non-profit organizations and regulatory restrictions, emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to solving problems, including improving legislation, increasing public confidence in nonprofit organizations, encouraging philanthropy, developing transparency and efficiency of financial management. Special attention is paid to the need to develop flexible conditions for the use of funds of socially-oriented non-profit organizations and clear criteria for assessing their effectiveness, as well as to create a long-term partnership between non-profit organizations and the authorities, which will increase their contribution to solving the country's social problems.

The article examines the relationship between international and domestic human rights law, taking into account theoretical and legal models and current judicial practice. The relevance of the topic in the context of globalization and the growing importance of international standards is substantiated. The purpose of the study is to identify mechanisms for the implementation of international norms, analyze legal conflicts and ways to improve human rights practice in Azerbaijan. The paper examines the approaches of dualism and monism, as well as the experience of the European Court of Human Rights and the Constitutional Court of Azerbaijan. The practical significance lies in offering specific recommendations for improving the implementation of international obligations in national jurisdiction.

The study of the legal process sphere leads to the need to determine the specifics of the impact on procedural-legal relations, which is due to the use in most cases of imperative legal norms to regulate law-making and law enforcement activities. Procedural legislation, as a source of imperative procedural law, is one of the means of achieving the goals of the legal process, but far from the only one. In this regard, it is necessary to study the nature of these means.
The relevance of the study determines the purpose of the work: to determine the means of achieving the goals of the legal process. The formulation of this goal determines the need to set the following tasks: to determine the essence and purpose of the legal process; to disclose the concept of "means" and its relationship with the goal; to determine legal and non-legal means; to examine the features of legal means; to analyze procedural legislation that provides for the means and methods of creating legal norms and ensuring the implementation of substantive law; to conduct an analysis of judicial practice, which highlights the means and methods of protecting rights; to determine the means of achieving the goals of the legal process.
The article examines the problem of determining the means of achieving the goals of the legal process. An analysis of current regulatory legal acts and materials of judicial practice that enshrine these means is carried out. This problem is studied taking into account the results of research by legal theorists on the essence and characteristics of legal means. Based on the universal definition of the legal process as law-making and law enforcement activities, the means used in creating legal norms and ensuring the implementation of substantive law are considered.

The relevance of the article is due to the fact that dynamic socio-economic processes in the modern world space create new development opportunities for public administration at all levels. That is why the phenomenon of spatial development strategy plays an important role in the structure of the regional economy, allowing state and municipal government bodies to ensure long-term sustainable development of the country. The purpose of the article is to analyze the phenomenon of spatial development strategizing and its development in the context of local government.
The scientific significance of the work lies in the analysis of the institute of strategizing in the context of ensuring sustainable development of the state and local government bodies. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of application for improving the legislative framework regulating strategic planning. In addition, the study can contribute to the improvement of curricula for training personnel for state management structures. The value of the study and its scientific novelty lie in clarifying the definition of the concept of strategizing and analyzing the legislative foundations of this phenomenon, including the prospects for its development.

The prospects and limits of product placement application in the Russian Federation have not yet been determined. The authors focus on the essence of the tool, revealing its untapped potential, as well as rehabilitating it before the law in cases of mixing product placement with surreptitious advertising. The objectives of this work is to identify the features of product placement that can interest advertisers, advertising makers and distributors; to demonstrate both the broad capabilities and weaknesses of the tool; to separate it from prohibited promotion methods. Among the results, we note: media and digital products capable of integrating product placement; benefits for the advertiser compared to regular advertising campaigns; attention to the problem of legal interpretation of product placement; separation of product placement from surreptitious advertising and sponsorship. The novelty of the study is represented by the generalization of the characteristics, properties, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of product placement.

The relevance of the topic of the scientific publication is expressed in the growing importance of the concept of «soft power» in the context of the realization of Russia's national interests in the context of escalating international sanctions and incessant attempts at international political, economic and cultural isolation.
The purpose of the research is to develop the theoretical basis for the formation and application of the concept of «soft power» and to provide an analytical assessment of its application by the political elite of Russia in the context of the realization of the national interests of the country.
The scientific and practical significance of the work is expressed in the development of knowledge and ideas about the concept of «soft power» and the specifics of its application by the Russian political leadership in modern conditions, as well as a clear structuring of its strengths and weaknesses.

The purpose of the study is to identify trends and structural changes in consumer spending at the regional level, taking into account their impact on improving the quality of life of the population. This goal determined the need to solve the following tasks: to analyze the current dynamic and structural changes in consumer spending of the population, to identify trends in the consumption of goods and services that meet people's needs.
The scientific significance of the study lies in the author's confirmation of the hypothesis about the ongoing structural changes in consumer spending of the population, due to the fact that they have a significant impact on ensuring the quality of life of people. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using the results of the study to analyze the impact of changes in public spending on improving the quality of life of the region's population.
The analysis showed that the overall trend of changes in household per capita expenditures is positive, and the identified structural changes in the expenditures of the population in the study region indicate that, despite the significant prevalence of essential goods, services are gradually but steadily gaining a stable position in the population's consumption.

The introduction of digital technologies into various spheres of public relations naturally leads to a new level of crime. The organizers of financial pyramids actively use the Internet for their criminal purposes. As a result, countering modern financial pyramids is a particularly difficult task for law enforcement agencies. The purpose of this article is to analyze the problems that arise during the investigation of criminal cases of crimes committed by organizations with signs of a pyramid scheme. The article uses an example of investigative practice on the Finiko pyramid, demonstrating problematic situations that arise during the investigation process.

The relevance of the study of issues of pension provision of Russians is beyond doubt, since it meets both the national development goals of the Russian Federation and the Strategy for the Development of the Pension System of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030. The purpose of the study is to substantiate specific areas of potential modernization of the conditions for appointment of old-age insurance pensions in the Russian Federation. The theoretical significance of the obtained results is associated with the possibility of their use in the educational process in higher and secondary vocational educational institutions. The scientific novelty of this study is associated with the author's approach to the consideration of controversial issues of clarifying the conditions for assigning old-age insurance pensions in the Russian Federation.

The article provides a historical and legal analysis of L.A. Kamarovsky's lecture "War or Peace?" (1892), revealing the causes of wars and prospects for peace through the prism of international law, which remains relevant in the context of modern challenges to Russia's security and politics in 2025. The purpose of the study is to identify Kamarovsky's key ideas and compare them with modern international and domestic realities, which is achieved through the study of the historical context, analysis of the concepts of war, militarism and national conflicts, as well as an assessment of the possibilities of their application today. The scientific and practical significance of the work lies in deepening the understanding of the evolution of international law and the formation of modern approaches to peacekeeping, which is useful for the development of foreign policy strategies and reforms of international institutions. As a result, the transition of the perception of war from a natural phenomenon to a moral problem, the role of law in limiting force, criticism of militarism and national contradictions, as well as the need for reforms and strengthening public influence are revealed, which confirms the high relevance of Kamarovsky's ideas in the modern context of sanctions, regional conflicts and information challenges. The novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive comparison of Kamarovsky's legacy with modern challenges, offering new prospects for the application of classical concepts to strengthen international peace and law and order.

Digital technologies in the life of a modern person have led to not only positive, but also negative consequences. Among them, the greatest risks are posed by cybercrime, the growth rate of which is increasing every year. Despite the institutionalization of the cyberpolice service, the training of cyberpolice personnel for the internal affairs bodies remains extremely relevant. The purpose and objectives of the study are to justify the need to train cyberpolice officers within the framework of an interdisciplinary master's program, for example, with the profile "investigation of digital crimes"; assessing trends in the transformation of "old" and "new" digital forms of deviance; analyzing the development of cybercrime and cybervictimization, digital social control and its law enforcement institutions; integrating legal, behavioral and technological knowledge in an educational project. The statistical method and content analysis of scientific literature were used, some experience in training cyberpolice officers was summarized. The significance of the work lies in the formulation of a social problem, its understanding and justification of a solution. It is proposed to implement the training of cyber police officers in a departmental educational system, where a foundation of legal, deviantological research and knowledge has been formed with the involvement of specialists from the IT sphere and law enforcement practice.

The article analyzes the role and place of landscaping and gardening in the processes of public administration of the territory of a megacity in order to achieve the objectives of socio-economic development on the example of St. Petersburg. The purpose of the study is to analyze the role and place of landscaping and gardening in the processes of public administration of the territory of the megacity in order to achieve the objectives of socio-economic development on the example of St. Petersburg. The influence of landscaping and gardening on the achievement of strategic objectives of public administration in the formation of a comfortable and safe environment for life on the territory of the megacity is outlined. It is revealed that the improvement of urban areas indicates the effectiveness of the authorities through the ratings of the quality of urban environment. It is noted that the active interaction of the state, society and business in achieving the tasks of landscaping and gardening of territories creates a certain climate for achieving the strategic objectives of forming a comfortable and attractive urban environment through the implementation of landscaping and gardening processes. The necessity to apply innovative technologies and best practices of landscaping and gardening on the territory of St. Petersburg was revealed.

This article is devoted to the analysis of typical errors that occur when appointing and conducting various types of forensic medical examinations. Errors made by employees of preliminary investigations and expert institutions are classified, and the reasons for the errors made are analyzed. The work provides examples of errors in conducting forensic medical examinations committed in pre-revolutionary Russia and at the present time. The most common methods of detecting investigative and expert errors in the investigation of criminal cases initiated on the facts of committing murders, causing harm to health and other crimes against the person are studied. The result of the study is the following: expert errors may arise for various reasons, for example, an expert comes to a conclusion about the severity of the harm caused to the victim's health without indicating the methods that allowed him to make such a conclusion. An effective means of identifying expert errors is to have the case heard by a higher court.

he article examines the features of Professor L.A. Burganova's life and professional activity in the post-Soviet period of the development of Russian sociology. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the researcher's research and scientific and pedagogical contribution, the formation of a mentoring model and technologies for educating students by Professor L.A. Burganova within the framework of the scientific sociological school she created