The article addresses the issue of the resilience of regional higher education systems in the face of economic challenges in the Far North regions of the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD). The relevance of the study is determined by the key role of the higher education system in the formation and reproduction of the human resource potential in areas with extreme social and natural-climatic conditions. The aim of the research is to develop a comprehensive methodology for assessing the resilience of regional higher education systems, based on a resilience index and taking into account the specific characteristics of the Far North regions of the FEFD. The paper analyzes the main economic and demographic challenges affecting the resilience of regional higher education systems. A proposed assessment methodology includes indicators of human resource potential, research activities, financial stability, and educational activities of universities. The practical significance of the work lies in the potential application of the proposed methodology for analyzing and enhancing the resilience of higher education systems in the regions under consideration. The results of the study can be used by regional executive authorities and universities to develop sustainable development strategies in the context of economic and demographic challenges.

Debt sustainability is an important indicator of the financial condition of the Russian Federation in the face of external challenges and the need to attract additional resources to achieve strategic priorities. Debt sustainability is defined as the ability of an economic entity to meet its financial obligations on time without prejudice to socio-economic development.

The purpose of the article is to explore methodological approaches to assessing the debt sustainability of regional budgets in terms of modern methods and practices and to conduct an assessment using an improved methodology.

The research methods include the systematization of approaches and recommendations for assessing debt sustainability, the analysis of domestic and foreign experience in conducting debt sustainability assessments. Qualitative analysis and the method of expert assessments are used to select and validate indicators and a range of values.

Differences in methodologies have been identified: a limited set of indicators, which may not be sufficient for a comprehensive assessment, and vice versa, an expanded list that increases the objectivity of the assessment, but has limitations in applicability. Foreign approaches offer more flexible methods, but they are focused on the country scale.

It has been established that with a low level of public debt in Russia and stabilization of the debt sustainability of the regions, risks associated with inflation, high interest rates, and a reduction in budget momentum remain, which may require increased borrowing.

The digital transformation of the economy is an objective process of development that is driven by technological advances. It is characterized by its pervasive nature and affects all types of economic activities. The ongoing diffusion of digital technologies across all sectors of the national economy has led to a steady increase in demand for skilled human resources. This applies to both professionals who specialize in digital technologies and those who use digital products and solutions within other fields. This study aims to explore the relationship between these two categories of workers. Based on statistical analysis, the dynamics of digital technology adoption has been found to contribute to an increase in relative demand for the labor of both groups. At the same time, the findings of the quantitative analysis allowed us to formulate and support the hypothesis that employees who are active users of information technology, although not specialists in this area, may be able to perform some of the functions of specialists in the event of a shortage of this category of human resources. The existence of such a substitution effect may be significant for the development of strategies for personnel training and management at enterprises that are intensifying the implementation and use of IT-based products and solutions.

The development of local self-government is one of the key tasks of the Russian Federation. As noted by the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin in his address to the heads and deputies of municipalities “Today, the development of local self-government, increasing its efficiency, resource and personnel capabilities is our absolute priority”.

Despite the priority and degree of importance of the task of the country's leadership, the disproportion between the federal, regional and local budgets remains significant.

In the article, the author sets the goal of considering the tax mechanisms for the development of municipal authorities, formulating approaches and proposals for improving the current tax system of local budgets and developing recommendations based on the analysis.

The scientific significance of the article is in substantiating the feasibility and effectiveness of using the proposed initiatives to improve the tax mechanism of municipal authorities and assessing their impact on the budget structure of local budgets.

The practical significance of the study is in the fact that the developed presented results can serve as a solution to the issue of developing municipalities' own revenues and reducing dependence on inter-budget transfers, which is implemented in expanding the powers of local authorities and the effectiveness of implementing tasks for the development of local self-government in the Russian Federation.

The Smart City concept implies the introduction of digital technologies in territory management, which ensure reasonable consumption of resources, prompt response to emerging problems, and ultimately improve the safety and comfort of life of the population. At the same time, one should take into account the risks that always accompany innovative solutions. Forecasting risks and understanding their interconnectedness helps to adjust management actions and ensure their consistency. The purpose of the study is to study and classify the risks associated with the implementation of smart solutions at the municipal level. To achieve the goal, based on an analysis of scientific works and legal sources, the author’s definition of a “Smart City” is given. Using an expert survey, the significance of infrastructure, economic, personnel, social and technological risks of implementing the Smart City concept in the municipalities of the Arkhangelsk region was determined. As a result of the study, it was determined that the degree of probability of each risk group depends on the starting conditions and the specifics of the municipality. The authors of the article emphasize that the effectiveness of using smart services largely depends on the willingness of the population to apply and use them.

Public administration evolves naturally with the development of society, technology, and socioeconomic goals in the long term. These processes are reflected in the approaches and concepts of state regulation of the sphere of tourist and recreational services. The dynamic development of tourism in the country's regions, the diversification of supply, and the growing expectations and demands of consumers for its quality, assortment, and service technologies affect the formation of a management model. The results of its operation are due to the flexibility of the instruments and mechanisms of public administration at various levels, the operational feedback of the objects of influence, allowing them to differentiate and improve. The purpose of the study is to develop elements of a cluster-network model of state management of the tourism and recreational services market. Research objectives: 1) to consider scientific and theoretical models of public administration; 2) to study models of public administration of the market of tourist and recreational services; 3) to substantiate the need for the formation of a cluster-network model of state management of the market of tourist and recreational services and to develop its elements. The value of the research lies in the adaptation of existing scientific and theoretical approaches in order to improve the state management of regional markets of tourist and recreational services. The result, which has a scientific novelty, is a model of public administration that includes elements of a cluster-network approach.

The development of a management system for state-owned companies based on the use of digital technologies is an urgent task as the digital economy grows. The purpose of the study is to identify opportunities to improve the management system of state-owned enterprises based on the use of digital technologies. The methodological development of provisions for the creation of a mechanism for improving the management system of enterprises and organizations based on its digitalization is of scientific significance. The practical significance is the development of an algorithm for digital transformation of the company's management system. The article contains a description of the elementary structure of the mechanism for assessing the digital transformation of the management system of a state company and its relationship with the model for assessing the "digital" maturity. The result of the study is the justification of the advantage of using the mechanism for the most complete achievement of the goals of digital transformation. The value of the study lies in the development of an algorithm for assessing the digital maturity of the management system of a state company. Scientific novelty lies in the creation of a methodological apparatus for constructing a mechanism for digital transformation of the management system of state companies in Russia.

Abstract In the context of accelerating digital transformation, enterprises are faced with the need to adapt their business processes to achieve competitive advantages. The article is devoted to the development and implementation of a digital strategy for small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as the analysis of methods for optimizing and digitalizing their internal and external business processes.

The purpose of the article is to develop a digitalization strategy for small and medium-sized businesses using a balanced scorecard. The objectives of the study are: determining the structural elements of the digitalization strategy, as well as developing a strategic map for the digitalization of business processes of small and medium-sized businesses using a balanced scorecard.

The study proposes a strategic map for the digitalization of small and medium-sized businesses using a balanced scorecard, which allows structuring key elements of the strategy, including: technologies, changes in value creation, organizational and structural changes.

Improving the management system of state-owned companies in the context of the formation of the digital economy is one of the most important organizational and managerial tasks facing the owner and management of such enterprises. In this context, the purpose of the study is to analyze the possibilities of using the methods and tools of the risk-oriented management concept to increase the reliability of achieving the planned results of reforming the management system. The scientific significance of the study lies in the theoretical and methodological development of provisions for improving the management system of state-owned companies, taking into account the possible risks of activities to reform the system. The practical significance of the work lies in the development of practical recommendations for the formation of a set of methods and tools of risk-oriented management to reduce / prevent the dangers of losing the effectiveness of the implementation of the strategy (program) of digital transformation of the management system of a state integrated company. In the course of the study, it was determined that the use of the generally accepted practice of implementing ERM (enterprise risk management) for reforming the management system of state companies is not suitable. For successful implementation of the digital transformation program of the management system, it is necessary to integrate risk management into the enterprise management system itself. As a main conclusion, it was substantiated that risk-oriented management of the human factor is one of the key areas within the framework of the digital transformation risk management system. The value of the study lies in the conceptual and methodological development of provisions for the digital transformation of the management system of state-owned companies using risk-oriented management methods and tools. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the creation of a theoretical and methodological apparatus for building a strategy (program) for the digital transformation of the management system of state-owned companies in the context of the implementation of a single national task of forming a digital economy in Russia.

The relevance of the problem is due to the understanding of the essence of the economic potential of the region and the need to study it as a key factor in stability, sustainability and economic security. Assessing the economic potential of the region is a prerequisite for developing a strategy and programs to improve economic security. The purpose of the article is to determine methodological approaches to assessing the economic potential and, on its basis, organizing monitoring of economic security. The objectives of the study are the selection and systematization of elements of resource provision of economic potential, tools and systems of indicators for analysis and organization of monitoring. The practical significance lies in the possibility of applying the proposed organizational monitoring scheme and its step-by-step algorithm in regional economic security systems.

The formation of a flexible and correct system of efficiency assessment, which allows analyzing not only the degree of performance, but also to identify and eliminate vulnerabilities in a timely manner, is the key to achieving the strategic goals and objectives set for the state. In the article the author aims to consider modern approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the executive authorities, to form a unified system, clearly reflecting the complexity and interconnectedness of elements, to make recommendations for development, based on the analysis. The scientific significance of the article lies in the justification of the expediency of using the key modern approaches of domestic and foreign authors to the issue of assessing the effectiveness of executive authorities and, therefore, the formation of a single broad view on this issue. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the presented results, in the form of a system, can become the basis for solving the problem of choosing the vector of development of the direction of efficiency assessment both inside and outside the executive authorities.

Forecasting the socio-economic development of a country is developing along the path of strategic planning and adaptation to global geopolitical and macroeconomic stress factors. Ensuring the sustainability of positive trends is the main task of public administration. The two main subsystems of tourism and recreational activities considered in science – social and economic – have a mutual influence on each other, despite the difference in conceptual approaches, mechanisms and tools. The development of federal initiatives should be continued in the regional socio-economic policy. The purpose of the study is to develop a model of the mechanism of public administration and regulation of the tourist and recreational services sector based on the balance of the social and economic subsystem. Research objectives: 1) to study the scientific and theoretical aspects of the regulation of the tourist and recreational sphere; 2) to identify the features and directions of public administration and regulation of the tourist and recreational sphere; 3) to propose ways to optimize public administration and regulation of the tourism and recreational sphere of the country's subjects based on current results. The value of the research lies in the development of the theoretical concept of public administration of the clusternetwork element of the mechanism. The result, which has a scientific novelty, is the structure of the mechanism of public administration, reflecting the elements of the social and economic function of the tourist and recreational sphere. Tourism and recreational activities in the current conditions require the development of material, technical and digital infrastructure, stable investments for their expansion and modernization. The subjects of the tourism and recreational sphere receive a positive impetus when creating favorable macroeconomic parameters and stimulating entrepreneurial initiative, capital inflows from various sources.

This article is devoted to the consideration of the actual tasks of investment policy at the municipal level. In the priorities of the national development goals [1] and the new Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation (2024) [2], a special role is given to improving the effectiveness of management at all levels of the territorial vertical. Currently, the importance of local self-government bodies in individual urban and rural settlements is viewed in a fundamentally different context, and many of them are essentially the basic basis of the geostrategic territories of the country and thus represent the mainstay and most significant primary formations for ensuring the national security of the state [3]. In this regard, it is particularly relevant to consider management mechanisms and various investment tools for implementing large-scale transformations in the most diverse spatial sector of Russia.

This article addresses the pressing issue of the digital transformation of municipal service delivery systems within the context of global processes of public administration digitalization. The study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of international experiences in the digital transformation of municipal services and develop recommendations for their adaptation considering various socio-economic conditions. Based on a comparative analysis of digitalization practices in municipal services across different countries, key trends and patterns in the development of electronic municipal governance are identified. Particular attention is given to the experience of Great Britain, Estonia, Singapore, Russia and Iraq, which are at various stages of development of digital ecosystems for the provision of public and municipal services.

The study establishes that successful digital transformation of municipal services is built on the following foundational elements: a unified technological platform, integrated databases, a robust user identification and authentication system, standardized interfaces, and interaction protocols. It is revealed that the key success factors include political will, sufficient funding, developed digital infrastructure, and digital literacy among the population.

Based on the research findings, the following recommendations for optimizing digital transformation processes in municipal services are proposed: the development of a comprehensive digitalization strategy with clear target indicators; the implementation of the "digital by default" principle in designing new services; ensuring information security and personal data protection; fostering inter-agency electronic interaction systems; and enhancing the digital literacy of both citizens and municipal employees.

This article contributes to the theoretical understanding of digital transformation processes in public administration and enriches the existing academic foundation with practical recommendations to improve the efficiency of municipal service delivery in a digital format.

Modern geo-economic conditions and the course towards ensuring Russia's technological sovereignty actualize the need to review the instruments of industrial policy. In the context of the structural transformation of the economy, there is an increasing need for a scientifically based approach to the development and implementation of government measures, which makes the appeal to the concept of evidence-based policy timely and meaningful.

The purpose of the research is a theoretical understanding of the essence and content of evidence-based industrial policy of technological sovereignty, as well as the development of conceptual foundations for its implementation in the Russian economy. The work has scientific significance in terms of adapting foreign approaches to evidence-based policy to the Russian context, taking into account the specifics of the transformational economy and the challenges of technological lag.

As a result of the research, a conceptual model of evidence-based industrial policy is proposed, which includes three levels of functioning (predictive, design and operational), a monitoring and analytics system, as well as a map of evidence gaps that allows identifying and eliminating inconsistencies between goals and results.

In practice, the participatory (participatory, participatory) approach used in the process of strategizing to a greater extent covers the function of goal-setting, participation of different interested groups of the territorial system in the development and adoption of a strategic plan. At the same time, the tools for implementing the selected strategies based on the principles of participatory management have been studied to a lesser extent and require theoretical and practical generalization, which was the purpose of the study. The article expresses a hypothesis about increasing the balance of management of territorial socioeconomic systems on the basis of the synthesis of strategic, incremental and participatory approaches at all stages of strategizing. The evolution of the use of the participatory approach in the management of territorial systems is considered. The features of participatory management in the Western and Eastern matrix models of management are determined, the tools of application in Russian practice are analyzed. The results can be useful in improving the tools of participatory management in municipal practice.

The digitalization of work processes caused by increased competition among domestic companies has increased the demand for highly qualified specialists and transformed the formats of basic and infrastructural business processes. One of the reserves for reducing the shortage of personnel is the partial or complete transition of employees to a remote work format by introducing new digital practices into HR processes for the automated search for candidates for vacant positions. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to substantiate the model of the business process of personnel selection for IT companies, considering the specifics of the remote employment format based on an analysis of labor availability for the period 2025-2030. The scientific significance of the work is determined in identifying areas for improving the HR processes of Russian enterprises. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the results of the study can be used to make changes to the current mechanism of recruiting companies in the information technology sector. Based on the analysis, a shortage of IT specialists was identified and a recruitment model based on HR-Tech programs was developed to reduce the understaffing of enterprises in the context of the digital transformation of the economy and the labor market.

In modern society entrepreneurship acts as an innovative mechanism that promotes the development of the economic system as a whole, performing a number of important economic and social functions in society. Conducting entrepreneurial activity is associated with risks, in this regard, the study of the readiness of entrepreneurs to assess and accept risks has scientific and applied significance.

The purpose of the scientific article is to study the perception of risk by entrepreneurs. To achieve this goal, the concept of risk was analyzed, the attitude to risk in the business environment was studied, problems that reduce the willingness of entrepreneurs to take risks and develop entrepreneurial business were identified.

The scientific significance of the study lies in identifying the attitude to risk among Novosibirsk entrepreneurs, determining the gender characteristics of risk perception, developing a typology of entrepreneurs based on the criterion of risk readiness. The results of the study can be used in developing programs of state support for entrepreneurship and training programs for aspiring entrepreneurs.

Based on the analysis of scientific literature, statistical data and survey results, the article identifies gender characteristics of risk perception in the business environment, and identifies types of Novosibirsk entrepreneurs based on risk readiness using cluster analysis.

The quality of public and municipal finance management is a frequent subject of study in economic literature. However, most often the articles are reduced to a description of the methodology for assessing the quality of regional finance management approved by the Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated December 3, 2010 No. 552 "On the Procedure for Monitoring and Assessing the Quality of Regional Finance Management" and an analysis of the results of monitoring conducted by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation based on this methodology. Scientific works do not contain a critical analysis of the assessment methodology itself and the possibilities for its improvement, which determines the relevance of research in this area. The purpose of the article is to study the methods for assessing the quality of public and municipal finance management used in international practice and to determine the possibilities of their use in Russia. Based on the results of the study, a conclusion was made about the focus of foreign methods on conducting cross-country comparative analysis and the impossibility of their full use for assessing the quality of public finance management within the country.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the management of funds of the National Welfare Fund in the context of geopolitical risks and sanctions pressure on the Russian economy. The purpose of the study is to clarify the legal regime for managing the NWF, in light of new macroeconomic challenges and shocks in force since 2022, and to justify changes in the investment declaration that will contribute to the growth of the liquid part of the fund and the profitability from managing its funds. The issues of the NWF investment declaration, the structure of the fund's investment portfolio, their compliance with the fund's intended purpose and the fund's asset management objectives are considered. It is concluded that the investment declaration and modernization the NWF management need to transform. Based on the results obtained, the directions for further improvement of the management of funds of the National Welfare Fund are formulated, both in terms of changing the investment declaration and the actual asset structure of the fund.

The relevance of the study is to analyze the functioning of reserve funds at the regional level, contributing to ensuring the sustainability of the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The study identifies key factors affecting the volume and structure of expenditures of the reserve funds of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as the vulnerabilities of current fund management practices. It is shown that in recent years, reserved budget allocation without the formation of reserve funds have also been used as a reserve tool. The study is based on the example of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which differ in terms of budget security and debt sustainability. As a result of the systematization of the practice of forming reserve funds of the subjects of the Russian Federation, recommendations have been developed to improve the management of reserved budget funds at the regional level. The results of the study can be used to clarify the regulatory and methodological documents governing the formation and use of reserve funds of the regions.

The solution to the problems of public administration in the field of land accounting is carried out with the participation of the public law company Roskadastr (CPC RK), established in 2023. For the effective functioning of the CPC of the Republic of Kazakhstan, within the framework of delegated powers, it is necessary to create a scientifically based mechanism capable of changing the situation in the area of responsibility of the Federal Register.

The purpose of this study is to develop an integrated approach to building an economic and organizational mechanism for the functioning of the Roskadastr Control Center, reflecting a set of elements of public administration.

Prior to the approval of the state program «National spatial data system» («NSPD») in the field of land accounting, subordinated to the Federal Register, there were many technological, organizational and economic problems that can be solved by using an effective economic and organizational mechanism for the functioning of the Roskadastr Control Center.

The organization of the CPC's functioning is based on methodological elements combined into a single mechanism that takes into account the specifics of non-profit organizations, state corporations and government authorities.

The result of this study is the organizational and economic mechanism of the CPC of the Republic of Kazakhstan, obtained through the application of systemic and process approaches, taking into account the methodological elements of public administration based on the principles of entrepreneurship, supply chain management principles, principles of social responsibility, principles of geospatial information management. This will make it possible to reasonably develop targeted solutions for public administration in the operation of the CPC. Further development of the management tools and methods of the CPC of the Republic of Kazakhstan is possible, taking into account not only the goals of the state program «NSPD», but also in the context of achieving the goals of sustainable development of Russia.

The article attempts to develop and specify the management approach to understanding legal policy, which, as the author substantiates, is of paramount importance for improving the quality of legal regulation and strengthening the sovereignty of modern Russia. The purpose of the study is to identify the content and cognitive potential of the management approach to legal policy. The objectives of the study are to describe and argue the structure of legal policy as a management activity, the advantages of the management approach, as well as to search for key elements that determine the effectiveness of legal policy.

The scientific novelty of the study lies in the detailed substantiation of the information and ideological aspect of legal policy. Using modern Russia as an example, the author proves that the so-called "unstructured method of management" is always present in legal policy. Considering legal policy in this vein, theoretical jurisprudence can be focused on studying the processes of social management and the role of law in them. Only with understanding and full use of this approach is it possible to increase the effectiveness of legal regulation and revive the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, which expresses the practical significance of the study.

The article is based on the findings of a study dedicated to the development of international construction contract law (ICCL) founded on the standards of the International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC). The study examined the key forms of FIDIC contracts, their impact on the legal regulation of cross-border construction projects, and the peculiarities of adapting these standards in BRICS countries, the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). Particular emphasis is placed on the dispute resolution mechanisms and the role of FIDIC in the global standardization of contracts. In addition, the study explores interactions with international organizations, such as the World Bank and the New Development Bank of BRICS (NDB), as well as the significance of educational and scientific-technological integration in the training of specialists involved in cross-border projects, thereby contributing to the harmonization of legal norms and the maintenance of sustainable international cooperation in the construction sector.

The article analyzes the problem of protecting the business reputation of business entities. The purpose of study is to analyze and identify existing problems of judicial protection of business reputation of business entities and propose ways to eliminate them. The scientific significance of the research results lies in the analysis of the problem of protecting the business reputation of business entities; consideration of criteria on the basis of which it is possible to talk about protecting the reputation of entrepreneurs by judicial authorities.

The practical significance lies in the fact that the results of the study can be used to improve civil legislation, as well as to achieve the necessary uniformity of judicial practice in this category of disputes, when teaching courses in civil and business law, special courses on the protection of rights to intangible assets in the field of entrepreneurship.

In the face of growing environmental threats related to water pollution, ensuring the protection of water bodies is becoming increasingly important. Water resources are a strategically vital component of ecosystems and socio-economic development; however, the existing legal framework encounters several challenges that require improvement. The aim of this study is to identify current issues in the protection of water bodies in the Russian Federation, analyze prosecutorial oversight in this area, and develop proposals for legislative improvements. The research examines key aspects of law enforcement practices, highlights deficiencies in existing regulations, and evaluates their implementation mechanisms.

The scientific and practical significance of this work lies in its potential to contribute to legislative improvements, enhance the effectiveness of prosecutorial oversight, and develop more efficient mechanisms for water body protection. As a result of the analysis, legal inconsistencies in the implementation of the Water Code of the Russian Federation and other regulatory acts were identified. Examples from prosecutorial practice illustrate the difficulties in holding responsible parties accountable and addressing pollution consequences. The authors propose specific measures to strengthen the legal protection of water bodies, including legislative amendments aimed at closing gaps and improving supervisory activities.

The relevance of the research topic lies in the fact that sports relations have become a part of modern life and form a special segment of culture, economy, and constitute a common good. The controversial nature of many conceptual frameworks of responsibility applied to sports actors is confronted with the ambiguous practice of implementing corporate norms on the part of major sports associations at both the national and international levels.

The scientific significance of the work lies in understanding the special public status of certain types of physical culture and sports associations, which presupposes the transformation of the conditions for their civil liability.

The value of the conducted research lies in the proposal of a new approach to the civil liability of sports and sports organizations, according to which such an organization should have similar features to the responsibility of public authorities.

According to the results of the study, it is proposed to legalize the special nature of the civil liability of sports federations, which will allow to establish a balance of interests of corporate sports entities, which is virtually absent in modern times.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the distinctive properties of the principle of the priority of human and civil rights and freedoms and the peculiarities of its consolidation in various levels and forms of sources of law. The purpose of the study is the nature of legitimation, as well as the attitude of legislative, executive and judicial authorities to this principle. To achieve this goal, the author turned to solving a number of tasks, including establishing the main ways and means of its legal formalization, which have not received their coverage and systematization in scientific thought. As a result of the conducted research, the author concludes that the principle of priority of human and civil rights and freedoms is fixed in various ways, has a multi-line form of expression, derived formulas related to the definition of the scope and scope of action, has a complex normative content.

In this paper, the authors paid attention to the problematic issues of bringing persons to criminal responsibility for non-payment of funds for the maintenance of children or disabled parents. The purpose of the article is to develop proposals for improving existing criminal law norms. The tasks are: identification of problems arising in the qualification of this act; a comprehensive analysis of current legislation; consideration of issues related to the peculiarities of administrative prejudice. The scientific and practical significance is due to the fact that the authors have identified gaps in the current legislation in the field of non-payment of funds for the maintenance of children or disabled parents. The main results were proposals for amendments and additions to the current criminal legislation of the Russian Federation. The value of the conducted research lies in the possibility of increasing the effectiveness of countering non-payment of alimony obligations.

Digitalization as an objective process is capable of not only changing the technical component of law regulation, but also influencing the emergence of new law means, as well as significantly adjusting the structure of law relations, which determines the relevance of the topic under study. The purpose of the study is the formation of scientific knowledge about possible forms of transformation of the structure of law relations in the digital era. The authors set such tasks as a general analysis of the structure of a law relationship, consideration of the factors of influence of artificial intelligence on understanding the object and subject of a law relationship, disclosure of moments of convergence of these categories. The work scientifically rethinks the problems of understanding the subject and object of a law relationship in the context of digitalization, and also gives practical recommendations in terms of amending the current legislation. Based on the use of artificial intelligence, the introduction of the category of "quasi-subject" with limited legal capacity is substantiated. Thus, the study expands the vision of traditional elements of the structure of a law relationship, formulating a new vision of the future category of subject and law capacity.

The article is devoted to the topical issue of termination of a criminal record upon release of a convicted person recognized as a drug addict from serving a sentence. The absence in the text of Part 3 of Article 821 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation of any indication of termination of a criminal record as a result of a court decision is recorded. The main objective is to find options acceptable from the standpoint of the current criminal law for termination of a criminal record of convicted persons recognized as drug addicts and released by the court from serving a sentence or the remaining part of it in connection with the fulfillment of probation conditions. The author initially set the task of defining the essence and methods of termination of a criminal record, identifying the difference between its expungement and removal. It is established that a criminal record is expunged in the event of release of a person from further serving a sentence. The starting point of the period expunging a criminal record in this situation is recognized as the moment the court decision on release comes into force, if the same decision exempts the person from additional punishment. The fundamental impossibility of expunging and removing a criminal record of a person released from serving a sentence with a deferment is proven when passing a sentence. The application of Part 2 of Article 86 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in such a situation is considered incorrect. As a result, from the standpoint of the logical foundations of the institution of criminal record and the grounds for applying such a deferment, a proposal has been put forward to supplement the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with a special regulation on the expungement of a criminal record in cases of the final release of a convicted person from serving a sentence when he was granted a deferment. These proposals contain an element of scientific novelty and may prove useful for improving the legislative regulation and application of the institution of criminal record.

The content of constitutional and legal categories and concepts is the subject of close attention of scientists, since they underlie the construction of a system of legislative regulation of public relations. The article discusses some approaches to understanding one of the most important legal categories of "people". The use of such methods as formal-logical and comparative-legal allowed us to identify some features of the legal content of the term in question. A comparison of the concepts of "citizens" and "people" gave reason to conclude that the category of "people" should be understood not only as citizens of the state, but also all persons permanently residing in Russia and contributing to the socio-economic development of the state.

In the context of the constantly increasing pace of interstate communication, there is an increasing need to understand the nature of the content of international legal norms in order to ensure their implementation, and therefore the existing international legal order. At the moment, theory and practice disagree on the issue of defining international legal obligations and the grounds for their classification. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the main approaches to classifying international legal obligations in relation to international environmental protection. The conducted research makes it possible to identify specific features of international legal obligations in international environmental law, gaps in some theoretical constructions and possible ways to eliminate them. The work confirms the importance of the theoretical development of issues of typologization of international legal obligations, as well as the relationship with the institute of international responsibility. The results of this study can be useful for research, educational and practical purposes.

The Advocacy operates on the basis of the principles of self-government and independence. The effectiveness of the implementation of these principles depends on the quality of management decisions made in the legal profession. The relevance of the research topic is due to the insufficient degree of knowledge of managerial decision-making in the legal profession. The study used the results of a survey of 394 lawyers and employees of law schools in the Novosibirsk region, as well as an expert interview with the Chairman of the Commission on Youth Policy. The article describes the specifics of management practices inherent in the legal profession, and concludes that there are transformations of management methods on the example of cross-regional debates of young lawyers. Based on theoretical approaches, it is proved that collective discussions preceding the adoption of managerial decisions contribute to improving the quality of decisions made. Based on the data obtained, it is concluded that the introduction of non-standard decision-making methods, such as the participation of the Youth policy commission in managerial decision-making, allows the bar to adapt to changes and improve the quality of decisions.

The relevance of this article lies in the study of a new object of research for the Russian legal system – constitutional (statutory) councils of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Pursuing the goal of identifying the content of the legal status of councils using the experience of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the following tasks were set: to determine the legal basis for the organization and activities of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), to characterize individual elements of its legal status, and to formulate the prospects for constitutional supervision in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) based on the data obtained. It was revealed that the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is a constitutional supervisory non-judicial body, which nevertheless adopted the long-term development of constitutional proceedings in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The article contributes to the development of scientific ideas about constitutional (statutory) councils; its content can be used, in particular, in the work of councils in terms of ensuring the legal impact of their decisions on public relations.

Currently, there is an increase in crimes against minors in the Russian Federation. In this paper, the authors paid attention to the peculiarities of the qualification of the murder of a newborn child by a mother. The purpose of the article is to develop criminal law measures to counteract this negative phenomenon. The tasks are: to identify problems arising in the qualification of this act; to develop proposals for improving current legislation; to consider issues related to the moment of the beginning of life and the consolidation of the legal status of the embryo. The scientific and practical significance is due to the fact that the authors have identified gaps in the current legislation in the field of the murder of a newborn child by a mother. The main results were proposals for amendments and additions to the current criminal legislation of the Russian Federation. The value of the conducted research lies in the possibility of increasing the effectiveness of countering the murders of a newborn child by mothers.

The article analyzes the problem of ensuring citizens' access to justice in the context of the introduction of digital technologies in civil proceedings. The author examines the problems of existing electronic document management mechanisms, the reasons for which include technical barriers and operational failures. The materials of judicial practice are analyzed in terms of resolving issues of restoring procedural deadlines missed due to failures in the operation of electronic services. The value of the study lies in the development of recommendations for justifying the validity of the reasons for missing a deadline in the event of a technical failure, as well as for increasing the efficiency of remote interaction between participants in civil proceedings.

The relevance of this study is determined by the fact that in difficult economic conditions, when most employers in the manufacturing sector face the need to solve the problem of a shortage of skilled labor, ensuring the solution of problems in the production of state-important products, staffing of the organization's activities becomes not only the task of individual employers, but also of the state as a whole, acquiring a political character. One of the areas of state activity in this area is to increase the effectiveness of legal regulation of the mentoring institution as one of the forms of professional adaptation and retention of specialists in the organization.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the legal framework for the functioning of the mentoring institution. The objective of the study is to study the existing regulatory framework at the time of the study, which underlies the functioning of the mentoring institution. The scientific significance of the study is to identify legal gaps that reduce the effectiveness of legal regulation of the functioning of the mentoring institution.

The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using its results to improve the efficiency of legal regulation of the functioning of the mentoring institution. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the directions proposed by the authors for improving the efficiency of legal regulation of the functioning of the mentoring institution.

In the course of the study, the authors conclude that it is necessary to strengthen the role of government agencies in the legal regulation of the mentoring institution in order to solve the problem of staffing the activities of organizations.

On the European continent, France is the main leader in the number of franchise networks and the volume of profit from their turnover, which is due to the long history of using franchising models in this country. The legal framework for regulating franchising relations combines the norms of civil and commercial law, as well as a number of special legislative acts of public law aimed at ensuring the interests of their participants. French legislation is characterized by "soft" law, which contributes to the popularity and dynamic development of franchising. However, the complexity and versatility of franchising relations, as well as the emergence of new technological features of production and sales markets, require constant analysis and improvement of the mechanisms of legal regulation of this area of business. The purpose of the study is to analyze the legislation, doctrinal approaches and law enforcement practice in the field of franchising relations in France. The purpose of the scientific research determines its objectives: to determine the private law basis for regulating franchising relations, taking into account the reform of French legislation; to identify key problems and risks arising within the framework of franchising relations; analyze the mechanism for regulating restrictive trade practices aimed at protecting competition and market stability.

The practical significance of the study lies in determining the trends in the development of the modern system of regulatory control of franchising relations in France and the possibility of forming similar legal institutions in Russia. The work defines, firstly, the influence of general contract law on the special regulation of franchising relations; secondly, the emphasis in the legal regulation of private law relations on the pre-contractual obligations of their participants having a complex structure; thirdly, the inclusion in the norms of legislation of mechanisms aimed at balancing contractual relations such as: abuse of economic dependence, restrictive trade practices, etc. The main conclusions made in the work can contribute to the harmonization of French legislation and international cooperation, as well as contribute to a more sustainable development of franchising relations.

The article considers issues related to the study of social well-being of young people. The purpose of the study is to analyze approaches that allow assessing the social well-being of young people both in general and in individual groups. The author highlights the main theoretical provisions of the concepts of studying social well-being in both Western and domestic traditions. The spheres of life of modern youth that determine their social well-being are determined. The article presents the results of an empirical study of assessments of the importance of areas of youth activity in the structure of social well-being, assessments of confidence in achieving results in these areas, opinions on the possibility of achieving results in these areas independently and with state support, and proposed indices for assessing the social well-being of young people. The results of the study make a scientific contribution to the methodology of social well-being of young people. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using the obtained results to organize monitoring of the social well-being of young people for the purpose of balanced development of state youth policy.

The article is devoted to the additional education of students in a modern Russian university. The relevance of the topic of research is due to the dynamic development of additional education of students, its demand for personality and society. The purpose of the study is to analyze the main aspects of the implementation of additional educational programs for students of a modern university, the tasks are to reveal the problems and prospects for the development of additional education for students, to identify the motives and preferences of students, their ideas about the optimal conditions for mastering additional education programs. Based on the data of applied sociological research conducted at the Tver State Technical University, the main characteristics of the student as a subject of additional education are disclosed, factors that contribute to and impede the development of additional education for students in a regional university are identified.

The family, acting as one of the fundamental social institutions, has always been an extremely important area of state social policy. In recent years, there has been increased attention from the authorities to issues of comprehensive support for family and childhood institutions. Within the framework of this study, the features of modern socio-demographic policy are considered through the prism of students' value orientations. The interest in students is due to the fact that they not only act as a source of replenishment of qualified personnel, but also constitute a large socio-demographic group, active and dynamic, characterized by a special social behavior. The study of the value orientations of representatives of this social group regarding the family and demographic policy pursued in our country is an important stage in identifying existing problems in this area and making predictions about the prospects for the development of the family as a social institution.

Despite the relatively local nature of the study, its results, taking into account the typical character of the considered region of the Russian Federation as an industrial and business region, allow us to talk about the appearance of general trends. Therefore, the results of the study can be used to develop effective actions to overcome the crisis associated with the deformation of the family institution and the unfavorable socio-demographic situation in individual regions, as well as in the country as a whole.

The article presents the results of a sociological study conducted using the questionnaire survey method. The authors draw conclusions about the importance of building a strong family in the value system of most modern students, and also identify the factors that influence their decision to marry, as well as the presence of children in marriage and their number. The authors substantiate the relevance of modern state family and demographic policy, and the need to study the value orientations of individual social groups in order to increase the effectiveness of its implementation.

In recent decades, the attitudes and statistics of women on maternity leave and parental leave have been changing. An increasing number of Russian women, under the influence of various factors, prefer to combine labor and maternal activities, many of them change their career trajectory during pregnancy leave. The results of a sociological study aimed at analyzing the career trajectories of Tver women on parental leave are presented. The results of this study will help employers create more comfortable conditions for staff retention after the birth of children, and women will better understand the possibilities of career expectations. The main difficulties for women when leaving parental leave are identified; the possibility of combining the roles of mother and employee; the impact of motherhood on a woman's professional life; professional wishes and aspirations of women; preferences in employment and employment formats after parental leave. A number of recommendations have been developed to implement more effective professional activities for women after parental leave.

Evaluation activities are one of the key functions of personnel management in the civil service. The purpose of the work: based on the analysis of theoretical aspects and practical activities on the implementation of various types of assessment in the executive authorities of the region, to identify their advantages and problems, to determine areas for improvement. Objectives of the work: to study the theoretical aspects of the assessment procedures of civil servants, to analyze the technologies for assessing officials of the regional Government, to identify the strengths and weaknesses of this system. The object of the work is the state authorities of the constituent entity of the federation, the subject of the work: the system of assessment of civil servants at the level of the constituent entity of the federation. During the study, an integrated and systematic approach, methods of comparative and statistical analysis, and a questionnaire were used. The work presents the results of the analysis of theoretical provisions and practical activities on personnel assessment in regional executive bodies: the content and regulatory framework for various types of assessment of state civil servants are disclosed, the advantages and weaknesses of the assessment procedures are presented. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using the results and conclusions in the practical activities of state authorities and local self-government.

The article focuses on the phenomenon of “social typology of personality”. This concept is considered in the article as one of the tools for social manipulation, and its definition is given. The authors emphasize the importance of studying social typology in modern conditions of military conflicts, identified the main differences between patriots and nationalists and gave them definitions, based on the results of a sociological study. The researchers stated the fact that the number of patriotic youth in society significantly exceeds people with nationalistic views in generation Z. This fact about society consolidation gives great predictions for the future development of society. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the social typology of personality serves as a tool for compiling a system of certain characteristics, which can help to established the social identity of each person. For the consolidation of society, identifiers have the function of identifying a stranger as a member of society. And for separation of community, they track those indicators with the help of which a person’s identity changes with the change of generations and over long distances.

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has caused its rapid penetration into almost all spheres of life in modern society. The purpose of the work is to study the impact of artificial intelligence technologies on the Russian labor market in general, as well as on subjects of labor relations – employees and employers, in particular. Research method: author's expert interview with HR specialists in the field of recruitment, evaluation and training of personnel. The scientific significance of the work lies in the fact that, based on the results of the author's empirical research, expert assessments of the positive impact of artificial intelligence, as well as social risks associated with the introduction of AI technologies into the Russian labor market, employees and employers were determined. The practical significance lies in obtaining predictive expert opinions on professions, the relevance of which depends on the introduction of AI technologies. The main research conclusion: at the moment, recruitment specialists mostly positively assess the prospects for the introduction of AI technologies into the Russian labor market.

Based on the developed methodology, the characteristics of Chinese students' perception of communication technologies and communication have been identified and systematized. The peculiarities of the perception of communication technologies of European management by Chinese students are summarized, differences in understanding the goals and role of managerial communication are shown. The importance of external behavioral acts and irrational communication technologies, perceived by Chinese students as important conditions for effective communication, is documented. Five groups of communication technologies have been identified and empirically confirmed, which are arranged in a certain hierarchy according to the importance of their perception by Chinese students. Recommendations are given and possible directions for new research on the topic under consideration are shown.

The relevance of the work is due to the high social significance of discussing the prospects for the development of creative economy sectors in Russia. In Russian regions, the implementation of pilot brand projects in the cultural sphere has led to a discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of using creative industries. The purpose of the study is to analyze the main factors influencing the performance indicators of creative industries in the implementation of culture-oriented brand projects in the region (using the Perm Territory and neighboring regions as an example). The work sets the tasks of determining the degree of influence of the ideas of foreign scientists on the "creative action" on the conceptual foundations of brand projects developed by teams of Russian authors. Much attention is paid to the analysis of the results of the mega-cultural project in the Perm Territory ("Perm cultural project"). The theoretical basis for the work is fundamental and applied research in the field of regional economics, state and municipal administration. The results of the study show that advanced experience in implementing brand projects allows us to distinguish between the spheres of using creative industries and useful forms of cultural and creative activity. The former are most widely used in the sectors of the experience economy (tourism and hospitality), the latter – in the implementation of territorial branding strategies, including geocultural branding. Understanding this aspect allows modern specialists to competently determine the trends in the development of creative economy sectors in the region.

The article describes the role of the institute of tourism in the consumer society, considering it as a means of solving various social «diagnoses». The author analyzes how tourism can help solve these problems by providing opportunities for personal growth, strengthening family ties, creative self-expression and overcoming dependence on social networks.

The research aims to identify the main directions through which the institute under study can contribute to the modern consumer through its positive functions. The objectives of the study include a description of the state of consumer society, an analysis of the «diagnoses» of society, as well as a description of possible ways to solve the problems under study.

The result of the study is the described model for solving the studied «diagnoses» of consumer society using the tools of the Institute of Tourism. The conducted research highlights the importance of the institute of tourism in modern sociology, having a significant impact on social structures, values and lifestyle of people.

The complication of social processes, external factors aimed at destroying the civil identity of Russian generations, internal processes related to the socio-economic situation in a country that actively resists the "collective West" actualized the study of social actions of Russian generations and inter-communal interaction. The methodology of the research is the sociological nominalism of M. Weber, the structure of social action by T. Parsons with a focus on orientations, motives and values for the typification of social actions. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of social actions of a socio-demographic subgroup of youth, collectively called "generation Z".

The main tasks were to identify the attitude to events in the modern political, social, and economic spheres of Russian society; to cultural norms, values of freedom and justice; individualism and collectivism, patriotism, attitude to family and family values, to problems of ecology and environmental protection; future professional sphere; budget of time, leisure; offline and online interaction; about their future and prospects for the development of Russia.

The significance and effectiveness of the work lies in the fact that a qualitative sociological study was conducted in the format of focus groups among schoolchildren, which allows us to identify not only the proportion of answers according to the proposed parameters, but also to determine the meanings of social actions of generation Z.

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of values of Russian youth. Scientific interest in this problem is associated with the fact that the transformation of Russian society has affected all spheres of human activity, including spirituality. In the public consciousness, some of the old values have received a new interpretation. It is substantiated that such changes in the value picture of the world of young people need to be studied. The theoretical part of the work presents approaches to understanding values from the standpoint of E. Durkheim, M. Weber, M. Rokeach, V. Yadov. The empirical part presents comparative results of the study of the values of Russian youth: 2022 (N = 1592) and 2024 (N = 6543). The scientific novelty of the study is that traditional values for the younger generation remain unchanged. These include family, safety of relatives, health, and family relationships. However, it is important to maintain these traditional values, as well as create conditions for the formation and development of other values, such as the value of volunteering and volunteer activities.

The study of urban identity is becoming particularly relevant today in the context of globalization and urbanization, as well as in the context of the development of centripetal migration. In addition, the level of grassroots activity, the involvement of residents in the development of the urban environment, in urban life, is also determined by the structure of urban identity. The purpose of this work is to describe the features of the urban identity of Nizhny Novgorod residents. The article was written based on the results of a sociological study (expert survey, n = 8, online questionnaire survey of city residents, n = 100), the results of which showed that Nizhny Novgorod residents form two types of identities: urban and neighborhood, which is facilitated by the perception of the city as polycentric, as well as a specific geographical and urban landscape. It has also been revealed that Nizhny Novgorod residents form a certain identity related to their rootedness in the city, but nevertheless residents are more likely to demonstrate only partial involvement in urban spaces. The importance of project processes in the formation and strengthening of urban identity is emphasized, but this remains a controversial issue in the perception of the expert community.

The article is devoted to the issue of studying the role of charisma in social management. Existing studies show the importance of the qualities of a leader's personality for effective management of social groups. At the same time, this phenomenon is systematically considered only using psychological and pedagogical subject approaches, which does not allow theoretically sound use of the full potential of charismatic qualities to solve this problem. The purpose of this study is a theoretical analysis of the systematization of existing scientific views on the socio-psychological phenomenon of charisma in the framework of the sociology of management. The work reveals the mechanisms of social regulation by which charismatic leaders contribute to the development of loyalty and motivation of personnel. The idea is substantiated that the concept of charisma is closely related to the attractive motivation underlying the selective non-fulfillment of social norms by a Russian employee and the adoption of behavior patterns as a model of social action. At the same time, the charisma of the leader is intended to orient individuals toward an ideal model of behavior and overcome the impulsiveness of the managerial influence of the leader by forming a culture of tolerance in the team.

The Metaverse technological system is considered as a social phenomenon, the growth of popularity of which occurred during the maturation of the zoomer generation. Based on a heterodox approach to the mutual influence of social behavior and the development of technological systems, a hypothesis is put forward about additional, non-technological barriers to the implementation of the Metaverse project. These barriers are of a socio-psychological nature and are reflected in its social image, which includes values. A narrative analysis of program documents devoted to the metaverse has been carried out to represent the key values of metamodernism as the most stable concept of global socio-cultural change. Among the transmitted and missing values, problematic ones have been identified, which have the greatest crisis potential in the implementation of the Metaverse project.

The relevance of the study is due to the popularity of rap music in the cultural space of Russian society and the permanent increase in the 21st century of the target audience not only among teenagers and young people, but also due to other age groups. Taking into account the essential characteristics, the axiologemes broadcast by rap music are of research interest due to their heterogeneity and contrast. The purpose of the study is to study the impact of rap music axiologemes on the constitution of life worlds and behavior of young people. The debut album of the Russian rapper Basta "Basta 1" was chosen as the research material. The evolution of the implementation of axiological constructs of rap performers in the Russian socio-cultural space is traced. A substantive analysis of Basta's first album is carried out. Based on the generalization of the results of the available data, the authors identified and interpreted the axiologemes that are presented in the analyzed songs. The scientific novelty of the conducted research is determined by the author's representation of values and their connection with the life worlds and behavior of representatives of various social groups of Russians at the beginning of the 21st century.

The study of the features and methods of applying gamification methods to motivate personnel based on the practices of domestic companies seems relevant, on the one hand, due to the increased interest of managers in the use of non-material methods of motivating personnel, and on the other hand, due to the insufficient study of this topic in domestic science. Thus, in the domestic scientific discourse it was possible to find only a small number of scientific articles), [1–3] the domestic experience of implementing such methods is even less studied. The purpose of the study is to study the features and methods of applying gamification methods to motivate personnel based on the practices of domestic companies. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the study of gamification in the system of personnel motivation methods (the place of gamification in this system is determined), in the comparison of theories of motivation (in particular, theories of labor motivation) and gamification methods, which allows to supplement the doctrine of the personnel motivation system considering modern gamification practices and confirms the scientific significance of the study. The practical significance of the work lies in identifying the most successful domestic gamification practices for motivating employees and the factors of applying such practices, which will allow using information on the identified factors to implement gamification in the personnel management system in different types of enterprises. The main results of the study are as follows: gamification is an effective motivational method from the point of view of different theories of motivation, since various gaming techniques mediate both external and internal motivation; gamification includes various types of incentives, both material and non-material; the most effective factors in the implementation of gamification methods include factors of gaming experience.

The most important criterion for the effectiveness of an educational organization is the growth of target indicators. One of these indicators is the quality of training of students. The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that in the new conditions of the development of modern education, the issues of studying the management of the quality of education based on integral assessments are in demand. The purpose of the article is a statistical analysis of the level of academic performance of students of the Tomsk Agricultural Institute.

The scientific significance of the study lies in the development of an algorithmic approach to monitoring the quality of students' progress based on a multidimensional analysis. The practical role of the work lies in the fact that the materials of observations can be used to assess the effectiveness of an educational organization in the system of higher education, and can also serve as the basis for managing the university and its educational environment.

The article analyzes the work of Russian and foreign researchers on the topic of youth social competence as one of the factors shaping political behavior. The conducted research required the solution of several tasks, including the disclosure of the concept of social competence of the younger generation in modern science, the definition of its importance in political socialization, the assimilation of a system of values, skills necessary to fulfill political roles. The purpose of the study is to study the social competence of the younger generation from the perspective of shaping political behavior. The novelty of this study lies in the presented conclusions that the social competence of the younger generation, including political competence, affects how young people comprehend and participate in political processes. The practical significance of the work is due to the possibility of using the findings in substantiating an adaptive model of political behavior formation.

The author comes to the conclusion that the social competence of the younger generation is one of the important factors in the formation of political activity. It is determined by the access and impact of opportunities, which vary significantly depending on the specific cultural environment. These gaps in opportunities lead to inequalities in political participation throughout life.

The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that the main state exam (MSE) in social studies is currently one of the key subjects for the social and humanitarian profile of education, and new methods and forms of tutoring in this subject are in great demand. The topic of the article is the study of the prospects of a special form of tutoring when teaching online in preparation for the main state exam (MSE): large class, a form of teaching that involves a large number of students studying online simultaneously using the «inverted class» system. The author's purpose is to study the effectiveness of this system in preparation for the MSE in social studies and to find out how promising this method is. The author applies the method of sociological survey, as well as the experience of the participating observation. As the results of the study have shown, such a form of online learning as large classes is a truly effective learning tool and helps to increase the level of knowledge of students.

The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the widespread registration of trademarks as acts of unfair competition in domestic trade and emerging issues in law enforcement practice. In addition, at the time of writing, the possibility of many foreign companies returning to the domestic market creates risks for domestic manufacturers operating on the market in terms of challenging their trademark registration actions.

The purpose of the study is to study individual problems of recognizing trademarks as an act of unfair competition in the context of the judicial practice of domestic courts and current legislation. The objectives of the study are: to analyze the definition of an act of unfair competition, its characteristic features, as well as to analyze the problems of recognizing trademark registration as unfair behavior of business entities.

The scientific significance of the work lies in the legal analysis of the system features of trademark registration. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using the materials obtained to improve the practice of courts in Russia.

Based on the results of the study, the characteristic signs of unfair competition in trademark registration were identified, an analysis of judicial practice was carried out and the criteria that are taken into account by the courts in this category of disputes were identified.

The relevance of the topic is determined by the rapid changes taking place in the healthcare sector of the Russian Federation. Digitalization of the medical and pharmaceutical activities requires a detailed elaboration of the mechanism of legislative regulation of personal data protection at all stages of collection and systematization of big data, which serve as the basis for the creation of digital healthcare services. The purpose and objectives of the study are to identify contradictions in the legislation governing the confidentiality of personal data of all participants in the provision of medical and pharmaceutical care. Scientific understanding of this legal field helps to identify gaps in regulatory frameworks, and on this basis, conclusions are formulated that can contribute to further improvement of legislation in the field of personal data protection.

Dairy farming plays a vital role in ensuring food security and economic well-being in many countries. However, the industry faces a number of challenges, including low profitability, volatile milk prices, and growing competition in the global market. Government support is a prerequisite for ensuring the sustainable development of dairy farming and meeting the growing demand for dairy products. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of dairy cattle breeding in the Republic of Tatarstan and state support for agriculture, as well as to propose ways to improve accounting and reporting on targeted financing at the level of an agricultural organization. The goal predetermined the following tasks: to study the current state of the agricultural sector and targeted financing of dairy cattle breeding, in particular, to analyze the efficiency indicators of dairy cattle production and targeted support in the republic, to assess the effectiveness of state support, to suggest ways to improve the accounting and reporting of targeted financing. The research examines the role of state support in the development of dairy cattle breeding in the Republic of Tatarstan. The various forms of support provided by government agencies, including subsidies, grants, concessional loans, and insurance programs, are being investigated. The significance of the research lies in improving the methodology of accounting and reporting on targeted financing.

The article shows the relationship between the issues of ensuring food security of the penal system and the level of food security in the country. The analysis of the main indicators of ensuring food security of the state is carried out: food independence, security, economic and physical accessibility of food. The main problems of ensuring food security of the penal system in the context of the level of the country's food security are identified. It is shown that the priority direction of strengthening the food security of the penal system is to increase the level of self-sufficiency in food through the development of public-private partnership between the penal system and business. This requires improving the regulatory framework governing new forms of interaction between FSIN institutions and businesses.

Healthcare, being a key sphere of social life of the state, in modern conditions requires the creation of new organizational institutions and, accordingly, their legal consolidation. The purpose and objective of the study is to analyze the existing model of organizing the provision of medical care to minors in general education organizations, its regulatory framework. Scientific understanding of the study forms the need to formulate provisions that can be used in the development of bills on “school medicine”.

Amid global economic transformations and the urgent need for accelerated import substitution, Russia has been paying increasing attention to the development of industrial clusters. The relevance of this topic is driven by the necessity of forming a unified system for managing cluster initiatives, which will enhance their effectiveness, ensure the sustainable development of domestic industry, and expand international cooperation.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the current state of cluster policy in Russia by identifying existing problems and potential prospects in this field. The objectives include examining the conceptual framework and historical evolution of clustering, analyzing state support measures for industrial associations in Russia, identifying key barriers to cluster growth, and exploring opportunities for international collaboration.

The scientific and practical significance of this study lies in characterizing a systematic approach to cluster policy development, which fosters increased cooperation between enterprises, stimulates technological innovation, and enhances mechanisms of state regulation.

The main findings of the research include an analysis of the evolution of cluster policy in Russia since 2015, identification of key legislative and structural changes in recent years, assessment of the effectiveness of government support programs, and an evaluation of the role of intergovernmental cooperation in cluster development.

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A – from English "Mergers and Acquisitions" – the processes of mergers and acquisitions, which are the main formats of corporate transactions) are generally understood to be complex and multifaceted processes that require effective management of all aspects of financial activities, including accounts receivable. The key goal of such associations is to achieve a synergistic effect and increase market share.

In modern conditions of globalization and the growing number of M&A accounts receivable management is a key area of financial management. Incorrect estimates and the actual management of accounts receivable lead to huge financial losses, as well as significant risks for the combined companies. This makes this work relevant from the point of view of effective management of accounts receivable within the framework of M&A to minimize the appearance of risks, as well as financial losses.

The article presents the results of an analysis of various types of mergers and acquisitions (horizontal, vertical, conglomerate) and their impact on the accounts receivable management strategy. The study is based on an analysis of scientific literature, regulatory legal acts, as well as an M&A case study with an emphasis on accounts receivable management.

This article also contains specific objectives for analyzing the methods of managing accounts receivable in the M&A process, as well as substantiating recommendations for managing accounts receivable in M&A, adapted to various types of mergers and acquisitions.

The scientific significance of the work lies in the systematization of knowledge about the impact of accounts receivable on financial results after M&A. Within the framework of practical significance, recommendations have been developed that contribute to the growth of liquidity and financial stability of companies in the integration process.

As a result of the conducted research, reasonable conclusions were drawn that effective management of accounts receivable is possible only with the application of an integrated approach, which focuses on credit risk assessment and integration of accounting and monitoring systems.

The value of the work carried out is due to the proposal of new methodological approaches to the management of accounts receivable in the framework of M&A, which is a platform for further study of this topic.

The relevance of the research topic lies in the fact that tourism is a rapidly developing branch of the non-productive sector of the economy, and one of the tools for the development of tourism in the region is the formation of an intellectual property market. The purpose and objectives are to substantiate the fact that tourism management is necessary, including on the basis of the formation of a regional intellectual property market, which will contribute to the emergence of new tourism products. The value of the conducted research lies in the proposals to increase the economic effect for regional tourism from the use of intellectual property objects. Main results: the factors preventing the introduction, commercial turnover and obtaining an economic effect from the use of intellectual property objects are analyzed. The impact of the development of the intellectual property market on the tourism sector is outlined, and recommendations for its improvement are proposed.

The growing role of franchising as an effective tool for developing entrepreneurship in the context of globalization and increasing competition determines the relevance of considering the legal regulation of franchising relations using the example of Belgian legislation. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the legal regime of franchising relations in Belgium. The purpose of the scientific research determines its tasks: consideration of the legal nature of the franchise agreement and the mechanisms of its regulation; identification of the regulation of the interaction of participants in franchising relations based on the norms of civil and commercial law. The scientific significance of the study is determined in the comprehensive approach to the analysis of the legal regulation of franchising in Belgium, identifying the specifics of the application of individual provisions of the legislation to franchising relations. The work makes the following main conclusions: firstly, franchising relations in Belgium are based on the norms of civil and commercial law, which are subject to significant reform in order to ensure the protection of the interests of the parties. Secondly, the main emphasis in regulation is given to the pre-contractual stage of franchising relations, aimed at establishing transparency of the relationship of its participants. Thirdly, the role in coordinating relations is strengthened by fixing the mechanisms of anti-competitive market practices. The conducted research will allow to establish clarity in compliance with legislative requirements by entrepreneurs, to determine the boundaries of imperative and optional regulation of franchising relations.

The article highlights the current issue of state regulation of tariffs in the field of municipal solid waste management. Tariffs for MSW management services by the Kaliningrad Region State Price and Tariff Regulation Service are calculated and approved in accordance with the requirements of federal legislation and the territorial waste management scheme of the Kaliningrad Region.

The article analyzes the modern Russian stock market. The purpose of the article is to study and analyze the factors influencing the conversion of depository receipts of Russian companies. The article presents the economic essence of depository receipts and their classification. The interrelation of investment decisions and qualifications of individuals and legal entities is shown. The research results obtained are of a practical nature and can be applied in investment, analytical, valuation and portfolio activities related to effective investment in securities and other financial assets.

The article discusses the problem faced by the solid municipal waste management operator Ecoresource Volga during the implementation of the investment project. The problem described in the article concerns all operators of municipal solid waste management in the Russian Federation. The author suggests possible solutions to the problem that require amendments to legislation at the federal level.

This article will focus on the concept of kaizen, an effective tool for step–by-step and continuous improvement of the management process, which has a positive impact on the overall development of the organization. However, the underlying idea can lead to the desired result not only in management, but also beyond it. And our task here is to prove the possibility of using kaizen in a mediation procedure.

The relevance of the topic is related to the importance of the problem of eliminating places of unauthorized disposal of municipal solid waste on state-owned lands, as well as lands where state ownership is not demarcated. At the same time, ensuring the environmentally sound management of production and consumption waste is a strategic goal of the state policy in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation [1].

The purpose of the study was to characterize the trends of judicial practice in cases of disputes on the assignment of responsibilities for the elimination of places of unauthorized disposal of municipal solid waste. The objectives of the study are to identify the specifics of administrative cases in this category; to indicate which normative legal acts regulate relations related to the liquidation of places of unauthorized disposal of municipal solid waste; to analyze the practice of reviewing administrative cases in this category.

The value of the conducted research lies in determining the causes and conditions that contribute to changing judicial practice in courts of general jurisdiction in disputes over the disposal of unauthorized municipal solid waste sites.

In the conditions of rapid digitalization of business, digital footprints are becoming an important tool for comprehensive economic evaluation of companies. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to systematize and analyze digital data that are formed in the process of organizations' activities in the digital environment. Despite their importance, methodological approaches to the study and use of digital footprints remain fragmented, which necessitates an in-depth scientific analysis.

The aim of the study is to determine the role of digital footprints as a tool for assessing the activities of organizations and to develop a classification for their systematization and practical application.

The scientific and practical significance of the work lies in the creation of a theoretical and methodological basis for the systematization and interpretation of digital footprints. The developed classification will allow businesses to use digital data to assess the current state, identify growth points and increase the transparency of processes. Practical application of the results will contribute to effective monitoring of reputation, financial stability and operational performance of companies.

Currently, as an optimal way for the sustainable development of the electric power industry, as part of the implementation of the fourth energy transition, the scientific and practical community is considering the economically feasible modernization of production facilities, taking into account the balance of the factors of the Energy trilemma. The article presents the author's view on the need to apply a complementary path to sustainable development: training high-quality labor resources through fostering a culture of lean thinking and energy-saving behavior among citizens, starting in childhood. The practical experience of implementing the "Lean Holidays" project in an electric power company is presented (using the example of JSC Grid Company, Republic of Tatarstan). As part of the project, a system of educational activities for school-age children and adolescents has been developed based on the application of an integrated approach to the study of lean manufacturing and the concept of ESG management; the use of a game method for studying the processes of technological connection and power supply to consumers; education of creative civil and patriotic behavior of the younger generation.

The article covers issues related to the adopted innovations aimed at improving the procedure for control and supervisory activities (including simplifying the procedure for conducting supervisory activities, involving territorial bodies of the department in supervisory activities) in order to increase the effectiveness of protecting the violated rights of consumers paying for the services of regulated organizations at economically unjustified tariffs.

The purpose of the study is to determine the component structure of the mobile transport and logistics system (TLS) of a smart city. The work used data preprocessing, coding, standardization, machine learning methods and correlations. Today, a rating assessment has been adopted in the world, which classifies the existing TLS as "mobile." The author analyzes mobility in smart cities of the world according to his own developed criterion system for assessing the transformation of a smart city, and also determines the best model that predicts this category. The resulting LGBM Classifier model allows you to determine the main and most important areas that classify modern transport and logic systems as "mobile" for international ratings. In addition, the author defines a new target feature – the standardized congestion of the smart city TLS, reflecting not only the mobility, but also the efficiency of these systems. The new CatBoost Classifier model allows you to solve this classification problem and clarify the component structure of the mobile transport and logistics system of a smart city for their further design.

The formation of a monitoring system to assess the development of communication mechanisms between Moscow's executive authorities and civil society in the transport sector is highly relevant for the development of the capital's road transport sector, since more effective communication between authorities and the public allows for a more objective assessment of the needs of transport users, which contributes to the development of a problem-oriented strategy for the development of the industry and, as a result, improvement the quality of the services provided. The purpose of the article is to determine the stages of development and structure of the monitoring system for a comprehensive assessment of the development of communication mechanisms between Moscow executive authorities and civil society in the transport sector. The topic of the article seems to be quite relevant in modern conditions, especially in the aspect of the need to develop civil society in the Russian Federation and increase the effectiveness of its communication with government authorities. The article presents the results of a study of this issue using the example of a single locality, a city of federal significance, and a specific industry (transport) with which a significant number of specific citizens interact directly and on a daily basis. At the same time, the city of Moscow, as a locality, has specific features in general and in the field of public transport services, in particular. Many solutions are being tested here and then broadcast to other cities in Russia.

The content of the article is determined by the relevance of ensuring public health based on the consumption of environmentally friendly products and the low rate of increase in their production. The aim of the study conducted by the authors is to develop organizational and technological mechanisms for accelerating the development of organic agriculture. In accordance with this, the tasks of determining the reasons for the low rates of this process and developing conceptual approaches to identifying the basic systemic factors of its intensification have been set. As a result, recommendations were developed for multi-level correction of the management system for the development of organic agriculture, ensuring the implementation of government decisions already adopted in this area.