The sanctions restrictions of 2022–2024 significantly altered the conditions of corporate communication for Russian state-owned enterprises (SOEs): the regulatory framework for mandatory disclosure was narrowed, while the blocking of global digital platforms devalued companies' longstanding investments in maintaining their presence on these platforms. The purpose of this article is to analyze the transformation of SOE communication channels with stakeholders and to determine the relationship between regulatory and institutional factors shaping the nature of this interaction. The theoretical framework draws on new institutional economics; the analysis employs a three-level classification of communication channels – imperative (legally mandated), conventional (shaped by professional standards and environmental expectations), and discretionary (established at management's initiative). The article introduces the concept of compensatory transparency – a strategy of substituting reduced imperative disclosure with activity at the conventional and discretionary levels. Based on a comparative analysis of Rosatom and Rostec state corporations over the 2021–2024 period, the study demonstrates that regulatory changes did not lead to a unification of communication practices across the SOE sector but rather intensified the divergence between two models: the resource-oriented model, in which information openness provides access to external resources, and the administrative-directive model, in which public communication is limited to accountability before the state as owner. The choice of model is determined not by the regulatory framework, which is uniform across the sector, but by the stakeholder structure and legitimation transaction costs specific to each corporation.

The relevance of the study is grounded in the necessity of modernizing public administration institutions based on the principles of openness, where fiscal transparency and public participation serve as the basic elements of accountability and good governance. In the Republic of Armenia, data from the 2023 Open Budget Survey (OBS) by the International Budget Partnership revealed a significant gap: a “moderate transparency” score (60 points) is coupled with low public engagement (11 points), reflecting a mismatch between information accessibility and the actual degree of citizen participation.
The research objective is to develop evidence-based recommendations for integrating digital technologies into public administration to ensure budget data completeness and expand citizen involvement in the budget cycle of the Republic of Armenia. The methodology is based on a systems analysis of the Republic’s procedures against IMF, OECD, and GIFT standards, an examination of international best practices, and an empirical analysis of the 2023 Survey data. The scientific novelty lies in adapting international requirements to the Armenian context and justifying interactive digital engagement, based on the integration of public verification procedures into the automated budget process. The results include the identification of functional areas requiring technological modernization and the substantiation of specific solutions, such as the “Open Budget” unified digital ecosystem and remote participatory budgeting platforms. The practical significance lies in the applicability of these measures by executive authorities to improve public financial management and enhance the country’s international ranking.

The growth of domestic tourism in Russia reflects deep shifts in demand structure and spatial development system, which necessitates a comprehensive analysis of factors shaping tourist flow dynamics. The study aims to identify key determinants influencing the development of the tourism industry in the country’s regions, focusing on institutional, infrastructural, digital, and marketing components.
The research details state stimulation mechanisms, analyzes organizational and economic barriers, and evaluates the effectiveness of modern methodological approaches to modeling tourist processes.
The scientific significance lies in developing an integrated analysis system covering behavioral, investment, and regulatory aspects, allowing for precise identification of hidden growth points. The practical value lies in forming strategic planning tools adapted to territorial specifics and current challenges.
As a result, a structured comprehensive assessment methodology has been proposed, applicable to monitoring and forecasting tourist activity under conditions of limited resources and institutional transformation. The research novelty is expressed in combining interdisciplinary analytical blocks into a unified evaluation framework applicable for managing the sustainability and competitiveness of tourist territories.

Currently, multi-voting shares represent a relatively new instrument for financing the activities of international companies in the Russian financial market, which necessitates the development of risk management tools that investors face when choosing such companies as an investment object. The purpose of the study is to develop a set of covenant conditions to increase the predictability of the actions of owners of multi-voting shares and reduce information asymmetry in the financial market.
The scientific novelty of the work consists in creating a universal covenant complex, divided into three groups and can be used in different variations, which makes it possible to define it as a universal auxiliary tool for developing a company's financial strategy. The practical application of the complex should contribute to long-term investments in companies' equity, reduce stock price volatility, and increase confidence in companies funded through multi-voting shares.

The relevance of this study is driven by the rapid development of marketplaces in Russia, which accounted for 81 % of the e-commerce market in 2024. The significant growth of online shopping (approximately 70 % of the population) and its impact on the labor market, particularly on the selfemployment segment, requires detailed study.
The aim of the study is to identify and empirically prove the relationship between the development of marketplaces and the growth of the self-employed in Russian regions.
The scientific significance of the study lies in the development of a methodology for quantitatively assessing the impact of e-commerce on the labor market. This study expands our understanding of the transformation of regional labor markets in the context of economic digitalization.
The practical significance lies in the potential use of the results by government agencies in developing regional development strategies, regulating the trade sector, and formulating self-employment support measures.
The main findings of the study include: a 1 % increase in the share of online shoppers leads to a 2.4 % increase in self-employment in the region; The impact of economic growth was identified: a 1 % increase in GRP contributes to a 1.73 % increase in self-employment; the significant impact of digitalization on self-employment development was demonstrated.
The study demonstrated the need for a comprehensive approach to marketplace development, including support for the digital transformation of regions, the development of logistics infrastructure, and the elimination of territorial disparities.

The relevance of the study is associated with the need to overcome problems in the electric power industry (EPI) in the form of equipment depreciation, insufficient implementation and financing of innovations, low qualification of personnel, which requires long-term renewal of the industry. Insufficient harmonization of priorities and indicators in the strategies for innovative development of EPI at the state, industry, and corporate levels has been revealed. The goal is to propose a methodology for forming a strategy for innovative development of EPI; objectives: to identify prospects and indicators for innovative development of EPI in strategic documents of various levels and scientific research, to develop an iterativeintegrative methodology for long-term development of EPI. The methodology includes the procedure for developing strategies for the state, industry, and corporate levels, their mutual coordination through iterative interactions of organizations as part of integrators (clusters, technology platforms, network associations). The developed methodology, which harmonizes the strategies for innovative development of EPI at various levels, has scientific novelty and develops methods for determining the directions of innovation activities. The practical significance lies in the applicability of the development in the activities of government agencies, educational, research and other organizations, as well as consumers of innovations involved in the development of a strategy for the innovative development of EPI.

The article explores alternative strategies for implementing central bank digital currencies (CBDC) using the example of the Chinese digital yuan (e-CNY)  and digital euro projects. The relevance of the work is due to the growing transformation of the global financial architecture and the competition between digital payment models. The aim of the study is a  comparison of architectural and institutional solutions in the PRC and EU projects to determine their impact on the prospects for international integration. Unlike standard descriptive approaches, this work analyzes the  institutional logic of «control-priority» and «coordination-priority» models, identifying structural  compromises between implementation speed, user rights protection, and potential for international  influence. The scientific novelty lies in the analysis of projects as of the end of 2025 through the prism of  risks of fragmentation of the global payment system. As a result, fundamental differences between the projects in the mechanisms for ensuring privacy and access to cross-border transactions are identified.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the current state of inter-budgetary relations between the federal center and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as to define the role of the Treasury of Russia in the execution of budgets at all levels and in ensuring the economic security of the regions. The author demonstrates the high efficiency of treasury budget execution and examines current options for financial interaction between budget process participants. The Federal Treasury and its regional offices act as the primary coordinator and controller of the execution stage, serving as a transactional, control-accounting, analytical, and information system for the financial activities of public-law entities. Furthermore, the paper substantiates the positive impact of treasury budget execution on harmonizing the interests of all stakeholders and promoting the socio-economic development of regions. By centralizing budget liquidity, this approach enables the generation of additional financial resources and the provision of treasury loans, thus serving as an effective tool for public finance management.
To achieve the research objectives, systemic and evidence-based approaches were employed, alongsidemethods of retrospective, functional, and comparative analysis, synthesis, deduction, and induction.
The novelty of the research lies in the analysis of relations between the federal center and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation emerging during the execution of budgets at all levels. The study determines the extent and forms of the Federal Treasury's impact on regional economic security and socio-economic development, thereby expanding the theoretical framework of research in this field.
The practical value of the work is reflected in the formulation of specific recommendations for Russian state authorities and management bodies aimed at improving the efficiency of budget execution and refining inter-budgetary relations. Additionally, the study suggests expanding the functions of the Federal Treasury's regional offices to enhance the transparency and effectiveness of the budget process.

During the period of transformation of economic processes, rapid development of digitalization and budget deficit, the country needs to find new independent internal sources of income at the level of regional and local budgets to maintain economic stability.
The article aims to substantiate the possibility in the digital economy of strengthening the subjectivity of local governments in managing socio-economic processes by adapting at the municipal level the mechanism for allocating temporarily available budget funds as a source of non-tax revenues, developed and tested at the level of government agencies by the Federal Treasury, as a tool of budgetary policy of municipal governments aimed at stimulating current sources of budget revenues.
The scientific significance of the article lies in identifying and substantiating the digital gap between the current mechanisms of municipal government budget policy and modern opportunities in the application of big data technology, algorithmic models and solutions based on artificial intelligence.
The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that it explores the possibility of applying digitalized approaches to the implementation of a mechanism for allocating temporarily free budget funds at the municipal level of government in order to increase the sustainability and development of the budget policy of local budgets.

The relevance of the research is due to the accelerated digitalization of the public sector and the transition of the world's leading cities to integrated smart city systems, which causes a fundamental transformation of the foundations of municipal government and requires a theoretical understanding of the ongoing paradigmatic shifts.
The aim of the work is to identify and substantiate successive transformations of municipal management paradigms under the influence of end-to-end digital technologies and the logic of smart cities, as well as to formulate a new conceptual model reflecting the current stage of development.
To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: critical analysis of the evolution of classical and modern theories of public administration; establishment of limitations on the use of New Public Management models in smart cities; identification of features of Digital-Era Governance at the municipal level; development of the author's concept of "municipal platformism" as the next paradigm.
The scientific novelty of the article consists in substantiating and introducing into scientific circulation the concept of municipal platformism as the fourth paradigm of the evolution of municipal government, consistently overcoming the limitations of NSU (excessive fragmentation and market competition) and UCE (state-centric logic and insufficient polycentricity).
For the first time, it is shown that it is the municipal level that acts as a "laboratory" for the formation of post-NGU and post-UCE models due to the high concentration of data, direct feedback from residents, and the need to coordinate many interconnected urban subsystems.
The results obtained complement existing theories of public administration and research on urban platformization, offering a holistic framework for analyzing current changes.
The main result of the work was the proof that smart cities are the driver of the transition from a market-oriented NPM model to a platform-based management model, where the key is not provider competition, but real-time managed collaboration, proactivity and maximizing the public value of data.
Its practical significance lies in the fact that it was developed during the design of new-generation urban digital platforms, the formation of smart city strategies and the transition from reactive to predictive and collaborative management. The model of municipal platformism makes it possible to justify the priority of investments not in individual digital services, but in the creation of an open multilateral infrastructure for the joint production of urban value, which is especially important for Russian municipalities in conditions of limited budgetary resources and the need to meet the targets of national projects.

In the context of digital transformation, one of the key elements of the management cycle is the assessment of the effectiveness of executive authorities. To date, the institutional and technological design of measuring indicators in many areas has a retrospective character, which limits subsequent managerial applicability, especially in the context of a developed digital infrastructure, interdepartmental exchange and large-scale arrays of transactional data.
The article aims to analyze the system for evaluating the effectiveness of executive authorities, identify the problem of inconsistency between the current system and the country's technological capabilities, and modernize it as an integral part of the digital transformation of public administration based on the GOSTECH platform as the main platform for developing future information systems in Russia.
The scientific significance of the article lies in identifying and substantiating the technological gap between the current system for evaluating the effectiveness of executive authorities and modern capabilities in the application of big data technology.
The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the possibility of using the proposed model to modernize the current performance assessment system has been investigated without changing the approved methods for calculating indicators, but with a significant increase in the controllability and accuracy of solutions.

This article examines the formation and development of young professionals' organizational commitment to government work. The study focuses on developing theoretical and methodological foundations for managing this process.
The objective of the study is to substantiate a theorem for developing young professionals' organizational commitment based on a systems analysis of factors, mechanisms, and methods for incorporating them into the HR management system.
The research methodology includes general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, and deduction, as well as specialized sociological research methods.
The main results of the study showed that young professionals' organizational commitment develops as a dynamic system under the influence of interrelated factors. It has been demonstrated that sustainable growth in commitment is possible when the conditions of conceptual clarity of civil service goals, systematic consideration of factors in HR policy, and regular empirical assessment are simultaneously met. A theorem for the development of organizational commitment in young professionals is formulated.
The practical significance of this study lies in the potential use of the obtained results to improve the HR management system in government agencies.

The article provides a systematic analysis of the evolution of conceptual approaches to public administration of catering enterprises in the Russian Federation. The catering industry is considered as a complex, multidimensional management object with high economic potential. Using the methods of institutional, comparative and system analysis, the key stages of the transformation of the management paradigm have been identified: from the directive-planning model through the dominance of the control and permissive approach to the formation of modern concepts integrating "smart" regulation, stimulating innovations that can be applied in the mechanism of public administration, integrating elements of publicprivate partnership. The existing limitations of these approaches contribute to the need to form a public administration concept adapted to macroeconomic and market changes. A set of interrelated priorities of state policy has been formulated aimed at regulatory modernization, digitalization of supervision, stimulating investment, ensuring social accessibility of services and developing institutions for dialogue between government, business and society.

This study stems from the urgent necessity to increase the effectiveness of state regulation of tourism as a strategic sector during the economic recovery period. The purpose of the study is to identify systemic strategic problems within the legal framework governing the expansion of Russia’s tourism and recreation sector. The scientific novelty lies in a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the methodological gap between the declared approaches to management and real practice with specific shortcomings of legal regulation. As a result, key problems were identified: lack of unification of the conceptual framework, insufficient assessment of the effectiveness of strategy implementation, inconsistency of target indicators and underestimation of environmental aspects. System solutions are proposed, including the hierarchy of the conceptual apparatus of the tourism sector in regulatory legal acts and the principles of harmonization of the target indicators system. Results obtained can be integrated into the development of state-level tourism strategies and the modernization of the regulatory environment for recreation and tourism.

The restoration and modernization of infrastructure in the reunified subjects of the Russian Federation require capital investments that significantly exceed budgetary capacities, which makes it necessary to actively attract private capital to territorial development. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the conditions and develop recommendations for the use of public-private partnership as an instrument for the integrated development of the territories of the new regions. The study addresses the tasks of systematizing the theoretical and legal foundations of the interaction between the mechanisms of publicprivate partnership and integrated territorial development, analyzing the institutional environment of the reunified subjects, and identifying key barriers to private sector participation. It is shown that the agreement on integrated territorial development and public-private partnership agreements possess functional commonality, which makes it possible to integrate partnership mechanisms into urban development projects; however, the current regulatory framework does not ensure their conflict-free combination. Specific constraints of the new regions are identified - the incompleteness of cadastral registration, legal uncertainty with respect to certain infrastructure facilities, and a deficit of managerial competencies - which amplify investment risks. A set of measures is proposed to establish guarantee and insurance support for investors, create regional centers of competence, and incorporate PPP projects into the system of strategic and spatial planning. The scientific novelty lies in examining the application of PPP in the context of integrated development of post-conflict territories with a transitional legal regime, while the practical significance is determined by the possibility of using the proposed recommendations by public authorities of the new subjects in the preparation and implementation of infrastructure projects.

The development of theoretical and methodological foundations of public administration audit is becoming particularly relevant in the context of the state policy’s focus on achieving national goals. The aim of this work is to propose an approach to goal-setting in public administration audit, based on an analysis of theoretical approaches to defining the quality, efficiency, and effectiveness of public administration. The study employed general methods of scientific inquiry, including both empirical and theoretical research methods. In particular, a bibliometric analysis was used to evaluate publications indexed in eLIBRARY.RU. As a result of the research, an approach to goal-setting in public administration audit was developed. It is based on identifying levels according to the criterion of semantic focus and depth of analysis of managerial activities. This contributes to the advancement of scientific knowledge in the following areas: development of theoretical foundations of public administration and public audit, clarification of the conceptual framework, examination of the quality, efficiency, and effectiveness of public administration from the perspective of goal-setting in public audit.

The need to increase the incomes of the population and reduce poverty in the Russian Federation is defined at the strategic level within the framework of national development goals. Significant budgetary funds have been allocated to achieve the relevant targets, the requirement for the effective use of which actualizes research work to identify areas for the transformation of budget expenditure management for social assistance. The purpose of this study is to clarify the content of budget expenditure management for social assistance, considering the factors influencing it. The theoretical significance of the work consists in describing the characteristics of environmental factors affecting budget expenditure management, considering the industry specifics of social assistance. The practical significance of the study lies in the application of the developed factors for the empirical analysis of a specific instrument of social assistance – the social contract, which made it possible to formulate directions for further transformation of the management of related costs. The results of the study may be of interest to public authorities engaged in financial management in the social sphere.

The relevance of the work is due to the need to identify and comprehensively analyze the main reasons for the currently observed slowdown in the growth rate of Russia’s economy, which increase the risks of its transition to a sustainable fragmentary development model and the onset of recession. The purpose of the study is to conduct a retrospective analysis of the development process of the modern Russian economy, identify and classify the determining factors that define the dynamics and prospects for national GDP growth, as well as develop a set of systemic measures to ensure the achievement of declared national development goals.
The paper proves the initial structural limitations of the existing economic model, formed under the significant influence of the globalist concept of the world order and not fully meeting the national interests of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the authors substantiate the thesis about the need to abandon externally imposed development paradigms and transition to a form of economic activity based on its own socio-economic potential, which allows maintaining economic stability and minimizing the costs of high turbulence in the geo-economic environment.
The scientific novelty of the research lies in the analysis of indicators of Russian GDP growth dynamics, identification and classification of current determining factors hindering economic development, and development of a strategy to counter potential threats arising from a highly turbulent operating environment, which will contribute to the theoretical and methodological base of scientific research in this field.
The practical significance of the work lies in providing public authorities and Russian economic entities with the opportunity, based on the obtained analytical data and developed recommendations, to adjust existing programs and update development strategies in order to enhance their competitiveness and economic security.

This article argues that traditional family values in contemporary Russia, despite a certain conservative turn in legal policy, are increasingly losing their significance. It attempts to identify the underlying causes of these processes and the role of law in them. Drawing on a managerial approach to legal policy, the study aims to identify the psychological mechanisms underlying the erosion of traditional family values in Russia within the context of contemporary legal policy.
The scientific novelty of this study, undertaken at the intersection of law and psychology, lies in its detailed description of the changes occurring in the psyche of post-Soviet generations under the dominance of a liberal consumerist agenda in legal policy. It emphasizes that the gradual erosion of traditional family values is not a random occurrence, but the result of deliberate managerial influence on people's subconscious. At the same time, it notes the emergence and strengthening of a new, alternative agenda in Russian legal policy designed to counter this influence. It is proved that in order to solve the problems described in the article, legal policy lacks a clear ideological and target setting (image of the future), on the basis of which it will be possible to carry out a more comprehensive and effective “filtering” of the information environment of society by legal means (primarily in the sphere of art), which is the practical significance of the study.

The relevance of the research is due to the increasing role of criminal law environmental protection in modern conditions. Despite the Russian Constitution enshrining the right of citizens to a favorable environment and the obligation to preserve it (Article 58), Russia retains a fairly high level of environmental crimes, which requires improving the mechanisms of legal protection of the natural environment.
The purpose of the study is to increase the effectiveness of legal regulation of environmental protection by improving criminal legislation and its application. To achieve this goal, the tasks of developing an author's definition of the natural environment, revealing its structure and analyzing the interaction of various components were solved. The scientific and practical significance of the work lies in the development of a theoretical framework and an optimal model for regulating criminal law environmental protection. Specific measures have been proposed to improve criminal legislation in the field of environmental crimes, including criminalization of individual acts and differentiation of criminal liability. The conclusions of the study indicate the need for an integrated approach to environmental protection, including improving the regulatory framework, strengthening responsibility for environmental crimes and improving the effectiveness of prevention mechanisms. The recommendations proposed by the author can be used in improving criminal legislation and in law enforcement practice.

The relevance of the study is determined by the growing significance of healthcare as a socially vital sphere where constitutionally protected individual rights intersect with public interests of society and the state. The increasing complexity of regulatory mechanisms governing medical activities, along with the expansion of public oversight and imperative legal regulation, necessitates a theoretical reconsideration of public-law interest as a fundamental category of medical legal relations.
The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of public-law interest in medical legal relations and to develop a coherent doctrinal approach to its content. To achieve this purpose, the study addresses the analysis of scholarly concepts of public interest, the differentiation between public and private interests in healthcare, and the identification of legal forms and mechanisms through which public-law interest is implemented in medical activity.
The scientific significance of the research lies in clarifying the theoretical and legal status of publiclaw interest within the system of medical legal relations and substantiating its system-forming role in public healthcare regulation. The practical significance of the study consists in the possibility of applying its findings in legislative development in the field of public health protection and in the law-enforcement activities of public authorities.
The research demonstrates that public-law interest in medical legal relations constitutes a legally institutionalized set of socially significant needs aimed at ensuring public health protection, accessibility and quality of medical care, as well as sanitary and epidemiological safety. It is concluded that this interest is primarily realized through imperative methods of public law and serves as an integrative factor coordinating the interests of patients, medical professionals, and the state.
The scientific novelty of the study lies in the formulation of an original doctrinal interpretation of public-law interest as an independent legal category of medical law, enabling a renewed understanding of the balance between public and private principles in the regulation of medical legal relations.

Anti-corruption issues remain highly relevant for the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in the context of persistently low levels of public governance effectiveness and the continuing fragmentation of national legal systems. Under these conditions, the development of CIS model legislation acquires particular importance as an instrument for harmonizing legal approaches and implementing universal international anti-corruption standards. The purpose of this study is to substantiate that CIS model legislation in the field of combating corruption constitutes an independent and consistently evolving regional legal mechanism for the implementation of the international obligations of the member states. To achieve this purpose, the article addresses the tasks of analyzing the stages of development of model anti-corruption acts, the transformation of their conceptual framework, and the institutionalization of preventive mechanisms.
The scientific significance of the study lies in the formation of a comprehensive understanding of CIS model legislation as a specific form of regional legal regulation that combines elements of international and domestic law. The practical significance consists in the possibility of using the obtained conclusions to improve national anti-corruption legislation and to develop new CIS model acts. As a result of the analysis, it is established that the evolution of model legislation is characterized by a transition from a predominantly punitive paradigm to a comprehensive preventive system that includes anti-corruption expertise, monitoring, and coordination of state policy. It is demonstrated that this transformation has strengthened the link between model acts and international anti-corruption conventions and has contributed to the unification of legal approaches among the CIS member states. The scientific novelty of the research lies in substantiating the concept of CIS model legislation as a functionally differentiated regional mechanism for the implementation of international legal norms on combating corruption, which goes beyond traditional recommendatory law-making and forms its own institutional and legal system.

In the context of constantly increasing information threats, there is an increasing need to understand the essence of cybersecurity and information security. A number of terminological problems related to the interpretation of the concepts of «cybersecurity», «information security» and other similar concepts have accumulated in international acts, legislation of a number of States and scientific doctrine.
The purpose of the scientific research is to identify and analyze the basic concepts of understanding cybersecurity and information security.
The results of the article can be useful for research, educational and practical purposes. The value of the work lies in expanding the knowledge of researchers and practitioners about the nature of cybersecurity and information security.
As part of the study of the legal nature of the terms under consideration, a distinction is made and a position regarding their application is substantiated. The existence of two contradictory concepts of understanding cybersecurity and information security is confirmed.

This research is devoted to analyzing the legal limits of state intervention in the sphere of foreign investments made in strategically important segments of the Russian economy. The relevance of the work is due to the increasing complexity of the legal regime for admitting foreign capital under conditions of strengthened national security requirements, technological sovereignty, and economic stability, which exacerbates the problem of proportionality between public law restrictions and the need to maintain the predictability of investment turnover. The aim of the study is to identify and theoretically substantiate the legal boundaries of state control over foreign investments in strategic sectors, taking into account current legislation and established law enforcement practice. To achieve this goal, the work addresses the tasks of analyzing the normative structure of special investment control, identifying criteria for strategic importance and legal control, and evaluating procedural mechanisms for approval and the consequences of their violation.
The scientific significance of the research lies in clarifying the conceptual and functional characteristics of state control as a special legal regime that combines licensing, supervisory, and sanctioning elements, as well as in revealing the relationship between the substantive and procedural boundaries of permissible state intervention in investment and corporate relations. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using the formulated conclusions in the legal examination of transactions with foreign participation, developing regulatory compliance models for strategic business entities, and preparing legal positions in administrative and judicial approval procedures.
The main results of the study are the identification of the multi-level nature of the legal boundaries of state control, due to the simultaneous operation of investment and counter-sanction regulations, and the substantiation of the key role of the principles of legal certainty and proportionality in the application of restrictive measures. The work concludes that the stability of the legal control regime is achieved not through the expansion of prohibitive mechanisms, but through the institutional strengthening of procedural guarantees and a clear differentiation of special and general legal consequences. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the comprehensive understanding of state control over foreign investments as a dynamic system of legal restrictions and guarantees, in which the limits of intervention are formed at the intersection of substantive legal criteria, procedural standards, and the practice of their judicial evaluation.

The study of the goals of the legal process is of particular importance in modern conditions. This is due to several important factors.
First of all, there are inaccuracies and gaps in the formulation of goals in the procedural legislation, which creates difficulties in their practical implementation both in law enforcement and law-making activities. The situation is complicated by the fact that law enforcement and law-making bodies often demonstrate a formal approach to norms and goals, which is associated with their high workload.
The second significant aspect is related to the lack of a common understanding of the essence of the purpose of activity in the humanities — philosophy, sociology, psychology, political science and economics. This makes it difficult to form a holistic view of the legal nature of the goals of procedural activity.
The third factor is due to different approaches to the definition of the legal process — universal and narrow. Depending on the chosen approach, the goals and objectives of the legal process are interpreted in different ways.
The purpose of this study is to form a general theoretical understanding of the legal nature of the goals of the legal process.
To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: identify the essence and features of the legal process; to identify the specifics of the purpose of the law-making process; determine the specifics of the purpose of the law enforcement process; to reveal the legal nature of the objectives of the legal process as a whole.
The practical significance of the research lies in the fact that its results can be used in several directions: in scientific activity when studying the issues of the essence and nature of the legal process; in the educational process during the training of legal personnel; in law-making activities while improving procedural legislation; in law enforcement practice in the implementation of procedural rules.
As a result of the research, the legal process is considered through the prism of a universal approach as a strictly procedural, stage-based, intellectual and volitional professional activity of subjects defined by procedural legislation.
Depending on the composition of the participants, there are two main types of legal process: A law-making process aimed at creating legal norms; A law enforcement process aimed at ensuring the implementation of substantive law.
The results obtained contribute to a deeper understanding of the nature of the legal process and its goals, which is essential for the development of legal theory and the improvement of law enforcement practice

Civil liability in case of violation of a contract is one of the key and at the same time controversial theoretical and legal issues of the modern science of civil law of any state. This article attempts to understand the theoretical and practical aspects of contract violations in German civil law. The purpose of the work is to study such a legal phenomenon as protective duties that arise when concluding a contract. This study provides material for analysis from the point of view of theory and law enforcement practice, including from the perspective of improving domestic legislation. Violation of the contract in Germany means not only the lack of proper provision for the obligation, but is also characterized by an intrusion into the personal property sphere of one of the counterparties. Causing harm in the performance of a contract in German civil law is qualified as non-compliance with special protective duties, requiring the application of appropriate rules on liability for breach of contract. In Germany, liability for violation of protective duties is caused by failure to pay due attention to the inviolability of the material or intangible benefits of the counterparty to the contract. The paper determines that there is no similar legal regulation in Russia and substantiates the effectiveness of the domestic approach – the qualification of such relations as non-contractual harm.

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the construction of abuse of law in family legal relations in the context of comparative legal comparison with civil law doctrine. The author investigates the specificity of the manifestation of this phenomenon in various types of family ties, paying special attention to relations between spouses and parents-children. Based on the analysis of modern judicial practice and doctrinal approaches, the criteria for qualifying behavior as an abuse of law are identified, the legal consequences of such behavior and problems of protecting the rights of the most vulnerable participants in family relations - minor children - are considered. The theoretical significance of the research lies in the systematization of knowledge about the limits of the exercise of family rights, the practical significance - in formulating proposals for improving mechanisms of protection against abuses in the family sphere.

This paper examines the problematic issues of bringing persons to criminal responsibility for crimes with administrative prejudice. The research is aimed at forming a unified concept of criteria for criminalization of acts preceded by an administrative offense, as well as at developing a unified approach to the legislative formulation of relevant provisions. The objectives of the study include: analysis of the possibility of applying provisions on the insignificance of an act to crimes with administrative prejudice; research of legislative relations between norms and institutions of criminal, administrative and criminal procedure law; assessment of the need to verify the legality of a decision in an administrative case when initiating and investigating a criminal case with an administrative prejudice.
The relevance of the study is due to the identified gaps in legislation and law enforcement practice, which determines its scientific and practical significance. The main conclusions are to develop proposals for improving the current legislation of the Russian Federation. The practical significance of the study lies in the potential increase in the effectiveness of criminal prosecution for crimes with administrative prejudice.

The modern information society dictates the need for an adequate response to its challenges from the state apparatus, including through the creation of a reliable mechanism to ensure the implementation of its functions in the electronic environment. In this regard, the creation of a regulatory framework for conducting electronic criminal proceedings is imperative.
The author of this article, guided by the goal of formulating unified rules for working with electronic information in criminal proceedings to ensure its procedural significance and legal force, consistently addressed the tasks of studying the content of the concept of information technology as applied to criminal proceedings, possible types of work with electronic information, and also developed specific proposals for creating a regulatory framework for such activities by incorporating them into the current legal model of criminal proceedings. This is due to the fact that, according to the author, the electronic form of criminal proceedings does not replace the established traditional models, but only complements them by offering new elements.
In developing proposals within the framework of this article, the author used the universal dialectical method, as well as formal-legal, comparative-legal methods and modeling techniques, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis.
The value of the conducted research lies in the possibility of using its results in the preparation of draft laws on the introduction of information technologies into criminal proceedings.

The relevance of the study is due to the lack of a reliable legal mechanism ensuring the inevitability of criminal liability for convicted persons who are not in custody and who evade serving their prison sentences. The inadequacy of existing legal norms creates conditions for impunity, which negatively affects public confidence in the justice system and undermines the foundations of the rule of law.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of criminal legislation and law enforcement practice in the area of bringing convicted persons who are not in custody to criminal responsibility, as well as to develop proposals for eliminating existing gaps and creating a reliable legal mechanism to effectively counteract such unlawful actions by convicted persons. The scientific and practical significance of the work lies in the author's proposal to introduce a special provision into the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, providing for criminal liability for convicted persons who are not in custody for evading imprisonment. This measure is aimed at strengthening the principle of the inevitability of punishment, increasing the effectiveness of the enforcement of court decisions, restoring the authority of justice, and strengthening the role of the state mechanism for enforcing compliance with the law, which will contribute to strengthening the rule of law and law and order in the state.
The findings of the study indicate the need to amend the legislation of the Russian Federation to establish criminal liability for convicted persons who are not in custody for evading imprisonment. An analysis of judicial practice clearly illustrates the existence of a significant number of cases of such evasion by convicts, which underscores the extreme relevance and importance of the proposed legislative initiative.
The measures proposed by the author are aimed at establishing criminal liability for convicted persons who are not in custody evading imprisonment, with a view to improving the effectiveness of justice and strengthening the principle of the inevitability of punishment.

This article examines the institution of retention law, which arose quite early in Roman law and is known to almost all modern legal systems belonging to the continental legal family. The right of retention (ius retention) could be exercised in the performance of loan or pledge agreements, as well as in the event of a tort obligation. When writing, the authors relied primarily on the Corpus Iuris Civilis (Code of Civil Law), and, in particular, on the Digests of Justinian.
The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the institution of retention law in Roman private law based on primary sources, identifying its conceptual foundations, conditions of application and functional varieties. The objectives of the study are as follows: to reveal the content of the right of retention through the prism of legal thought reflected in the Digests of Justinian, to trace the evolution of this institution.
It was revealed that despite the fragmentary nature of the sources and the absence of a separate title in the Digests dedicated to this institution, we can rightfully say that there is a fully formed and developed institution of retention law in Roman private law.
The analysis of the right of retention in Roman private law provides a historical key for understanding and critically evaluating a similar institution in modern Russian civil law.

The problem of judicial lawmaking should be addressed based on empirical data and the differentiation of judicial legal positions. The latter play a specific role in the legal regulation of relations, which requires a balanced analysis without wishful thinking. The purpose of this article is to develop a hypothetical scientific model for distinguishing between novelty in legal regulation and legal interpretation in judicial legal positions. The authors address such tasks as classifying legal positions by degree of significance, analyzing the legal means of a legal norm for their interpretation by courts to define the boundaries of regulatory novelty, and differentiating the legal positions of courts in connection with overcoming legal gaps. The special role of the superpositions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, which should be applied systematically to many cases, is noted. With regard to mixed legal positions, the inadmissibility of formulating new legal means in a judicial act is noted. The authors outline options for the interpretation and application of the law depending on such recognition or non-recognition, accompanied by the identification of the constitutional meaning of legal norms.

Today, classical legal mechanisms for the compulsory collection of debts, liquidation, and bankruptcy (insolvency) are often inapplicable or ineffective in situations where a debtor legal entity is deliberately brought to a state of actual inability to meet its obligations by its controllers. Subsequently, it is administratively excluded from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities (USRLE) as inactive, leaving creditors with unsatisfied claims. The legislator’s adequate response to this challenge was the formation and development of an independent and powerful legal institution of extrajudicial subsidiary liability of controlling persons in the Russian legal system.
The purpose of this article is to form a holistic understanding of the institution of extrajudicial subsidiary liability of controlling persons in its entirety: from doctrinal foundations to the intricacies of law enforcement. To achieve this goal, the paper addresses several scientific and practical tasks: to analyze the genesis and evolution of the institution of subsidiary liability of controlling persons in the Russian legal system; to examine the current legal grounds and conditions for bringing to extrajudicial subsidiary liability; to study the legal positions and conclusions presented in the Review of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of 2025; to identify problems and conflicts remaining in the law enforcement activities of arbitration courts.
The practical value of the work lies in the comprehensive and systematic study of the latest trends in judicial practice, which found their concentrated reflection in the Review of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated November 19, 2025, which is a policy document aimed at ensuring the унификация of judicial approaches throughout the country. The article formulates a set of proposals aimed at improving the current legislation and optimizing judicial procedures.
In the course of the work, methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, systemic and structural-functional approaches were widely used, allowing to consider the institution of extrajudicial subsidiary liability as a complex, dynamic system.

The main research problem posed in the article is the assessment of the state of the bailiff's financial support system in the Russian Empire, which is relevant in the context of the modernization of the modern institution of enforcement proceedings. The purpose of the article is to study the system of encouragement of bailiffs of the Russian Empire for its possible implementation in the modern institution of enforcement proceedings.
To achieve the purpose of the study, the following tasks were set: to study the structure of the bailiffs' financial support, to reveal the procedure for registration and distribution of remuneration among bailiffs, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of the incentive system formed.
Enforcement proceedings play an important role in the system of civil, arbitration and administrative proceedings. One of the aspects of the effectiveness of this institute is the interest of personnel in diligent performance of their duties. The author shows that the system of encouraging bailiffs in pre-revolutionary Russia was a complex mechanism in which the bailiff's income largely depended on how effectively he performed the tasks assigned to him.
In this context, the author suggests that the implementation of the mechanism for encouraging bailiffs of the Russian Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the system of enforcement of court decisions in modern Russia can increase the efficiency of the institution of enforcement proceedings.

This article compares two dominant methodological approaches in legal disciplines (sociological and praxeological). The authors therefore identify similarities and differences in theoretical understandings of legal liability. As a result, the article concludes that the sociology of law has clearly defined ideological and value-based aspects. However, legal praxeology is dominated by technological and managerial theories. Formal-logical and analytical methods became the defining methods of scientific research. Certain specific scientific methods (legal positivism, legal praxeology, and legal instrumentalism) were also employed. Together, these methods helped the authors identify the fundamental differences between the sociological and praxeological understandings of legal liability. The main conclusion is that Russian legal scholars tend to unjustifiably combine these methodological approaches. This often leads to flaws in legal understanding.

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the objective-subjective process of constitutionalizing sectoral legislation, the enforcement of which the legislator assigns to the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. The aim of the study is to substantiate the significance of constitutionalization within the subsystem of constitutional jurisdiction. The scientific and practical significance of the work lies in the fact that, based on the interpretative practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation formed during the review of the constitutionality of land legislation, a universal structure of the judicial mechanism of constitutionalization is identified. The result of the study is the definition of the main elements of the judicial mechanism of constitutionalization applicable to the field of land legislation, as well as the conditions for its proper functioning.

The relevance of the article is due to the active introduction of digital technologies into the criminal process, which sets the task of ensuring the accessibility of justice and preserving its humanistic values in the context of digitalization. The study is devoted to the study of the impact of digitalization on the accessibility of justice in the criminal process. Particular attention is paid to maintaining a balance between the use of digital technologies and respect for the basic values of criminal justice. The criminal process is characterized by social conditioning and humanism, which is expressed in ensuring the accessibility of justice, which is especially important in the context of technological innovation. The author concludes that the introduction of digital technologies has both positive effects and causes additional problems, such as digital inequality. To effectively address the issues of accessibility of justice, it is necessary to: develop electronic document management; automate the processing of crime reports; support for users experiencing difficulties using digital technologies. Digital transformation requires an integrated approach combining the development of new technologies and the preservation of guarantees of citizens' rights.
The conducted research enriches the scientific literature on the criminal process and the digitalization of justice, identifying key factors affecting the accessibility of justice in the context of the intensive introduction of digital technologies. The presented conclusions help to better understand how digitalization affects the realization of citizens' rights, thereby providing a scientific basis for further development of the theory and practice of judicial proceedings. The author's proposals are aimed at improving the accessibility of justice and propose specific measures aimed at improving the criminal process. Among them are the development of electronic document management, automation of crime reporting, and support for users who face difficulties using digital technologies. The practical implementation of these proposals can contribute to increasing the efficiency and openness of the judicial system, improving the quality of legal services provided to citizens. This article is important because for the first time it examines in detail the problem of accessibility of justice in the context of digitalization, offering original ways to solve it. The findings and recommendations can be used to improve judicial practice, develop new legislation, and provide educational programs for law enforcement officials and lawyers.

The purpose of this study is to identify the criteria and factors influencing the determination of the amount of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances (hereinafter, "drugs") involved in crimes related to their illegal trafficking. In writing this paper, the author utilizes logical, statistical, and formal legal research methods. The article focuses on the criteria and factors influencing the determination of the amount of drugs and the classification of crimes related to their illegal trafficking: 1) the criteria for determining the amount of drugs are systematized and clarified, problems and contradictions in the current legislation are identified; 2) approaches to the unification of the methodology for determining the amount of drugs are proposed, which will ensure uniformity in the classification of crimes related to illegal drug trafficking; 3) an interdisciplinary aspect is analyzed, which includes not only the legal but also the chemical-pharmacological aspects. Currently, further adjustments to the classification of drug quantities are required to take into account modern realities and the emergence of new synthetic drugs. This study on determining drug quantities within the framework of criminal law has important scientific and practical implications, as it enriches the theoretical foundations of criminal law and can be applied in law enforcement.

The relevance of the topic of this article is determined by the necessity to analyze the experience of the relationship between the Soviet state and the Russian Orthodox Church (hereinafter referred to as the ROC), which is an essential component for understanding the mechanisms of regulating state-religious relations under conditions of ideological control.
The aim and objectives of the article are to conduct a systematic study of the policies of the USSR towards the ROC (1945–1991) by identifying the main stages of its evolution, methods of state control, and the consequences for contemporary Russian society and the state.
The scientific and practical significance of this research lies in the introduction of normative legal acts and archival materials into scientific circulation, which reveal the mechanism of state control exercised by the Soviet authorities over the ROC, as well as the possibilities of using the research materials to develop modern models of relations between the state and major confessions.
The main results and conclusions of the conducted research include the identification of three stages of Soviet state policy towards the ROC (1945–1949 – tactical cooperation, 1950–1984 – systematic restrictions, 1985–1991 – liberalization), the dual position and role of the ROC during the considered period (on one hand, as an object of repression, and on the other, as an instrument of “soft power” in difficult times for the state), as well as the identification of resilience in maintaining the ROC's influence on individual and public consciousness despite state pressure.
The scientific novelty of the work lies in the comprehensive analysis of the relationships between the USSR and the ROC throughout the entire post-war period, with an emphasis on the continuity of political practices.

The digital development of modern politics has led to the fact that mixed forms of government are faced with an expansion of control capabilities and an increase in unpredictable threats. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that the digital environment is changing the mechanisms of political governance faster than traditional institutions are able to adapt, which leads to the emergence of new types of risks in the activities of government actors. The aim of the work is to identify ways in which mixed (hybrid) political regimes seek to reduce political risks arising in the digital environment. To achieve this goal, the tasks of analyzing the nature of digital threats, determining their structural consequences for the political system and substantiating the approaches used by the authorities to neutralize them are being solved. The scientific and practical significance of the research lies in the fact that the work offers a holistic view of the interaction of digital technologies and political institutions, allows us to understand how technical solutions restructure management processes. The presented results show that the government uses three main methods: institutional duplication, algorithmic filtering and symbolic legitimization of risks. These methods provide temporary stabilization, but they are accompanied by the accumulation of hidden problems, a decrease in trust, and the emergence of second-order risks. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the conceptualization of digital risk management as a cyclical process in which the technical suppression of threats is combined with their further reproduction. The paper substantiates that digital methods make it possible to smooth out individual manifestations of instability, but they do not eliminate the root causes of risks and over time form zones that make the political regime more sensitive to new challenges. The findings clarify the understanding of the nature of digital sustainability and expand the tools for analyzing modern political systems.

The relevance of the study is due to the persistent difficulties in enforcing the decisions of the International Criminal Court (ICC), as well as the increasing politicization of international law enforcement mechanisms and the declining effectiveness of international criminal justice. In this context, the role of the United Nations Security Council in referring situations to the jurisdiction of the ICC becomes particularly significant.
The aim of the study is to identify the legal and institutional limitations of the United Nations Security Council's participation in ensuring the enforcement of decisions of the International Criminal Court.
The article analyzes the nature of state obligations arising from Security Council referrals, the influence of political factors on the execution of ICC arrest warrants, and the role of the doctrine of immunities in the interaction between judicial and political bodies of international justice.
The study demonstrates that Security Council referrals create a special regime of international cooperation that is formally binding but lacks independent enforcement mechanisms. It is shown that the existing model of interaction between the ICC and the United Nations contributes to the institutional legitimization of the Court's activities but does not guarantee the effective implementation of its decisions.

The article examines the activities of civil society institutions in the first quarter of the 21st century in the Republic of Tatarstan, one of the regions of the Russian Federation. The author draws attention to the issues of the constitution and the institutionalisation of diverse humanitarian initiatives by Tatarstan citizens. In the context of the reconstruction of Tatarstan's historical path (1989-2025), it was revealed that the key ideological guideline of interaction between citizens, institutionalized public associations (NGOs) and government structures is the philosophy of a common cause, embodied in the slogans "We are together / Bez Berge", "We can / "Bez buldyrabyz". These formulas serve as an intention for all subjects of civil society, making possible its interactivity, intersubjectivity, dialogicity and interpretativeness, which opens the way to mediation of meanings, the growth of consciousness and self-awareness of subjects of civil society, the development of proactive socio-humanitarian thinking, embodied in large projects of government, citizens and public institutions.

The relevance of studying social media as a trigger for conflict stems from fundamental changes in the structure of communication, information perception, and forms of social interaction caused by digitalization. Social media are becoming not just a reflection of social contradictions but a catalyst for them, provoking the emergence of conflicts. The aim of this article is to examine the impact of social media on adolescent behavior in conflict situations. The study revealed a high level of digital overload among adolescents, accompanied by regular exposure to conflict. This makes social media a space with a heightened risk of emotional stress and the development of chronic destructive communication patterns. The findings of this study can be used to develop recommendations aimed at preventing and reducing conflicts on social media.

This article is devoted to the supplementary education of master’s students at today’s Russian university. On the one hand, the urgency of the research is caused by the successful development of supplementary education and its demand by individuals and society. On the other hand, it is caused by the insufficient attention to supplementary education for master’s students with an expected reforming of this level of higher education.
The purpose of the research is to analyze the main aspects of the influence of supplementary education programs on the professional and personal development of master’s students. The objectives are to identify the specifics of supplementary education for master’s students, determine their motives and preferences in supplementary education, and reveal the issues and prospects for the developing of supplementary education for students completing a Master's degree program. According to a sociological study at Tver State Technical University, the features of master’s students as subjects of supplementary education are explored and factors influencing supplementary education for master’s students at a regional university are identified. The results of the research can be used to improve supplementary education for master’s students at the university.

In recent decades, there has been an increase in the popularity of esoteric practices, especially among the younger generation. The article presents an analysis of secondary information on the topic of esoteric services consumption in Russia. The results of a sociological study aimed at analyzing the attitude of Tver youth to esoteric practices are analyzed. In the course of the research, the following tasks were solved: the sources and degree of awareness of young people about various types of esoteric practices were identified; the degree of trust and experience of applying to them; the reasons influencing the appeal to esoteric rituals; the degree of involvement and satisfaction with them. The positive and negative consequences that young people associate with the use of esoteric practices are described. The average share of finances spent per year on esotericism by young people has been revealed. The practical significance of the research results lies in the possibilities for a deeper understanding of the causes of the popularization of esoteric practices among young people and the development of compensatory mechanisms at the local and state levels.

The relevance of this research topic stems from the high public significance of the discussion of the prospects for developing geocultural policy principles in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. This article highlights the current state of scientific knowledge on geoculture and the geocultural space of a territory and describes emerging research trends in the study of geocultural issues. The author's perspective focuses on substantiating the need to consolidate the category of "geocultural policy" in strategic planning documents. The authors acknowledge the need for specialized communities of scholars and experts to shift from theoretical research to the development of methodological foundations for geocultural policy at the regional and municipal levels. Effective means are seen in organizing thematic scientific conferences, holding a national congress dedicated to the development of modern Russian geocultures, and adopting a resolution on the development of the Fundamentals of Geocultural Policy in the regions of Russia. The methodological basis for this research is a geocultural approach, grounded in the traditional understanding of the culture-centric nature of Russian territorial communities, whose application in public and municipal administration is recognized as innovative.

The growing role of citizens in public administration at various levels reflects contemporary societal needs and trends. Civic engagement is an important factor in the development of democratic societies, but its forms vary depending on the socio-political context. Studying the experience of civic participation in decentralization processes offers the opportunity to model social governance. In this regard, the experience of the European country of France provides an important foundation for the development of a sociological theory of political participation.
The purpose of this article is to identify the potential of civic participation and civic engagement in the development of socio-political mechanisms for the decentralization of power (using France as an example).
The scientific significance of this study lies in identifying factors that positively and negatively influence the potential for increased citizen participation in public administration at various levels; this allows us to identify the key socio-political conditions under which such participation is optimal.
The practical significance of this study lies in the potential application of the obtained results and conclusions to the practice of state and municipal administration in Russia.
The scientific novelty of the results lies in the systematization of the experience of civic participation in governance and the development of forms of participatory democracy to enable scientific modeling of socio-political processes of power decentralization.

Our contemporary lives are inhabitants of the digital world: each of us has our own "digital history." We live our "digital lives," unable to imagine ourselves without smartphones, the internet, all forms of social activity (shopping, studying, working, entertainment) using digital technologies, and without daily online communication via instant messaging apps. In short, a new socio-technological reality has emerged, the relevance of understanding this reality, with all its pros and cons, within the framework of digital sociology and digital deviantology is absolutely obvious. The aim and objectives of this study are to briefly review the genesis of digital sociology and digital deviantology in recent years, to identify their subject areas and the connections between these new subdisciplines, to assess their heuristic potential, and to uncover the specifics of new digital methods (social media analysis, webometrics, online surveys, online focus groups, storytelling, and digital observation). Digital methodology, combined with traditional quantitative and qualitative methods for empirically studying the positive and, especially, negative social changes associated with the rise of cyberdeviance in all its manifestations, provides the key to understanding and improving social control systems in the new context to reduce the victimization of digital users.
Statistical methods and content analysis of scientific literature (publications and presentations at
scientific forums) were used.
The significance of this work lies in its attempt to formulate the main stages in the development of the subdisciplines of digital sociology and digital deviance studies in Russian science, clarifying their subject matter, specifics, and describing digital methodological tools with practical examples.

The article examines the specific features of the formation of spiritual experience under conditions of rapid digitalization of socio-cultural processes that transform the content and forms of religiosity. The aim of the study is to identify the transformations to which sacred practices are subjected under the influence of digital technologies, as well as to analyze the emerging paradoxes of perceiving and experiencing spiritual life within a mediatized environment. Based on an analysis of contemporary media formats, video games, online religious services, and neural network models, the study demonstrates that the digital representation of the sacred leads to its marginalization and boundary expansion: the sacred begins to encompass not only religious elements but also various digital manifestations of the profane.
The value and novelty of the research lie in identifying the ontological, epistemological, and hermeneutic implications of digital technologies for spiritual practices: the emergence of ontological pluralism, the rise of relativistic “pop-theology,” and the formation of new modes of personal spirituality oriented toward individual experience and game-based mechanics. The study concludes that religious behavior is undergoing gamification, quasi-sacred simulations are intensifying, and spiritual experience is shifting toward anthropocentric, individualized, and deinstitutionalized forms.
The scientific and practical significance of the work consists in highlighting the necessity of a critical analysis of digital forms of spirituality and in developing approaches that would enable religious, philosophical, and cultural institutions to respond to the challenges of a digital environment in which the sacred competes with technology for the attention and trust of contemporary individuals.

The aim of this study is to ontologize the category of abstract labor as the substance of capitalism and to uncover the mechanisms of inversion of determination in contemporary forms of social existence. The article examines the evolution of capital into a Hegelian "substance-subject," whose immanent purpose is expressed in the infinite self-expansion of value, totalizing the space of social and natural existence. Particular attention is paid to how the value form, which previously mediated concrete content, begins to construct social existence itself under the conditions of financialization, digital platforms, and biopolitical exploitation. The scientific novelty of this work lies in its radical ontologization of the Marxist category of abstract labor, interpreted as a primary substance structuring the ultimate modes of capitalism and ensuring the reproduction of new forms of value. The study reveals that capitalist totality reaches its ultimate penetration into all aspects of human life, from labor practices to biological time.

The article is devoted to the theoretical justification of the development of a multidimensional model based on complex parameters (managerial, sociological, philosophical, historical-architectural, cultural) for the systematization of quantitative and qualitative indicators in the field of architectural heritage preservation in order to expand the theoretical conceptualization and practical use of the cultural code for adjusting the image and brand of regional territories. Recently, the field of scientific research into territorial image in Russia has become increasingly relevant. This is due to the need to address a number of issues: a territorial identity crisis; increased competition between cities and regions for human, financial, and information resources; a lack of high-quality positioning strategies; the disruption of long-standing social, historical, and cultural ties between representatives of different generations of residents, etc. The development of modern concepts of territorial image requires a new, comprehensive approach. This article proposes such an approach by assessing the correlation between territorial image, architectural heritage, and cultural code. The topic of cultural code, which combines the socially common and the individually unique, is widely discussed in contemporary Russian scholarship. Sociocultural, psychoanalytic, axiological, semiotic, and linguistic-cultural approaches are used to study this "cultural code." However, these research approaches lack an analysis of the problem of "feedback," namely, the influence of specific areas of material, spiritual, or social activity on the formation of a "cultural code" by people identifying with a particular spatiotemporal cultural type. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that architectural heritage is proposed to be considered as a separate area of material activity that influences the components of the cultural code. The practical significance of the proposed model is due to the fact that architecture creates a materially organized environment that is necessary for people to live in, and it is both a part of and a source of the formation of culture in a historical perspective. The influence of the material environment of a modern individual, which is objectified in the form of historical architectural and urban planning objects, on the formation of the cultural code of a particular nation is an independent area of interdisciplinary research.

The relevance of this research is due to the demographic problem, characteristic of both the Russian Federation and the Vologda region. Despite state and regional measures to support families and prevent abortions, the Vologda region has seen an 18 % decrease in birth rates, with 64 abortions per 100 live births. Studying the bioethical perceptions of the population regarding pregnancy termination is necessary to understand the factors influencing reproductive behavior in the context of demographic programs (e.g., the regional program "Family – the Bulwark of the Russian North").
The aim of the study is to analyze public opinion on the procedure of pregnancy termination depending on gender and age demographic characteristics. The research objectives include studying opinions on: 1) the beginning of human life, 2) the permissibility of abortions, 3) a doctor's right to refuse to perform an abortion based on moral convictions, and 4) the permissibility of using fetal tissues in medicine.
The scientific significance of the study lies in the comprehensive examination of the population's reproductive attitudes depending on gender and age, which complements data on demographic dynamics.
The practical value of the results consists in their application for improving measures to prevent abortions and forming a culture of reproductive health.
The survey involved 513 adult residents of Cherepovets, Vologda region. It was established that the majority associate the beginning of life with conception, with prevailing positions against abortions or their conditional permissibility depending on circumstances. The refusal of a doctor to perform an operation based on personal convictions is rejected. Gender differences in perception were revealed: women more often support abortions or are guided by circumstances, while men are more often against them and more often allow a doctor's right to refuse pregnancy termination based on moral convictions. High uncertainty regarding fetal tissues was observed.
The conclusions emphasize the need to increase public awareness and consider gender specificities in demographic policy.

In the modern world, the role of local communities in the management of social processes is growing. As governing bodies, local communities assume a number of functions that the state is willing to delegate. Most often, these are issues of local importance, such as social services, public amenities, ecology, culture, and other matters related to citizen participation. Thus, local communities help build a horizontal governance structure and contribute to the development of democracy. It is important to understand the factors that facilitate or hinder local community participation in the management of social processes. This article analyzes the case of France.
The purpose of the article is to examine and analyze the experience of local community participation in the management of social processes (using France as an example).
The scientific significance of the study lies in identifying the positive aspects and limitations for the
development of local governance practices, taking into account the socio-political and socio-cultural contexts of the case under study.
The practical significance of the study lies in the potential application of the obtained results and conclusions in the practice of organizing local communities as essential resources for managing social processes in modern societies. The scientific novelty of the results lies in the systematization of experience in the development of self-organizing systems in the form of local communities, for subsequent scientific modeling of the processes of institutionalization of local government and governance.

The relevance of the article lies in the question of the reasons for dominance of Western strategies and patterns in modern scientific, philosophical, artistic practices. The purpose of the article is to try to discover the possibility of forming a subject capable, operating with the strategies of today's academic culture, nevertheless to begin the process of using their own intellectual, artistic, social traditions. The novelty of the study consists in the authors' attempt to see the solution to this problem in two planes: firstly, in the plane of analyzing changes in the nature of the subjectivity of the modern intelligentsia, since modern total capitalism does not create an organic intelligentsia that expresses the interests of capital as universal. The organic intelligentsia is replaced by the so-called intellectuals - inorganic intelligentsia, generated at the end of modernity in the process of recruiting by various parts of the capital of their own agents from the traditional intelligentsia of previous eras. Secondly, the authors show that in theory, the imperceptible substitution of the concept of spiritual production by the term "cultural industry" marks serious processes of transformation of spiritual production and leads to the loss of subject qualities by a modern intellectual who loses the ability to create human meanings, and reproduces instead of them mechanisms or technologies for creating another product – an indistinguishable mass of consumers. The scientific and practical component of the article is seen in the authors' attempt to find some points of growth of a new subjectivity, capable of mastering the traditions of their own culture and joining the process of spiritual production as the production of meanings and the production of a social person and society as a result.

The relevance of the study is due to the processes of urbanization and the formation of urban agglomerations in Russia, where small satellite cities face serious socio-demographic and infrastructural problems. Of particular importance is the study of the development of the Naberezhnye Chelny agglomeration as one of the most dynamically developing territorial clusters of the Republic of Tatarstan.
The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of socio-demographic imbalances and infrastructural constraints in small satellite towns of the Naberezhnye Chelny agglomeration, identification of key problems and development of recommendations for their solution.
The scientific novelty lies in the application of sociological analysis to assess integration processes in an agglomeration, identify critical points in the development of small satellite towns and develop mechanisms to overcome them.
The research methodology includes quantitative and qualitative methods: statistical analysis of demographic indicators, a sociological survey of 400 respondents, and the calculation of the perception polarization index.
The main results of the study showed: critical demographic polarization with a high burden factor for the elderly (up to 479.24 per 1,000 able-bodied people); massive outflow of the young able-bodied population; serious problems of transport infrastructure (64 % dissatisfaction with public transport); high level of population fatigue from pendulum migration (69 %); lack of coordination in the field of municipal and urban planning management (66–75 %).
The practical significance of the work consists in developing specific recommendations for the modernization of the transport system, strengthening institutional management and reducing the socioenvironmental burden in small satellite towns.
The study demonstrates that the lack of effective management integration and the poor quality of the basic infrastructure create social discomfort, undermining residents' confidence in the concept of agglomeration development.

The relevance of the research is due to the emergence of new management approaches due to the process of digital transformation of society. In this regard, an urgent task is to explore the possibilities of applying management approaches based on digital technologies, such as data-driven decision making, in social management. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the application of data-driven decision making in social management. The scientific novelty of the research lies in clarifying the concept of "databased decision making". The scientific significance lies in the consideration of data-driven management and an evidence-based approach within the framework of the cognitive paradigm of social management.

The relevance of the article is due to the need to actively use the levers of state support for enterprises in the heat and power industry, as this industry is under strict government control and regulation. The purpose of the article is to identify the administrative and economic methods of state support for heat and power industry enterprises in order to develop recommendations for their application in order to improve the economic security of the enterprise. The article identifies the administrative and economic levers of state regulation of the activities of consumers and producers of thermal energy. These levers are grouped according to various criteria. The article shows the relationship between the methods of regulation and the criteria of economic security of the enterprise. The article analyzes the regulatory acts of the Russian Federation and shows their importance for enhancing energy efficiency at thermal power plants.
The value of this research lies in identifying and analyzing the relationship between individual administrative and economic regulation levers and the criteria of an enterprise's economic security.

The article reveals the main directions of youth policy of patriotic orientation and the mechanisms of their implementation, in this context the problem of the formation of values of modern Russian youth is considered. The purpose of this research is to study the main directions of the development of patriotism in the framework of youth policy in Russia, as well as their impact on the formation of value orientations of young people.
Achieving this goal involves the implementation of the following tasks: a review of literary sources, the study of the directions of youth policy aimed at the development of patriotism in the Russian Federation, as well as the features of the formation of values of the younger generation. To solve the tasks, the historical method was used, through which the main concepts of the study in the historical context are revealed. General logical methods made it possible to analyze the normative legal acts regulating the implementation of youth policy, to consider the main directions of youth policy, including patriotic education of young people, and the features of its implementation. As a result, the features of the implementation of patriotic education of young people and its impact on the formation of values were revealed.
The scientific significance of the work is expressed in the generalization of the material on the problem of the formation of value orientations of patriotic orientation of young people in the process of implementing youth policy. The work is of practical importance, which lies in the possibility of using the materials in the work of sociologists dealing with the formation of patriotism of young people. In the process of studying the directions of youth policy and the features of its implementation, the following conclusions were made. One of the goals of youth policy is to create equal conditions for spiritual, intellectual, cultural, professional development, and self-realization of young people. The implementation of this goal is possible thanks to a variety of programs, federal projects aimed at the patriotic, spiritual and moral development of young people. Many of the announced projects are being successfully implemented, contributing to the development and strengthening of the state.

The term "compliance" is used by representatives of various academic fields, including law, economics, and management. Along with compliance, these disciplines employ concepts that, at first glance, have much in common with it. However, the relationship between these concepts and compliance remains insufficiently doctrinally explored in the academic literature. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the similarities and differences between compliance and internal control, risk management, and audit. Using contextual analysis, historical methods, and general scientific methods, the author presents an argument substantiating the independent significance of compliance as a private law phenomenon. Based on an analysis of related concepts, the author provides her own definition of a compliance system in a legal entity, which may serve as the basis for further academic discussion of the role and place of compliance in modern jurisprudence.

Informal youth groups are of great interest to criminological science, as this environment carries increased risks associated with the potential criminalization of adolescents and young adults.
The aim of this study is to characterize the common characteristics of delinquent informal youth groups, using Kazan's regional youth groups and football hooligan associations as examples. The objectives of the study are to determine the historical periodization of these delinquent youth groups, the primary focus of their activities, and their internal structure. Local judicial practice is used in the study.
The identity of members of Kazan's delinquent groups is based on territorial affiliation – community residence on the same street or neighborhood in the city. Identity within the fan movement was defined by support for a specific football team. The primary focus of these youth delinquent groups is the commission of violent crimes against members of rival groups or fan associations, so-called «firms». State policy to combat youth delinquent groups has to date led to a significant reduction in criminal activity by territorial groups and associations of football hooligans.

The research conducted in this article allows us to identify the essence and relationship between the categories of "harmfulness of a crime" and "social danger of an act" as they apply to crimes related to the illegal trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances (hereinafter drugs). The harmfulness of a crime is characterized by its severity. The negative impact of illegal acts on the objects of criminal law protection, measuring the individual and collective harm from drug use. Individual types of harm are considered: physical, economic, moral, and socio-psychological, demonstrating the wide range of negative consequences of drug trafficking. The author points out that the social danger is. A comprehensive category combining qualitative and quantitative criteria (level of harm, frequency of occurrence and prevalence, signs of perpetrators, and methods of committing crimes). It is reasonable to assert that it is the combination of harm and prevalence of certain types of crimes that allows us to establish a high level of social danger for them. A comparative analysis of domestic and international concepts regarding the criteria for criminalizing offenses is presented, allowing for the integration of national and international legal doctrines into Russian practices in combating drug-related crime. The study demonstrated that the essence of harmfulness is a crucial component in understanding the social danger of drug-related crimes and highlighted the need for further study of its role in the development of effective state criminal policy.

The article examines the potential of penitentiary institutions in the development of the region, as well as identifies factors contributing to regional development. Demographic indicators of the region have been studied. The dynamics of the recruitment of persons sentenced to imprisonment over the past five years has been studied. The analysis of the structure of commercial products of the UIC production units in the Republic of Tyva in the context of consumer categories is carried out. It is shown that the development of mutually beneficial cooperation between SIS institutions and regional economic entities through a broad system of government support measures will create prerequisites for the development of the region and increase the economic security of the region.

The relevance of the research topic is due to the strategic importance of energy for the Russian economy, the use of digital technologies as a driver of change, the need for institutional transformations related to the adaptation of the regulatory framework, the transformation of the system of relations between energy market entities, and the development of new business models.
The purpose of the study is to identify and systematize key institutional changes in order to assess the effectiveness of existing energy market regulation mechanisms and develop sound recommendations for improving their operation.
The research objectives are to identify institutional constraints, problematic issues, and promising areas for developing a model and improving the energy market.
The subject of the article is the institutional transformation of Russia's energy market in the context of digitalization. The paper analyzes the stages of development of the energy market, identifies the strengths and weaknesses of each stage, and proposes ways to develop and transition to the next stage of development.
The potential for developing the energy market has been updated, and a mechanism for reinvesting in the industry has been proposed. The need for institutional changes in the electricity sector in the context of digitalization has been identified in order to implement blockchain technologies and smart contracts.

The relevance of the research topic is due to the importance of an integrated approach when dealing with citizens' appeals to the prosecutor's office. The purpose of scientific research is to establish the most effective ways to implement an integrated approach in this area. The objectives of the study are to identify existing theoretical and practical problems of using an integrated approach in dealing with citizens' appeals, identify ways to overcome them, as well as suggestions for improving prosecutorial activities. The scientific significance of the research consists in the disclosure of certain theoretical provisions of complexity in dealing with citizens' appeals and the proposal of the author's disclosure of certain concepts. The practical significance is expressed in identifying the features of an integrated approach and disclosing them. The results of the scientific research are presented in recommendations to the operational staff of the prosecutor's office to improve the use of an integrated approach in the consideration and resolution of citizens' appeals.

The relevance of the chosen field of research is determined by the need to analyze and evaluate Russia's state legal policy in the field of education through the problems of domestic digital educational law. The purpose of the study is to consider the legal and organizational barriers that hinder the implementation of the basic principles of state policy and legal regulation of relations in the field of education, listed in the sectoral legislation and guaranteed by the legislator. The scientific and practical significance of the work consists in analyzing specific legal situations and emerging trends that emphasize the separation of practice and legal provisions, as well as drawing attention to aspects that require comprehensive legal regulation. The value of the conducted research is seen in the consideration of the object (domestic education) in new law-making and law enforcement trends (the development of digital educational law), reflected in political decisions, sometimes contradicting state legal policy.

The article analyzes the requirement of the Russian Federal Law "On Political Parties" for the number of regional branches of political parties, which indirectly prohibits the creation and operation of regional and local political parties in the context of the possibility of collective self-organization of individuals into political parties at the regional and local levels of government. Various points of view are considered regarding the requirements of the Federal Law of Russia "On Political Parties" for the establishment and operation of political parties, including the requirement for the number of regional branches of political parties, the provisions of the Decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, which assess this requirement, as well as a theoretical and legal approach applicable to the analysis of the problem of legislative requirements for creation and activity of political parties in Russia. Recommendations are proposed for the development of party legislation in Russia in order to expand the participation of a range of collective actors in public life at the regional and local levels of government.

The article examines the phenomenon of victimblaming through the prism of fiction analysis. The purpose of this article is to show how writers from different eras expressed their attitude to the phenomenon under study in their works. The discourse analysis used by the author makes it possible not only to identify hidden mechanisms by which responsibility is transferred from the aggressor to the victim, but also to reveal historical and cultural features, stereotypes and prejudices rooted in the public consciousness that form the basis of accusations, and to determine the influence of social institutions on the spread of victimblaming. Such an analysis can become an argument in favor of creating programs to improve the work of law enforcement agencies and contribute to the development of effective methods of support for victims of violence.

The invention of artificial intelligence (AI) systems threatens humanity with becoming dependent on modern computing systems and, as a consequence, the rapid degradation of human mental abilities. This inevitably entails the need for a person to clearly define his place in the system of formation of new relations in the information civilization.
The determination of a person’s place in the new system of developing relations in civilization presupposes the search for the necessary criteria for recognizing the two forms of intellectual activity that have emerged today. Intelligence is associated with creativity, therefore, definitions of recognition of human and machine intelligence must be sought in the features of the formation of the new. The solution to this problem should allow a person to focus exclusively on those forms of possible creativity that no one and nothing else is capable of.
A clear delineation of the spheres of activity of human and machine intelligence should enable a restructuring of the entire system of social relations. Optimization will be primarily required in the education and upbringing systems to develop the necessary personality; bureaucratic structures to organize the governance of society; and business structures to fully automate the production of the benefits of civilization.
An analysis of the works of German classical idealist thinkers on the mind has allowed us to build a bridge from the past to the modern conceptual recognition of the creative potential of human and machine intelligence. All this allows us, on the one hand, to distinguish between the concepts of reason and intelligence, and on the other, to define a new place for humans in the culture of civilization, which will determine, and not be determined by, the development of AI.
Value and scientific novelty. AI always operates within the field of already existing knowledge of all cultures that the information network of modern civilization has at its disposal. But machine intelligence does not possess reason, and therefore is incapable of working in the area of boundary-value problems of thinking. Only the human mind, connected with the highest forms of organization of existence: society, the Cosmos and God, is capable of working in the field of generating fundamentally new ideas.

The relevance of the study is determined by the 40th anniversary of the largest man-made disaster of the 20th century, the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident, the consequences of which still have a significant impact on the socio-economic development of the affected territories of Russia. The study of the consequences of an accident is of particular importance in the context of ensuring radiation safety and social protection of affected citizens.
The purpose of the study is to comprehensively analyze the socio-economic consequences of the Chernobyl disaster for Russia, assess the effectiveness of government support for affected citizens, and identify key trends in nuclear safety.
The scientific and practical significance of the work consists in systematization of data on the consequences of the accident, analysis of the dynamics of state support for affected citizens and assessment of the effectiveness of implemented measures. The results of the study can be used to improve the social protection system and increase the effectiveness of measures to overcome the consequences of radiation disasters.
The main results of the study showed: a significant increase in the number of recipients of social support from 2020 to 2023; an increase in government funding for support measures; a continuous increase in the number of pensioners affected; significant changes in government policy to ensure nuclear safety.
Despite significant progress in overcoming the consequences of the accident, the study revealed the need for further improvement of the social protection system for affected citizens and the maintenance of radiation safety

The article examines the phenomenon of the "cobra effect," which the author uses to define the effectiveness of solutions in cases where the public space has a significant impact on the development of the situation. The relevance of the study is due to the active mediatization of the social environment, which increases the complexity of resolving problematic situations. By examining a number of such situations, the author demonstrates that a linear approach does not provide a comprehensive analysis, as it can lead to the opposite result.
The object of the study is the social phenomena of the public space that demonstrate the cobra effect. As illustrative cases, the author examines situations related to phenomena such as media violence and "info-gypsyism," as well as the well-known "Philadelphia Experiment." Through these examples, the author raises the issue of overcoming the linear narrative approach that is typically associated with situations that are influenced by the public space. The article highlights the importance of a comprehensive analytical approach that takes into account the complexity of dissipative systems.
The scientific novelty of this work lies in the introduction of the "cobra effect" instrumental metaphor into scientific discourse. This has allowed for the unification of phenomena that were previously considered in unrelated aspects. Additionally, a methodological challenge has been identified in the analysis of these objects. The author argues for the integration of micro- and macro-perspectives in sociological analysis to better understand and manage social processes in the public sphere. Symbolic interactionism is considered as one of the analytical approaches.
The practical significance of the work lies in substantiating the importance of an integrative approach to complex public phenomena aimed at preventing the negative consequences of managerial decisions in a mediatized environment.

The religious conversion of women from the Orthodox to the Islamic religion has become widespread in recent years and has received a strong social reaction from the population. Especially when demonstrating the process of religious conversion by women on the Internet. The article presents the results of a content analysis of comments and reactions of YouTube video hosting users to videos about the transition of women from the Orthodox to the Muslim religion. The study revealed the size and emotional coloring of the comments and responses to them. The relevance of comments and responses in relation to the topic of the video, the form and color of communication (type of interaction) between participants, and the type of reaction to comments (graphical, textual, or no reaction) were investigated. The results of this study will help to understand the mechanisms of forming public reactions to women's religious conversion, the significance of digital communications, and the logic of interaction between participants in the online space on this topic.

Modern school, as one of the most important social institutions, today addresses a vast spectrum of tasks: integrating modern educational technologies with a focus on digitalization; shifting towards student-centered teaching where the learner takes a proactive role in education; ensuring openness and transparency of the educational process through constant generation of messages in the media space; promoting traditional values and patriotic orientations for the younger generation.
In the context of competition with social networks, viral videos, and memes that often distort the “worldview” of modern schoolchildren, educational organizations also have to engage in the process of generating information for their audience: creating messages in an accessible form for young people about basic concepts of morality, good and evil, family values, friendship, mutual assistance, pride in the homeland, and respect for its history.
This article describes a model for implementing media practice in pedagogical activities. The research objective is to characterize the possibilities of using a media project as a tool for introducing students to traditional values. In this regard, the prospects of using the “learning by doing” system in school education through the development of socio-cultural media projects have been considered. The authors conclude that involving students in the school environment in creating a media project, subject to certain conditions, contributes to the popularization of traditional values among the younger generation.

The study is relevant in the context of increasing demands for sustainability and transparency in supply chains. The aim of the research is to examine contemporary tools for supplier evaluation and development, including PSPM, PIP, and certification systems, with the integration of ESG metrics. Tasks included analyzing motivation mechanisms, KPI formation, and contractual incentives, as well as identifying methods to enhance supplier maturity. The scientific and practical significance lies in developing a model of systematic management of partnership relations, contributing to risk reduction and efficiency improvement. The main results demonstrate that integrating evaluation, motivation, and sustainable practices forms manageable and competitive supply chains, confirming the novelty of the approach.

The relevance of the article is due to the fact that currently intellectual property issues are becoming key for the field of online education, since online schools are interested in protecting and protecting the results of creative work that are used in the educational process.
The purpose of the article is to analyze the theoretical and practical aspects of personal non-property rights to the results of creative activity created in the field of online education. The objectives of the research are the theoretical study of specific personal non-property rights to the results of creative activity created in the field of online education, as well as the identification of problematic aspects of their application and protection.
The practical significance of the research lies in the consideration of topical issues of personal nonproperty rights to the results of creative activity created in the field of online education. The results of the study may be of interest to practicing lawyers in the field of intellectual property and online education, as well as to the scientific community dealing with intellectual property law and educational law.
The analysis showed that the successful application and protection of personal non-property rights to the results of creative activity created in the field of online education makes it possible to increase the credibility and effectiveness of online education.

The article examines the current segment of the tourist market – popular science tourism on the example of the Khibiny mountain range. The importance of the region as a unique mineralogical object, forming a steady demand for specialized educational programs, is substantiated. Based on the analysis of existing tourist offers and the results of the author's sociological survey (N = 250), the motivational attitudes, expectations and barriers of the target audience are revealed. There is a high willingness to participate in scientific expedition tours (77 % of respondents) with an expressed interest in historical, archaeological, geological and mineralogical content. The article contains practical recommendations on the design and promotion of comprehensive tourism products that harmoniously combine educational value, comfort and safety, which contributes to the diversification of the tourist offer in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.